Women's childhood experience of parental separation and their subsequent health and socioeconomic status in adulthood

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Kuh ◽  
Mavis Maclean
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Lower Educational Attainment

SummaryThe long term consequences for women of parental divorce and separation in childhood are explored using data from a national, prospective, longitudinal survey. In comparison with women who suffered no parental loss, parental divorce is associated with lower educational attainment and occupational status, poorer mental health, higher alcohol consumption and higher rates of remarriage. Links with earlier signs of emotional disturbance and current levels of stress are explored.

Labor Market Effects of Marijuana and Cocaine Use among Young Men

ILR Review ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Register ◽  
Donald R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
National Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Productivity Effect ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Using Data

Using data on marijuana and cocaine use from the 1984 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the authors examine the hypothesis that drug use reduces labor market productivity, as measured by wages. From an analysis that controls for the probability of employment and the endogeneity of drug use, they find that although long-term and on-the-job use of marijuana negatively affected wages, the net productivity effect for all marijuana users (both those who engaged in long-term or on-the-job use and those who did not) was positive. No statistically significant association was found between cocaine use and productivity.

scholarly journals Change and stability: Within-person life satisfaction over a 20-year period using data from the HUNT survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482095743
Author(s):  
Frode Lysberg ◽  
Tomas Bjerregaard Bertelsen ◽  
Cathrine Lysberg ◽  
Magnhild Høie ◽  
Geir Arild Espnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Two Age Groups

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate within-person life satisfaction (LS) dynamics for two age groups, 20–29 and 30–39 years, from 1984 to 1986 and to follow them over a 20-year period. Methods: Data from 1984 to 2008 were extracted from the large, prospective, longitudinal North-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), Norway. This paper includes data from more than 14,500 persons. Data were analysed using logistic regression, and LS dynamics were modelled using gender, time and self-rated health. Results: The analyses revealed that about 20% of people in these age groups had a stable level in LS, also known as set point. Long-term LS change, defined as ⩾2 SDs, was reported for 9% and 6% of people in the youngest and oldest age groups, respectively. A large proportion of more than 70% of people had fluctuations in their LS over a 20-year period. A significant decrease in within-person LS was seen for the age groups from 1984–86 to 1995–97 where a significant increase appeared from 1995–97 to 2006–08. For the initial 20–29 age group, the odds of having a higher score increased by 34%, and for the initial 30–39 age group, the within-person LS increase was 81%. Self-rated health was the most crucial variable influencing within-person LS. Conclusions: These findings suggest that a significant proportion of the responders had a long-term within-person LS change over the 20-year period.

Employee Responses to Compensation Changes: Evidence from a Sales Firm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Sandvik ◽  
Richard Saouma ◽  
Nathan Seegert ◽  
Christopher Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Call Center ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Employee Responses

What are the long-term consequences of compensation changes? Using data from an inbound sales call center, we study employee responses to a compensation change that ultimately reduced take-home pay by 7% for the average affected worker. The change caused a significant increase in the turnover rate of the firm’s most productive employees, but the response was relatively muted for less productive workers. On-the-job performance changes were minimal among workers who remained at the firm. We quantify the cost of losing highly productive employees and find that their heightened sensitivity to changes in compensation limits managers’ ability to adjust incentives. Our results speak to a driver of compensation rigidity and the difficulty managers face when setting compensation. This paper was accepted by Lamar Pierce, organizations.

Consent, capacity and compliance in concussion management: cave ergo medicus (let the doctor beware)

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-102108
Author(s):  
Michael Turner ◽  
David Maddocks ◽  
Majid Hassan ◽  
Adrian Anderson ◽  
Paul McCrory
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

While the acute effects of concussion and mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) are well understood, the certainty in the medical literature regarding the long-term outcomes of sports-related concussion is limited. Long-term deficits that may result from single, repeated concussions, and possibly subconcussive impacts, include cognitive dysfunction, depression and executive dysfunction. Perhaps most troublingly, repetitive head impacts have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), although the precise risk of long-term consequences remains unknown. CTE represents a distinct tauopathy with an unknown incidence in athletic populations; however, a cause and effect relationship has not yet been demonstrated between CTE and concussions or between CTE and exposure to contact sports, as no prospective longitudinal studies have been performed to address that question. Studies of high-school sports exposure and long-term outcomes have not demonstrated consistent findings.Medical advice regarding return to play and the risk of acute and/or long-term consequences is therefore problematic. It is important that the individual’s right to make their own choices regarding their health is respected. Team, coach, parental, peer or financial pressures should not influence this decision. The choice to return to play after a concussion or mild TBI injury is the athlete’s decision once they have (1) recovered from their injury and have the legal capacity to make an informed decision; (2) been medically assessed and (3) been informed of any possible long-term risks in a language that they can understand.Given the current lack of certainty in relation to long-term outcomes from concussion, is it possible to provide a framework to inform players of current evidence, as part of a consent process, even if the information upon which the decision to return to sport is based remains uncertain and evolving?

The Integrated Cognitive Antisocial Potential (ICAP) Theory

2018 ◽  
pp. 172-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Farrington ◽  
Tara Renae McGee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

This chapter describes an empirical test of the integrated cognitive antisocial potential (ICAP) theory based on the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD), which is a prospective longitudinal survey of 411 South London males beginning at age 8 years. It describes the ICAP theory and its contrasting of between-individual differences in long-term antisocial potential and within-individual variations in short-term antisocial potential. The chapter then describes the CSDD, its research on two generations of males, and its measurement of comparable risk factors in the two generations. A new test of the development of long-term antisocial potential in the ICAP theory is then presented. This chapter concludes that predictions from the ICAP theory have generally been supported.

Barriers to Physical Activity in Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Langguth ◽  
Tanja Könen ◽  
Simone Matulis ◽  
Regina Steil ◽  
Caterina Gawrilow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Age Range

During adolescence, physical activity (PA) decreases with potentially serious, long-term consequences for physical and mental health. Although barriers have been identified as an important PA correlate in adults, research on adolescents’ PA barriers is lacking. Thus reliable, valid scales to measure adolescents’ PA barriers are needed. We present two studies describing a broad range of PA barriers relevant to adolescents with a multidimensional approach. In Study 1, 124 adolescents (age range = 12 – 24 years) reported their most important PA barriers. Two independent coders categorized those barriers. The most frequent PA barriers were incorporated in a multidimensional questionnaire. In Study 2, 598 adolescents (age range = 13 – 21 years) completed this questionnaire and reported their current PA, intention, self-efficacy, and negative outcome expectations. Seven PA barrier dimensions (leisure activities, lack of motivation, screen-based sedentary behavior, depressed mood, physical health, school workload, and preconditions) were confirmed in factor analyses. A multidimensional approach to measuring PA barriers in adolescents is reliable and valid. The current studies provide the basis for developing individually tailored interventions to increase PA in adolescents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document