Influencing factors and knowledge gaps on anemia prevention among female students in Indonesia

<span>Adolescents (10-19 years old) are at high risk of developing iron deficiency anemia. Prevalence of anemia in young women in Indonesia was 37.1% which increased to 48.9% in 2018, with the proportion of anemia in the age group of 15-24 years and 25-34 years. The objectives of this study were to understand the influencing factors and gaps of knowledge related anemia prevention among female high school students. A qualitative case study design was conducted (April-May 2020) among nine female students (15-18 years old) from two senior high schools in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling. Registered student who has total study period in the school not less than six months and students who refused to participate in this study were excluded. Data collection was used focus group discussion via WhatsApp messenger video call. Data analysis was mixed between content analysis and thematic analysis. Female students admit that they lack the initiative to find out about anemia. With the lack of understanding about anemia, the female students admitted that they did not really know whether preventing anemia was an important thing to do. The anemia education program at schools needs to enhance the female student’s knowledge about iron tablet consumption.</span>

Clearance of Renal Stone in PCNL Under Spinal Anaesthesia

Objective: To evaluate the Outcome of PCNL under spinal Anaesthesia. Material and Method: A total of 74 patients with renal stone disease were treated by PCNL under spinal anasthesia. Total study period was from January 2013 to October 2019. Pre operative and post operative variables and complications were recorded. Result: Age range from 25 years to 65 years, mean 41.37 ± 33 yrs. Male female ratio was 6.4:1 stone size ranges from 15mm to 40mm, majority was 21.33mm. Mean operative time was 69±4.2 min. Total stone clearance was 15.60%. Only 10.82% patients were suffering from grade I complications and mean hospital stay was 3.1±0.6 days. Conclusion: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is effective and safe under spinal anesthesia with shorter hospital stay and minimal complication. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 23, No. 2, July 2020 p.154-157

Double Burden of Underweight and Overweight among Women in South and Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

ABSTRACT The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is characterized by the coexistence of underweight and overweight individuals in a population. The objective of this study was to assess the level of DBM, as well as its main determinants, in women in South and Southeast Asia. We searched scientific literature databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar; gray literature; and reference lists from primary research published between 1969 and September 30, 2017. In total, 128 studies met our inclusion criteria, representing data of ∼5 million women >15 y of age from South and Southeast Asia. The findings show that prevalence rates of underweight and overweight varied by study from 7.0% to 61.0% and 1.0% to 64.0%, respectively. For the total study period, the pooled prevalence of underweight and overweight was 28% (95% CI: 25%, 31%) and 17% (95% CI: 15%, 19%) in South Asia, respectively, and 20% (95% CI: 15%, 26%) and 20% (95% CI: 15%, 24%) in Southeast Asia, respectively. In both regions, underweight was more prevalent in rural areas, among women of the youngest age group (15–19 y), and among those in the poorest wealth quintile. In contrast, overweight was higher in urban areas, among women of older age, and among those in the wealthiest households. This study also found that prevalence of overweight has recently exceeded that for underweight in this population.

Partial replacement of nitrogen fertilization with legumes in tropical pasture overseeded with temperate species for the production of steers

Using legumes in forage mixes can help decrease the use of nitrogen fertilizers and possibly increase the nutritive value of pasture. The aim of the current study was to determine animal production and behavioural and ingestion parameters by evaluating the production and nutritive value of Aruana grass (Panicum maximum ‘Aruana’) intercropped with forage peanut (Arachis pintoi ‘Amarillo’) or fertilized with nitrogen. The treatments were N200 (200 kg N/ha per season – summer and winter), 100N + PE (100 kg N/ha per season plus pasture mixture with forage peanut) and N100 (100 kg N/ha per season). The presence of forage peanut in the pasture did not replace nitrogen fertilization as the pasture fertilized with 200 kg of nitrogen had a greater leaf/stem ratio (0.66 v. 0.54), stocking rate (2600 v. 2290 kg live weight/ha), average daily gain (0.880 v. 0.700 kg/day) and live weight gain (LWG) (652 v. 468 kg/ha) during summer. During winter, no effect of increased nitrogen fertilization on pasture and animal production was observed. In the total study period (summer + winter), a greater LWG (897 v. 741 kg/ha) occurred when a higher quantity of nitrogen (N200) was placed in the pasture compared to the insertion of forage peanuts in the system.

Long-Term Variations of Temperature and Precipitation in the Megacity of Istanbul for the Development of Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change

Istanbul, as one of the four anchor megacities of Europe, has shown a rise of 0.94°C in average annual temperature over the long period of 1912–2016 under impacts of anthropogenic climate change. A notable increase in temperatures has started after the 1940s, which is in parallel with the beginning of industrialization era in Istanbul. This warming is associated with an extensive population growth and accompanied the decrease in vegetation cover. Increasing in minimum series of temperature is more evident than maximum values and the rising rate of temperature values has been more pronounced during recent decades. The first significant upward trend in precipitation series has periodically started in 1920s, while there has been a stable trend from 2001 till today. The daily average of rainfall amount increased with a mean value of 58 mm during the total study period. Rising rate of daily maximum precipitation has been more evident in the last 3 decades, which is shown by the increased frequency of heavy rainfall. In this regard, both of the temperature and precipitation series had higher mean values (13.9°C and 878 mm) for the final period (1965–2016) compared to the mean values (13.6°C and 799 mm) belonging to the first period (1912–1964).

The Medical Management of Arsha with Chirabilwadi Quatha and Kaseesadi Thaila Sthanika Abhyanga

Arsha (Piles) is the one of the most common disease encountered in clinical and surgical practice. Arsha incidence increases with advancing age, at least 50% of people over the age of 50 years have some degree of haemorrhoidal symptoms. In this study an attempt has been made to treat the “disease” with Chirabilwadi quatha (Panartha) and Kaseesadi thaila (Sthanika abhyanga). Total thirty patients were selected by simple randomized method and allocated into three groups called Group A, B, C. Each group had ten patients. Group A. treated with Chirabilwadi quatha(Panartha), Group B. treated with Kaseesadi thaila and Group C. treated with combination of Chirabilwadi quatha and Kaseesadi thaila. Total study period was nighty days in that thirty days was treatment and sixty days was fallow-up. The effect of treatment was observed both in subjective symptoms and objective parameters. Non significant, Significant and highly significant results were observed in subjective parameters, objective parameters and overall in all three groups.

Analysis of rainfall data for storage and irrigation planning in humid south-eastern plain of Rajasthan in India

A study was carried out to analyze the rainfall data for storage and irrigation planning under humid south-eastern region of Rajasthan using a time series record for 32-year (1980-2011) periods. It was observed that most of the years under observation were having adequate rainfall for all round the year crop production provided the water were collected during the rainy season. The area received 921.5 mm annual rainfall out of which 92% occurred during southwest monsoon (June-September) season. Of the total study period of 32 years, 19% were drought years, 66% were normal years and the remaining 15% were the abnormal years. The annual rainfall during the period showed negative trend (-6.955 mm/year). It showed decreasing trend (-7.782 mm/year) during the month of August and positive trends with 0.864, 3.909 and 1.192 mm/year, respectively, during month of June, July and September. The analysis generally showed that water deficit appeared during the period of November up till May and rain water was excess during the period of June up till September. During these months, rain water can be stored with the help of rainfall harvesting system. If only 50% of total rain water is collected, it forms approximately 44.16 lacs litres of water on a unit hectare basis of land. This rainfall water will be adequate for all rounds the year crop production with conservation of rain water and judicious use of rain water resources.

STRUCTURE, GEOGRAPHY AND ORIGIN OF DIALECTS IN THE TRADITIVE SONG OF THE FOREST WEAVER PLOCEUS BICOLOR SCLATERI IN NATAL, S. AFRICA

From a 21-year-long combined field and laboratory study we describe the general song structure and local song dialects of this species. These dialects differ in syntactic and phonological charateristics. Within its first 24 months the individual learns a song from its parents and keeps that song constant throughout life. In free-living populations dialects remained constant over the total study period. We could exclude that the dialects are an acoustic window phenomenon. We found individual song variations within dialects which suggest a derivation of local dialects from family-specific songs, enhanced by man-induced habitat fragmentation.