CONTRACEPTIVE FAILURE: LEVELS, TRENDS AND DETERMINANTS IN MATLAB, BANGLADESH

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
RADHESHYAM BAIRAGI ◽  
M. MAZHARUL ISLAM ◽  
MANOJ KUMAR BARUA
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Contraceptive Failure ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
National Family Planning ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Over Time

This study investigated the levels, trends and determinants of contraceptive use-failure in Matlab, Bangladesh, using a set of prospective data on 25,960 women of reproductive age. The data were extracted from the Record Keeping System (RKS) of Matlab for the period 1978–94. If there was any live birth during the use or within 7 months after the discontinuation of use, it was considered as a failure. The life table technique and hazard model were used as analytical tools. The results suggest that use-failure for pills, IUDs (TCu 200) and injectables and other temporary methods increased from 1978 to 1988, but began to decline after 1988. The cumulative probability of first-method failure within 1 year of method acceptance of the cohort of 1990–94 acceptors was 12·9% for pills, 2·0% for IUDs, 0·5% for injectables, 22·0% for condoms and 13·4% for ‘other’ methods (sampoon, foam, jelly and traditional methods). For pills, condoms and ‘other’ methods, the likelihood of failure declined with the duration of use; by contrast, the probability of an IUD failure increased over time, peaking at 3 years of use. The injectables maintained a low likelihood of failure regardless of the duration of use. The quality of Community Health Workers' (CHWs) performance was associated with the risk of failure of all temporary methods except condoms; women's background characteristics associated with failure varied by method. The effect of the quality of the CHWs' performance and the background variables on failure did not change much over time. It is felt that contraceptive failure deserves the serious attention of programme managers and policy makers to make the Bangladesh national family planning programme more successful.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Contraceptive Use In Reproductive Age Couples

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Desak Nyoman Suryaningrat ◽  
Ni Wayan Suniyadewi ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Dewi Puspawati
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Spearman Test

<em>Mothers are family members who play an important role in family life. Maternal deaths that occur in every minute at every day are mostly caused by complications related to pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperal. Contraceptive use in reproductive age couples is one of the strategies of the family planning to reduce maternal mortality. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with contraceptive use in reproductive age couples. This study used a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The samples were 56 people selected using a non-probability sampling technique, i.e., purposive sampling.  Data were analyzed using Rank Spearman test and contingency coefficient test. The results showed that there was a correlation between contraceptive use and factors of age, education, employment, customs / culture and quality of family planning services with a p-value of &lt;0.05. This study recommends that Mengwi Public Health Center I provide a counseling room for family planning acceptors and increase the schedule of family planning services as well as improve the quality of health workers especially in giving counseling about contraceptive use.</em>

scholarly journals Perceptions and experiences of men and women towards acceptability and use of contraceptives in underserved areas of Karachi, Pakistan: A Midline Qualitative Assessment of Sukh Initiative, Karachi Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Saleem ◽  
Narjis Rizvi ◽  
Anam Feroz ◽  
Sayyeda Reza ◽  
Saleem Jessani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Men And Women

Abstract Background: Family planning (FP) is an essential component of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and contributes directly to SDG targets 3.7 and 5.6. In Pakistan, contraceptive use has remained stagnant over the past 5 years. This change has been very slow when compared to the FP2020 pledge. The Sukh initiative project was conceived and implemented to alleviate these challenges by providing access to quality contraceptive methods in some underserved areas of Karachi, Pakistan. A qualitative study was been conducted to understand the perceptions and experiences of men and women towards acceptability and contraceptive use.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted at ten Sukh stations located in four towns of Karachi. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with Married Women of Reproductive Age (MWRA) and married men who received FP services through the Sukh initiative. Study participants were purposively sampled for focus group discussions (FGDs). Interview data was manually transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: A total of 20 FDGs(Men=10 FGDs; MWRA=10 FGDs) were conducted. Three overarching themes were identified: (I) Appropriateness and means to promote contraceptive use; (II) Equity and Accessibility to contraceptives; and (III) Perspective on available FP services. Generally, both men and women were informed about FP methods but women were more cognizant of FP information. The Door to Door services by community health workers in Sukh initiative areas was largely appreciated both by women and men as it has made the accessibility and availability of the information and services easy. Women suggested that the Sukh initiative should bring some strategies that can help men broaden their perspective towards FP. The study informed that the men feel left out from the FP programs. Therefore, male participants expressed keen interest in initiatives for men in their communities that would cater to their FP needs.Conclusions: This qualitative study provided a unique opportunity to understand the perceptions of men and women towards the phenomena of contraceptive use. The study identified the need for trained and qualified female and male healthcare providers and well-established health facilities alongside door-to-door services.

scholarly journals Quality of Care in Family Planning Services: Differences Between Formal and Informal Settlements of Kira Municipality, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubair Lukyamuzi ◽  
Moses Tetui ◽  
Osvaldo Fonseca-Rodríguez ◽  
Lynn Atuyambe ◽  
Fredrick Edward Makumbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Process Factors

Background: Quality of care (QoC) of family planning (FP) affects contraceptive use, and it varies across types of urban settlement. This study assesses the difference in service delivery point (SDP) structural and process factors between formal and informal urban settlements, and the opinion of the client on the QoC in informal settlements. This is useful in creating an evidence base to advocate for better quality services for the most vulnerable in society.Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey that included SDPs of Kira municipality in Wakiso district, Uganda. Data were collected from all the service points in Kira municipality with the caretakers consented. In addition, using multi-stage sampling, 626 women of reproductive age (15–49 years) who lived in the informal settlements of Kira municipality were interviewed. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, descriptive analysis was carried out in Stata version 14.0, and Chi-square and t-tests were used to compare the informal with the formal settlements.Results: Formal settlements generally had more higher-level SDPs compared to informal settlements (value of p &lt; 0.001). SDPs in the formal settlements provided more FP methods and had more community health workers (CHW) to support their work. Also, SDPs in the formal settlements were more likely to have long-term FP methods available and more likely to have trained personnel to insert and remove implants and IUDs compared to those in informal settlements. Additionally, more SDPs in the formal settlements provided counseling for permanent, long-term, and short-term FP methods. Of the 626 interviewed women, most of the women (68.6%) reported that they would not return to the previous FP provider or refer a friend to the same provider (72.7%).Conclusions: There is a lower quality FP services in the informal settlements with a commensurable effect on the client satisfaction with the services. Therefore, improving the quality of FP services in informal settlements should be a top priority. Improved quality of services could act as a motivation to increase the uptake of modern contraceptives in such settings.

scholarly journals Perceptions and experiences of men and women towards acceptability and use of contraceptives in underserved areas of Karachi, Pakistan: A Midline Qualitative Assessment of Sukh Initiative, Karachi Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Saleem ◽  
Narjis Rizvi ◽  
Anam Feroz ◽  
Sayyeda Reza ◽  
Saleem Jessani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Men And Women

Abstract Background: Family planning (FP) is an essential component of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and contributes directly to SDG targets 3.7 and 5.6. In Pakistan, contraceptive use has remained stagnant over the past 5 years. This change has been very slow when compared to the FP2020 pledge. The Sukh initiative project was conceived and implemented to alleviate these challenges by providing access to quality contraceptive methods in some underserved areas of Karachi, Pakistan. A qualitative study was conducted to understand the perceptions and experiences of men and women towards acceptability and contraceptive use.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted at ten Sukh stations located in four towns of Karachi. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with Married Women of Reproductive Age (MWRA) and married men who received FP services through the Sukh initiative. Study participants were purposively sampled for focus group discussions (FGDs). Interview data was manually transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: A total of 20 FDGs (Men=10 FGDs; MWRA=10 FGDs) were conducted. Three overarching themes were identified: (I) Appropriateness and means to promote contraceptive use; (II) Equity and Accessibility to contraceptives; and (III) Perspective on available FP services. Generally, both men and women were informed about FP methods but women were more cognizant of FP information. The Door to Door services by community health workers in Sukh initiative areas was largely appreciated both by women and men as it has made the accessibility and availability of the information and services easy. Women suggested that the Sukh initiative should bring some strategies that can help men broaden their perspective towards FP. The study informed that the men feel left out from the FP programs. Therefore, male participants expressed keen interest in initiatives for men in their communities that would cater to their FP needs.Conclusions: This qualitative study provided a unique opportunity to understand the perceptions of men and women towards the phenomena of contraceptive use. The study identified the need for trained and qualified female and male healthcare providers and well-established health facilities alongside door-to-door services.

SNA as an Integrative Framework

2020 ◽  
pp. 187-210
Author(s):  
Alice Airola
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Over Time

Since the second half of the year 1900, when the concept of organized crime became a matter of scientific interest, the inherent complex nature of this social phenomenon has been reflected in a multitude of definitions, methods, and analytical tools. Today, the time of integrating the huge body of knowledge, accumulated over time, has come. This chapter identifies a new and promising integrative tool in the social network analysis (SNA). In this regard, three main themes will be discussed: Why is an integrated approach to the study of organized crime necessary? How could SNA assist the researcher in structuring and implementing an effective integrative approach? and, In which ways could SNA resolve issues linked to the integrative approach, and, vice versa, to what extent a systematic integrative approach could improve the quality of SNA applied to organized crime?

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Modern Contraceptive Use among Urban Slum and Nonslum Women in Kinshasa, DR Congo: Cross-Sectional Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9400
Author(s):  
Pierre Z. Akilimali ◽  
Nguyen-Toan Tran ◽  
Anastasia J. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Modern Contraceptive Use ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Urban populations have been increasing at an alarming rate, with faster growth in urban slums than that in nonslums over the past few decades. We examine the association between slum residence and the prevalence of contraceptive use among women of reproductive age, and assess if the effect was modified by household wealth. We conducted cross-sectional analysis comprising 1932 women in slums and 632 women in nonslums. We analyzed the moderating effect through an interaction between household wealth and neighborhood type, and then conducted stratified multivariable logistic-regression analysis by the type of neighborhood. Fewer women living in nonslum neighborhoods used modern methods compared to those living in slum neighborhoods. Within slum neighborhoods, the odds of using modern contraceptive methods were higher among women visited by community health workers than among those who had not been visited. Parity was one of the strong predictors of modern contraceptive use. Within nonslum neighborhoods, women from the wealthiest households were more likely to use modern contraceptives than those from the poorest households. Household wealth moderated the association between the type of neighborhood and modern contraceptive use. The study findings suggested heterogeneity in modern contraceptive use in Kinshasa, with a surprisingly higher contraceptive prevalence in slums.

scholarly journals Contraceptive use and quality of life among women of reproductive age, attending a general outpatient clinic in a Nigerian tertiary hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2932
Author(s):  
Tawakalit O. Salam ◽  
Olushola A. Mosuro ◽  
Sufiyan A. Muyibi ◽  
Adedotun A. Adetunji
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values

Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa, unplanned pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and low use of modern contraceptives are major reproductive health problems affecting women of reproductive age. However, there is evidence of an increase in contraceptive use over the past decade. This study was carried out to assess the pattern of contraceptive use, and its association with quality of life among women of reproductive age, attending a general outpatient clinic, at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted with 323 women aged 15-49 years for three months. Data were retrieved using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.Results: The mean age of the participants was 34.9±8 years. The prevalence of contraceptive use was 43.7%, and out which, 34.4% accounted for modern methods. At least 72.4% ever heard about a method of contraceptive. Male condom was the most heard (96.6%) and most used (39.0%) contraceptive method. Majority of the quality of life parameters had higher mean scores, with significant mean values in vitality and social functioning categories among contraceptive users (72.41±14.82 and 72.07±18.39 respectively, p=0.029) compared with non-contraceptive users.Conclusions: Despite a higher mean quality of life scores among contraceptive users, less than half of the respondents made use of contraceptives. Therefore, the need for more orientation on the use of contraceptives to promote safe sexual practice and birth control is required.

scholarly journals Patterns of contraceptive use among Australian women of reproductive age with chronic disease: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Harris ◽  
Nicholas Egan ◽  
Peta Forder ◽  
Deborah Bateson ◽  
Deborah Loxton
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
Over Time

Objective: Examine patterns of contraceptive use among reproductive age women, with and without chronic disease, and investigate factors which influence contraceptive use over time. Design: Population-based cohort study Setting and population: Data from 8,030 women from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. Main outcome measures: Contraceptive patterns identified using latent transition analysis. Methods: Multinomial mixed-effect models were used to evaluate the relationship between contraceptive combinations and chronic disease. Results: Women with chronic disease used contraception at similar rates to women without chronic disease however contraceptive non-use increased over the observation period (13.6% vs 12.7% in 2018 when aged 40-45 years). When specific contraceptive use patterns were examined over time, differences were found for women with autoinflammatory diseases only. Compared to women without chronic disease using the pill and condoms, women with autoinflammatory disease had increased odds of using condom and natural methods (OR=1.20, 95% CI=1.00, 1.44), and sterilisation and other methods (OR=1.61, 95% CI=1.08, 2.39) or no contraception (OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.04, 1.66), compared to women without chronic disease using short-acting methods and condoms. Conclusion: Potential gaps in the provision of appropriate contraceptive access and care exist for women with chronic disease, particularly those diagnosed with autoinflammatory conditions. Development of national guidelines as well as a clear coordinated contraceptive strategy from adolescence through to the mid reproductive years and perimenopause encouraging regular contraceptive review during care management to increase support for, and agency among, women with chronic disease is required.

Perception and uptake of contraception among health workers in Ile-Ife, South-western Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
A Olaleye ◽  
E Orji ◽  
A Akintayo ◽  
A Olaleye ◽  
J Imaralu
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
National Family Planning ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Objective: This study was carried out to assess the perception of health workers towards contraceptive methods, determine the proportion of health workers using modern contraceptive methods and identify factors influencing their contraceptive practice. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive survey of 300 practicing nurses in the health facilities within Ile-Ife, Nigeria was done using pre-tested, self-administered semi-structured questionnaires. Results: Most of the respondents were less than 30years, married, multiparous and had practised for more than 2years. Prevalence of modern contraceptive use was 75.2%. Knowledge of contraceptives was poorest for injectables and oral contraceptive pills (32% each). Twenty six percent of respondents believed that contraception should be limited to women who had completed their families, while 32.4% were either uncertain or disagreed with the safety of contraceptives. The commonest method used was the condom, though contraceptive choice varied with cadre of staff. Desire for another pregnancy was the main reason for discontinuing contraception (51.2%). Older age, religion and marriage positively influenced contraceptive use. Conclusion: Knowledge and perception of contraception among nurses in Ile-Ife is relatively poor. Ensuring accurate information on contraception among this target group of health workers is an important step towards achieving success in the national family planning programme.

scholarly journals IUD Contraceptive Use Among Women of Reproductive Age: Experiences, Motivators and barriers in a General Hospital, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nambalirwa Teddy ◽  
Connie Olwit ◽  
Charles Osingada ◽  
Juliet Kiguli ◽  
Mathew Nyashanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract BackgroundDespite availing contraceptives, IUD uptake remains low in family planning service provision. Yet there is evidence that access to family planning reduces Maternal mortality especially in developing countries like Uganda. The study explored the reasons for low uptake of IUD among women of reproductive age.MethodologyFocus-groups and in-depth interviews with women in reproductive was employed to explore experiences, barriers and for low use of IUD. A thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsThis study explored women’s experiences, their motivations and barriers to IUD use. The positive experiences reported included; IUD is a long-term method of family planning; un affected libido, body image, reassurance from the health providers. The negative experiences included; pain on insertion; discomfort and bleeding and fear of strings. The motivators were; availability of IUD services at the facility, unaffected body image, information from the health workers and the barriers included; mistrust of health providers, financial constraints, myth and misconceptions and lack of social support.ConclusionThe experiences were both positive and negative, the motivators were their drivers to use the method and barriers were reported to influence the IUD use. There is need for mothers who have used IUD and are satisfied with the method to talk to other mothers so that we can increase IUD use as a method of family planning and health care providers have role to play to demystify the myth and misconceptions the mother have.

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