Correct regionalisation of a tissue primordium is essential for coordinated morphogenesis

During organ development, tubular organs often form from flat epithelial primordia. In the placodes of the forming tubes of the salivary glands in the Drosophila embryo, we previously identified spatially defined cell behaviours of cell wedging, tilting and cell intercalation that are key to the initial stages of tube formation. Here we address what the requirements are that ensure the continuous formation of a narrow symmetrical tube from an initially asymmetrical primordium whilst overall tissue geometry is constantly changing. We are using live-imaging and quantitative methods to compare wild-type placodes and mutants that either show disrupted cell behaviours or an initial symmetrical placode organisation, with both resulting in severe impairment of the invagination. We find that early transcriptional patterning of key morphogenetic transcription factors drives the selective activation of downstream morphogenetic modules, such as GPCR signalling that activates apical-medial actomyosin activity to drive cell wedging at the future asymmetrically-placed invagination point. Over time, transcription of key factors expands across the rest of the placode and cells switch their behaviour from predominantly intercalating to predominantly apically constricting as their position approaches the invagination pit. Misplacement or enlargement of the initial invagination pit leads to early problems in cell behaviours that eventually result in a defective organ shape. Our work illustrates that the dynamic patterning of the expression of transcription factors and downstream morphogenetic effectors ensures positionally fixed areas of cell behaviour with regards to the invagination point. This patterning in combination with the asymmetric geometrical set-up ensures functional organ formation.

A profissão docente durante a pandemia

O presente trabalho descreve as repercussões de um curso de formação continuada sobre as TDICs aplicadas às ferramentas digitais e suas potencialidades para o desenvolvimento das atividades educacionais em tempos de ensino remoto. A pandemia fez com a educação se reestruturasse e a busca por uma Alfabetização Tecnológica foi intensificada, uma vez que, as aulas presenciais foram paralisadas. Assim, buscando desenvolver uma educação ativa, centrada no desenvolvimento de situações de aprendizagem colaborativas, foi estruturado um curso de formação continuada com o objetivo de dialogar, por meio de ferramentas digitais, sobre os tensões e desafios que atingem a educação no tempo atual. O curso apresentou cerca de 29 ferramentas digitais distribuídas em oito encontros. Para esse trabalho, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa visando compreender as interações dos professores cursistas com três das ferramentas trabalhadas. A partir dessa análise, observou-se a importância de se trabalhar com as tecnologias na atualidade e de desenvolver práticas de ensino que estimulem um senso crítico e reflexivo dos estudantes. Ainda, o curso propiciou debates importantes sobre a (des)romantização da profissão docente e suas implicações na formação de professores utilizando as tecnologias trabalhadas, apontando para a necessidade de formação continuada no momento atual, sobretudo aquelas que discutem as múltiplas articulações entre as TDICs e a educação durante a pandemia. Palavras-chave: Ensino remoto. Formação continuada de professores. TDICs. The teaching profession during the pandemia: contributions of a continued formation course using dicts in education Abstract This paper describes the repercussions of a continued formation course about the DICTs applied to digital tools and their capabilities in the development of educational activities during remote teaching. The pandemic caused a reorganization in the educational area and the search for a Technological Literacy was intensified as the presential classes were paralised. Therefore, aiming to develop an active education centered on the development of situations tackling collaborative learning, a course of continued formation was created to propose a reflection between the use of digital tools and the tensions and challenges in education during recent times. The course presented around 29 digital tools distributed in eight meetings. In this paper, a qualitative research was conducted to comprehend the interactions between teachers and three of these tools. From this analysis, it is possible to observe the importance of working with technologies and develop teaching strategies that stimulate a critical and reflexive sense in students, especially nowadays. Also, the course facilitated important debates de-romanticizing what it means to be a teacher and its implications in the formation of new teachers from the usage of these technologies, pointing the necessity of a continuous formation, especially those that discusses the many articulations between DICTs and the development of an education that brings teacher leadership upfront. Keywords: Remote teaching. Continued formation of teachers. DICTs.

The System of Continuous Formation and Development of Entrepreneurial Skills

In the new economic reality and global transformations, new scenarios of professions and jobs that are not taught anywhere are emerging. In the modern world, knowledge as well as some professions become obsolete very quickly. In this situation, the so-called "soft skills" such as the ability of problem solving with the comprehensive approach, critical thinking, initiative and creativity come to the fore. They are these skills that remain with a person for the rest of their life and help them retrain, find themselves in new professions, adapt to changing living conditions. In our opinion, these skills are formed successfully, when scientific researches in the course of training are conducted, various projects that form entrepreneurial skills are developed. The introduction of a research component and project-based training into educational programs will help those who are looking for a new job now, in the crisis, or in the future. Automation of production processes and robotization go on continuously and increase the role of people, forcing them to compete in creativity and mastering new skills. At the same time, it is important to understand that the formation of skills, and in particular soft skills, is a long process. Therefore, in this study, special attention is paid to the consistency and continuity of training programs for young entrepreneurs, starting from the age of 12. A systematic approach, the interrelated modules and the gradual deepening of knowledge will allow to form a professional with an entrepreneurial mindset. The directions of formation of key entrepreneurial skills are considered (formation and development of interest among young people in entrepreneurial activity; formation of basic skills aimed at creating their own entrepreneurial project; formation and development of entrepreneurial competencies among young people on the basis of an individual educational training; involvement of young people in entrepreneurial activity). The necessary conditions and obstacles to the implementation of the suggested system are justified.

Robust flight mode transition control for tail-sitter formation flying with communication delays

In this article, the formation control problem is investigated for a team of unmanned tail-sitters subject to communication delays. A robust distributed and continuous formation control scheme is developed to achieve the desired aggressive time-varying formation flying in flight mode transitions between forward and vertical flights. The proposed control method consists of a translational controller and a rotational controller for each individual tail-sitter to govern the position and attitude motions, respectively. It is proven that the formation system stability can be guaranteed in the presence of communication delays and multiple uncertainties. Simulation results are presented for a team of tail-sitters to illustrate the advantages of the proposed formation flight control algorithm.

Stabilizing Li-metal host anode with LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase

The development of lithium (Li)-metal anode is high priority research to initiate next-generation Li batteries. Applying Li-metal in practical applications as anode still has many hurdles to clear away, such as low Coulombic efficiency and capacity degradation by the continuous formation of dead Li. We demonstrate that cobalt (Co) nanoparticle incorporation in a porous carbon host anode can play a critical role in the formation of a thick lithium fluoride dominated solid-electrolyte interphase in ether-based electrolyte. As a result, the host anode containing Co nanoparticles shows excellent electrochemical performance with high Li-metal reversible capacity and even stable long-term cyclability with no dead Li formation.

Hydrogen Bond-Assisted Ultra-Stable and Fast Aqueous NH4+ Storage

Aqueous ammonium ion batteries are regarded as eco-friendly and sustainable energy storage systems. And applicable host for NH4+ in aqueous solution is always in the process of development. On the basis of density functional theory calculations, the excellent performance of NH4+ insertion in Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) is proposed, especially for copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF). In this work, we prove the outstanding cycling and rate performance of CuHCF via electrochemical analyses, delivering no capacity fading during ultra-long cycles of 3000 times and high capacity retention of 93.6% at 50 C. One of main contributions to superior performance from highly reversible redox reaction and structural change is verified during the ammoniation/de-ammoniation progresses. More importantly, we propose the NH4+ diffusion mechanism in CuHCF based on continuous formation and fracture of hydrogen bonds from a joint theoretical and experimental study, which is another essential reason for rapid charge transfer and superior NH4+ storage. Lastly, a full cell by coupling CuHCF cathode and polyaniline anode is constructed to explore the practical application of CuHCF. In brief, the outstanding aqueous NH4+ storage in cubic PBAs creates a blueprint for fast and sustainable energy storage.

Characteristics of Collapse Accumulation Body in Roadway and Numerical Simulation of Rescue Channel Excavation

After the coal mine disaster, the collapsed accumulation body blocked the roadway and interrupted the rescue route, which seriously affected the development of rescue. Based on the post-disaster blockage rescue route of the collapsed accumulation body, the morphology and structural characteristics of the accumulation body were analyzed, and the process of excavating the rescue channel in the collapsed accumulation body in the mining roadway was simulated using CDEM software, and the moving mode of accumulation body fragments was discussed. The study found that: the formation of the accumulation body is the process of continuous “self-organization” adjustment of the rock fragments; the accumulation body along the direction of the roadway axis is divided into three areas: pre-sorting accumulation area, post-sorting accumulation area, and non-sorting accumulation area; the particle size of the accumulation body-particle content conforms to the normal distribution; the harder the rock fragments constituting the accumulation body is, the particle size of the fragments is more different; the number of contact points of the fragments of the tightly accumulation body is more than that of the loose accumulation body; the excavation of the rescue channel is accompanied by the random “self-organization” movement of the accumulated body; the settlement and deformation of the accumulated body is actually the continuous collapse of the old arch structure, and the process of continuous formation of a new arch structure; the initial force of the rescue channel excavation is small, then it increases sharply, and finally stabilizes; the fragment adjustment forms are mainly divided into horizontal movement adjustment, vertical movement adjustment, rotation movement adjustment, and multi-directional movement adjustment. The research conclusion has certain guiding significance for the rescue channel excavation under the condition that the collapsed accumulation body blocks the roadway after the coal mine disaster.

Multifactorial approach to preparing Russian young people for a future profession

This article examines the theory and practice of a multi-level system of continuous innovative education. The pedagogical system of multilevel continuous creative education is considered in detail, and sufficient creative pedagogical methods are put forward for the formation of creative thinking and the development of students' creative abilities. Creative approach provides teachers and students with intellectual tools for the formation of creative systems thinking, teaches them to look at the world systematically and manage thought processes. Innovative teaching methods in the continuous formation of a multilevel system of creative thinking provide the basic principles of teaching by changing the structure of the lessons and implementing their original content. Using them, it is possible to significantly accelerate the solution of a pressing problem in Russia: formation of a creative personality of students.

Process and Relation: Origins of the Autonomist Theory of Individuation

Any political theory is built on the foundation of a certain ontology, an integral part of which is the problem of an individual. For a long time, the ontological primacy in the European thought was attached to the concept of an individual that was understood as a complete and selfsufficient unit. However, today one can talk about the growing popularity of the approach that views an individual as a relative reality in a state of continuous formation i.e., the process of individuation. This approach is developed by the Italian intellectuals, whose general ideological view is known as autonomism (P.Virno, M.Lazzarato, A.Negri etc.). The article examines the origins of the theory of individuation and its political implications within the autono mist thought. The first part of the article examines the ways of representing an individual in the ontologies of B.Spinoza and G.Simondon. The author demonstrates that the procedural and relational understanding of an individual proposed by these philosophers contributes to bridging the gap between the collective and the individual not only in politics, but also in thinking. An individual is a consequence of the concretization of the general and retains a connection with it. The second part analyzes the psychological and linguistic aspects of individuation, elaborated in L.Vygotsky’s psychology and M.Bakhtin’s philosophy of dialogue. Individuation is interpreted as a movement from the social to the individual, carried out with the help of various tools, primarily by the means of the language. The author evaluates the reception of these thinkers’ ideas in the context of autonomism. The author concludes that the autonomist concept of individuation is a synthetic theory that brings together the general aspects of the consi dered above schools of thought into a single perspective. In fact, the concept is a large-scale revision of the ontological and anthropological foundations of thinking about politics. Its goal is to destroy the idea of a “sovereign individual”, which was born within the liberal tradition, and, as a consequence, to liberate the sphere of the collective from the control of capital.

Situações-problema mediadoras de articulações CTS no Ensino de Ciências

In the present work, we focus on evaluating the potential use of problem situations as a didactic and pedagogical strategy to the insertion of the STS approach in the context of the final years of elementary school. It is an action research, developed during a continuous formation of science teachers, in the format of a study collective. Together with the teachers, we developed four projects with students from sixth to ninth grade, totaling over 1500 students. We resorted to discursive textual analysis for the apprehension of pertinent aspects to the STS approach, which allowed us to realize that the proposal proved to be subject to discussions and articulations about science, technology and/or society; favored the process of appropriation of scientific knowledge, ie, it provided scientific literacy and led to awareness and/or decision making, that is, provided the exercise of citizenship.