Suicide: the stable rates argument

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
Real Number ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Relative Stability ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Personal Action ◽  
The Individual

The relative stability of many rates of suicide, particularly those of national groups, has for a long time been of interest to sociologists. Durkheim (1952), an early and major writer on suicide, used the fact of relative stability as an argument for the existence of a social dimension to individuals’ actions, even such an apparently personal action as suicide (Cresswell, 1972). Durkheim argued that each nation had a collective tendency towards suicide such that, providing the circumstances of the nation did not change in any essential way, its suicide rate also would not change. His followers, taking this sort of position as given, have related suicide rates to components of social structure or culture of the groups to which the rates refer (e.g. Gibbs & Martin, 1964). Such a procedure implies a relationship, not necessarily a specifically causal one, between suicide and the various aspects of society with which it is correlated. For the procedure to be potentially valid two major conditions must hold good. The first is that the aggregate numbers of ‘suicides’ which are used to compile suicide rates do actually represent the real number of suicidal deaths in a given population over a given period of time. This pre-supposes, of course, that some deaths have defining characteristics in their manner of occurrence which clearly demarcate them as suicide; given this, the problem is one of identification rather than of definition. The second condition is that since suicide rates are compiled from individual deaths, it should be possible to posit, if not actually demon-strate, a relationship between the social or cultural influences which are supposed to generate stable rates of suicide and the individual instances of suicide.

scholarly journals La società europea in costruzione

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Leonardi
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Social Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Sociological Approaches ◽  
The Individual

The social dimension has been neglected for a long time in the analysis of the change phenomena accompanying the European integration process. The proposed analysis tries to enhance the different sociological approaches to the study of the restrictions and factors favouring/hindering European integration and to how this, in turn, influences and structures social life, by looking to the social actors, institutions and models of behaviour, and to how the social relationships are configured in the European space. The structuring of European society is captured through analysis of the changes characterizing the European social model, the production of social inequalities, the relationship between citizenship and welfare, and the individual and collective social identity formation processes.

SOCIALIZATION AND SOCIAL QUALITY AS INSTRUMENTS OF THE STATE POLICY OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Valeriy HEYETS ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Social Quality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Individual

Self-realization of the individual in the conditions of using the policy of “social quality” as a modern tool of public administration in a transitional society is largely related to overcoming the existing limitations of the individual in acting in such a society and economy transitioning to a market character. Given that, in particular, in Ukraine the market is hybrid (and this is especially important), the existing limitations in self-realization of the individual must be overcome, including, and perhaps primarily, through transformations in the processes of socialization, which differ from European practices and institutions that ensure its implementation. Thus, it is a matter of overcoming not only and not so much the natural selfish interests of the individual, but the existing gap in skills, which are an invisible asset to ensure the endogenous nature of economic growth. It is shown that there is an inverse relationship between the formation of socialization and the policy of “social quality”, which is characterized by the dialectic of interaction between the individual and the group and which is a process of increasing the degree of socialization. The latter, due to interdependence, will serve to increase the effectiveness of interaction between the individual and the group, which expands the possibilities of self-realization of the individual in terms of European policy of “social quality” as a tool of public administration, whose successful application causes new challenges and content of the so-called secondary sociology. The logic of Ukraine's current development shows that new approaches are needed to achieve the social development goals set out in the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union and to minimize the potential risks and threats that accompany current reforms in Ukrainian society. They should introduce new forms of public administration to create policy interrelationships of all dimensions, as proposed, in particular, by the social quality approach to socialization, the nature of which has been revealed in the author's previous publications. As a result, the socio-cultural (social) dimension will fundamentally change, the structure of which must include the transformational processes of socialization of a person, thanks to which they will learn the basics of life in the new social reality and intensify their social and economic interaction on the basis of self-realization, thereby contributing to the success of state policy of social quality and achieving stable socio-economic development.

scholarly journals Podwójne życie tłumacza

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Gawlak
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Social Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Translator’s Double LifeThe manner of functioning of South Slavic literature translators in the social field is presented in the article as a case of “multiplied social participation”, participation in the “game”, which they treat as an incentive for cultural, intellectual and moral development in the individual and social dimension. Methodological considerations on the translation presented in the article are based on the concepts of Barnard Lahire, Pierre Bourdieu, and Roger Caillois.KEY WORDS: Bernard Lahire, Pierre Bourdieu, literary field, game, Roger Caillois, literary translation

Telling lies together? Sharing news as a form of social authentication

2020 ◽  
pp. 146144482093101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barui K Waruwu ◽  
Edson C Tandoc ◽  
Andrew Duffy ◽  
Nuri Kim ◽  
Rich Ling
Keyword(s):  
Social Dimension ◽  
Social Validation ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Categorization Theory ◽  
News Source ◽  
The Social ◽  
News Credibility ◽  
Information Verification ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social News

The increasingly assertive position of social media as a news source means that news audiences can no longer depend on traditional journalists for information verification. Instead, they must determine the news credibility on their own. The majority of information credibility studies have considered news audiences’ information evaluation as a purely cognitive endeavor, implying that individuals can arrive at valid information without social validation. By drawing on self-categorization theory, this article re-conceptualizes audiences’ acts of news authentication by considering it not as a one-off activity under the uncontested control of the individual, but as a cycle of collective authentication strategies whereby individual authentication and social validation are entangled in the context-dependent processing of social news. To do this, we unpacked the social dimension of news authentication by looking at the social motivation, strategies, as well as the consequences that support it through a series of focus group discussions in Singapore.

Suicide rates in Irish counties

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F Connolly ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Social Correlates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social

AbstractObjectives: This study was designed to explore the social correlates of the country suicide rate in Ireland.Method: Suicide rates for Irish counties were calculated for the period 1978-1984, a seven year period centred around the 1981 Census.Results: The county suicide rates were positively associated with death rates and the percentage of elderly population and negatively with change in population, the birth rate and the percentage of the population under the age of 15.Conclusions: There is good evidence to suggest that the official suicide rate in Ireland has been underestimated in the past. This underestimation may not have been uniform across all of the counties.

scholarly journals Process and Relation: Origins of the Autonomist Theory of Individuation

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
N.N. Tinus
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Continuous Formation ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Philosophy Of Dialogue ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
European Thought

Any political theory is built on the foundation of a certain ontology, an integral part of which is the problem of an individual. For a long time, the ontological primacy in the European thought was attached to the concept of an individual that was understood as a complete and selfsufficient unit. However, today one can talk about the growing popularity of the approach that views an individual as a relative reality in a state of continuous formation i.e., the process of individuation. This approach is developed by the Italian intellectuals, whose general ideological view is known as autonomism (P.Virno, M.Lazzarato, A.Negri etc.). The article examines the origins of the theory of individuation and its political implications within the autono mist thought. The first part of the article examines the ways of representing an individual in the ontologies of B.Spinoza and G.Simondon. The author demonstrates that the procedural and relational understanding of an individual proposed by these philosophers contributes to bridging the gap between the collective and the individual not only in politics, but also in thinking. An individual is a consequence of the concretization of the general and retains a connection with it. The second part analyzes the psychological and linguistic aspects of individuation, elaborated in L.Vygotsky’s psychology and M.Bakhtin’s philosophy of dialogue. Individuation is interpreted as a movement from the social to the individual, carried out with the help of various tools, primarily by the means of the language. The author evaluates the reception of these thinkers’ ideas in the context of autonomism. The author concludes that the autonomist concept of individuation is a synthetic theory that brings together the general aspects of the consi dered above schools of thought into a single perspective. In fact, the concept is a large-scale revision of the ontological and anthropological foundations of thinking about politics. Its goal is to destroy the idea of a “sovereign individual”, which was born within the liberal tradition, and, as a consequence, to liberate the sphere of the collective from the control of capital.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE USE OF GAMING PRACTICES AND PRINCIPLES OF GAMING IN THE TRAINING OF DENTAL PATIENTS IN A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Александр Чернавский ◽  
Aleksandr Chernavskiy ◽  
Ирина Русакова ◽  
Irina Rusakova ◽  
Иван Петров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Voluntary Activity ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Mental Maturity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Natural Element ◽  
Inner World ◽  
The Individual

Gaming learning is accepted in our society for a long time, practically from its inception and therefore has historical roots. The game is multifaceted, it allows you to successfully learn new skills for both children and adults. The game not only trains, develops, educates, but also socializes. An historical excursion shows that one of her first tasks is training. The substantiation of the use of gaming methods in psychotherapeutic and developmental psycho-correction work is given by many scientists working in the field of psychology. Methods of playing developmental psychocorrection and psychotherapy remain a very important tool that allows not only to study aspects of the child's and adult's inner world, but also, depending on the level of his mental maturity, social skills, cognitive and emotional processes, build interaction in the formation of the principles of a healthy lifestyle in patients of dental profile. Gaming psychotechnics are psychologically conditioned, a natural element of culture, which is a kind of voluntary activity of the individual, enriching the social experience of our patients, allowing one to master the norms and rules for preserving one's dental health through voluntary acceptance of a role, virtual simulation of the playing space and changing the conditions of one's own own being in society. The players perform the following functions: communicative; self-realization of a person; diagnostic; psychotherapeutic; psycho-corrective. Gaming psychotechnics allow you to escape from the paternalistic positions in communication with the patient, to form a request for maintaining your own health in the patient himself. The use of gambling practices and gaming promotes the consolidation and improvement of knowledge, the development of the psychological qualities of the individual, the development of the ability to find the best solutions for large and small patients in the formation of their health.

scholarly journals The Structural and Cultural Role to the Family House Hold of Self-employment Woman in Malang Regency, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Darsono Wisadirana
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Common Activity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cultural Role

Family is also the first pillar to meet the social, economic, psychological and culture aspect to the individual. In prostitution aspect, someone who decides to be self-employment woman can be known from the socialization style in the family. Because of that, it is important to know about family role and function in solving prostitution problem. Therefore, the problem is how the structural and cultural role is occupied by each family member in the daily life of house hold.This research aims to analyze the process of someone to be self-employment woman from the aspect of instilling the moral and norm by each family member, analyze the social relation in the family, one of whose member is a self-employment woman, and analyze the function which is acted by each member to the self-employment woman. This research used Functional Imperatives Talcott Parson theory to analyze the structural and cultural role of self-employment woman’s family. The methodology used in this case was qualitative research design.The result of the research shows the economic factor. Besides the factor of young marriage culture which causes the divorce. After divorce, the women start to work as self-employment woman. Lacking of the education awareness can be one of the causes in increasing the number of self-employment woman.Lacking of communication among the family can cause the parents are not able to keep the children from social deviation. Social deviation which has been occupied for long time can be human habit and common activity in society.

“Steamboat Sociality” along the Danube and the Black Sea (mid-1830s–mid-1850s)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-228
Author(s):  
Constantin Ardeleanu
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Social Encounters ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Early Phases

This paper explores the social dimension of cruising by looking at new forms of sociality created by the advent of steamboats along the Danube and in the Black Sea. Since a Viennese steamship company introduced cruises between Vienna and Istanbul in the mid-1830s, Austrian steamboats became a busy stage of diverse social encounters. The idea of ships as “floating spaces”, “historical arenas” or “contact zones” in which different cultures meet has been developed by scholars for a long time. Framed within the new mobilities paradigm, this paper details a large range of social interactions on board Austrian steamers based on the accounts of more than a dozen travellers who plied along the Vienna–Istanbul route in the mid-1830s to the mid-1850s. With sociality as an integral part of modern transportation, this paper analyses the early phases in the industrialisation and commodification of travelling and focuses on the social experiences that steamboat cruising provided to customers.

An Enactivist Approach to Web-based Learning

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Giuseppe De Simone ◽  
Diana Carmela Di Gennaro ◽  
Riccardo Fragnito
Keyword(s):  
Social Dimension ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Informal Knowledge ◽  
Web Based Learning ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Web

In the Web-based learning era, the possibility to use the online network for learning activities, studies and research has brought about a revolution in the educational processes and the emergence of a new culture characterized by the idea that knowledge is not closed and defined, but open and accessible to all. Within a perspective in which knowledge is generated by the interaction of the individual with the environment, the socio-constructivist approach paved the way to new theoretical frameworks that, starting from the social dimension of learning, acknowledge and embrace the biological aspects of learning processes, thus offering interesting reflections on the web-learning phenomenon. Stemming from these assumptions, LiveCampus was created; a social learning environment aimed at fostering a synergistic integration between the dimensions of formal and informal knowledge.

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