Trends in fertility and intermarriage among immigrant populations in Western Europe as measures of integration

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Host Population ◽  
West Indians ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Immigrant Populations ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All

SummaryDemographic data on fertility and intermarriage are useful measures of integration and assimilation. This paper reviews trends in total fertility and intermarriage of foreign populations in Europe and compares them with the trends in fertility of the host population and the sending country. In almost all cases fertility has declined. The fertility of most European immigrant populations and of some West Indian and non-Muslim Asian populations has declined to a period level at or below that of the host society. Muslim populations from Turkey, North Africa and South Asia have shown the least decline. Intermarriage is proceeding faster than might be expected in immigrant populations which seemed in economic terms to be imperfectly integrated. Up to 40% of West Indians born in the UK, for example, appear to have white partners as do high proportions of young Maghrebians in France.

Listeriosis

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. McLauchlin
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Considerable Economic Loss

Listeriosis occurs in a variety of animals including humans, and most often affects the pregnant uterus, the central nervous system (CNS) or the bloodstream. During pregnancy, infection spreads to the foetus, which will either be born severely ill or die in-utero. In non-pregnant animals, listeriosis usually presents as meningitis, encephalitis. In humans, infection most often occurs in the immunocompromised and elderly, and to a lesser extent the pregnant woman, the unborn, or the newly delivered infant. Infection can be treated successfully with antibiotics, however 20–40% of human cases are fatal..In domestic animals (especially in sheep and goats) listeriosis usually presents as encephalitis, abortion, or septicaemia, and is a cause of considerable economic loss.The genus Listeria comprises six species of Gram-positive bacteria. Almost all cases of listeriosis are due to Listeria monocytogenes although up to 10% of cases in sheep are due to Listeria ivanovii.Listeriae are ubiquitous in the environment worldwide, especially in sites with decaying organic vegetable material. Many animals carry the organism in the faeces without serious infection. The consumption of contaminated food or feed is the principal route of transmission for both humans and animals, however other means of transmission occur.Human listeriosis is rare (<1 to > 10 cases per million people in North America and Western Europe), but because of the high mortality rate, it is amongst the most important causes of death from food-borne infections in industrialized countries. In the UK, human listeriosis is the biggest single cause of death from a preventable food-borne disease. Listeriosis in domestic animals is a cause of considerable economic loss. Control measures should be directed towards both to exclude Listeria from food or feed as well as inhibiting its multiplication and survival. Silage which is spoiled or mouldy should not be used, and care should be taken to maintain anaerobic conditions for as long as possible.Dietary advice is available for disease prevention, particularly targeted at ‘at risk’ individuals to modify their diet to avoid eating specific foods such as soft cheese and pâté.

scholarly journals Professional education among haemophilia nurses: a survey of current practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Simon Fletcher ◽  
Steve Chaplin ◽  
Cathy Harrison ◽  
Kristian Juusola ◽  
Norma Collins
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All

AbstractBackground:Guidance from the European Association for Haemophilia and Allied Disorders (EAHAD) sets out the educational milestones haemophilia nurses should aim to achieve. However, little is known about the resources nurses use for education and current awareness.Aims:To assess the current educational level of haemophilia nurses, how and where they access ongoing education, where they feel they need extra support, and how best this teaching could be delivered.Methods:Haemophilia nurses in the Haemnet Horizons group devised and piloted a questionnaire. This was distributed in hard copy to nurses attending the 2019 EAHAD Congress and promoted as an online survey hosted by Survey Monkey.Results:Seventy-five replies were received from nurses in Europe (46 in the UK), and two from nurses in Chile and the Philippines. Most described their role as ‘specialist nurse’, with the majority having worked in haemophilia care for up to ten years. Half had a nursing degree and one quarter had a nursing diploma. Three quarters had attended at least one course specifically related to haemophilia nursing. Almost all used academic sources, study days and the websites of health profession organisations as information sources. Most also used Google or Wikipedia, but fewer used Twitter. Patient association websites were more popular among non-UK nurses. About half attended sponsored professional meetings and three quarters reported that educational meetings were available in their workplace. A clear majority preferred interactive and face-to-face activities using patient-focused content.Conclusions:The study shows that nurses, predominantly in Western Europe, access a range of educational resources, most of which are ‘traditional’. Use of online sources is high, but social media are less popular than Google or Wikipedia. Further research is needed to explore the potential of new media for haemophilia nurse education, and whether the current educational levels and needs highlighted in the survey remains the same across the whole of Europe.

scholarly journals Soy product consumption in 10 European countries: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (6b) ◽  
pp. 1217-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Keinan-Boker ◽  
PHM Peeters ◽  
AA Mulligan ◽  
C Navarro ◽  
N Slimani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Adjusted Means ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Prospective Investigation

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to describe the variation of soy product intake in 10 European countries by using a standardised reference dietary method. A subsidiary aim was to characterise the pattern of soy consumption among a sub-group of participants with a habitual health-conscious lifestyle (HHL), i.e. non-meat eaters who are fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans.Design:A 24-hour dietary recall interview (24-HDR) was conducted among a sample (5–12%) of all cohorts (n = 36 900) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Study participants totalled 35 955 after exclusion of subjects younger than 35 or older than 74 years of age. Soy products were subdivided into seven sub-groups by similarity. Distribution of consumption and crude and adjusted means of intake were computed per soy product group across countries. Intake of soy products was also investigated among participants with an HHL.Results:In total, 195 men and 486 women reported consuming soy products in the 24-HDR interview. Although soy product intake was generally low across all countries, the highest intake level was observed in the UK, due to over-sampling of a large number of participants with an HHL. The most frequently consumed soy foods were dairy substitutes in the UK and France and beans and sprouts among mid-European countries. For both genders, the sub-group of soy dairy substitutes was consumed in the highest quantities (1.2 g day−1 for men; 1.9 g day−1 for women). Participants with an HHL differed substantially from others with regard to demographic, anthropometric and nutritional factors. They consumed higher quantities of almost all soy product groups.Conclusions:Consumption of soy products is low in centres in Western Europe. Soy dairy substitutes are most frequently consumed. Participants with an HHL form a distinct sub-group with higher consumptions of fruit, vegetables, legumes, cereals and soy products compared with the other participants.

scholarly journals Trends in adolescent drinking across 39 high-income countries: exploring the timing and magnitude of decline

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakhi Vashishtha ◽  
Amy Pennay ◽  
Paul Dietze ◽  
Melvin Barrientos Marzan ◽  
Robin Room ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
High Income ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Adolescent Drinking ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Relative Change

Abstract Background Evidence suggests adolescent alcohol consumption has declined since the turn of the millennium in almost all high-income countries. However, differences in the timing and magnitude of the decline have not been explored across countries. Methods We examined trends in adolescent past month or monthly alcohol consumption prevalence from cross-national or national survey reports for 39 countries and four US territories. For each country, we calculated the magnitude of the decline in youth drinking as the relative change in prevalence from the peak year to the most recent year available. Heat maps were utilized to present the timing and magnitudes of these declines. Results The timing and extent of youth drinking declines have varied markedly across countries. The decline began in the USA before 1999, followed by Northern European countries in the early 2000s; Western Europe and Australasia in the mid-2000s. The steepest declines were found for Northern Europe and the UK, and the shallowest declines were observed in Eastern and Southern European countries. Conclusions Previous analyses of the decline in adolescent drinking have emphasized the wide reach of the changes and their near-coincidence in time. Our analysis points to the other side of the picture that there were limits to the wide reach, and that there was considerable variation in timing. These findings suggest that as well as broader explanations that stretch across countries, efforts to explain recent trends in adolescent drinking should also consider factors specific to countries and regions.

The Parent’s Experience of Clubfoot Diagnosis Across the UK

Ultrasound ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
Ros S Shelton ◽  
Sue Banton
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
Congenital Talipes Equinovarus ◽  
Common Complaint ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Talipes Equinovarus ◽  
Congenital Talipes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All

This study presents a UK-wide snapshot of the experiences of families of children with idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV). 111 families with 112 affected children completed a questionnaire containing open and closed questions about demographic data, diagnosis, treatment, and support, from 50 of 72 UK counties. All children were born between July 2002 and June 2007. CTEV was diagnosed prenatally in 81 (72%) infants. Most families (73, 66%) felt that the prenatal care they received could have been improved. The most common complaint (38 families) was lack of information at the time of diagnosis. The most common reaction (50 families) was shock or distress. A comparison between modes of information delivery revealed that prenatal consultations and leaflets were commonly provided but that families preferred prenatal consultations, the internet, and a DVD. Almost all families (102 out of 111, 92%) who responded said they sought information independently. Most families (84%) used the internet and some were distressed by what they found. We conclude that the experience of families when a child is diagnosed with CTEV during the 20-week prenatal ultrasound scan is less stressful when good quality information is provided or when families are signposted to reputable sources.

Peculiarities of the Attitude of the Host Population of St. Petersburg to Migrants

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
V. K. Potemkin ◽  
I. O. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Host Society

This article examines the attitude of the host population of St. Petersburg to migrants. Studying the attitudes of the host society, the population of St. Petersburg, allows us to reveal the completeness of the process of adaptation and integration of migrants. The article compares the results of two surveys of St. Petersburg residents conducted by the authors in 2012 and 2020. Social distance, attitudes towards migrants, and opinions on the integration of migrants are analyzed in the article.

Diploma Democracy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bovens ◽  
Anchrit Wille
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Organized Interests ◽  
Political Office ◽  
Political Meritocracy ◽  
Almost All

Lay politics lies at the heart of democracy. Political offices are the only offices for which no formal qualifications are required. Contemporary political practices are diametrically opposed to this constitutional ideal. Most contemporary democracies in Western Europe are diploma democracies—ruled by those with the highest formal qualifications. Citizens with low or medium educational qualification levels currently make up about 70 per cent of the electorates, yet they have become virtually absent from almost all political arenas. University graduates have come to dominate all relevant political institutions and venues, from political parties, parliaments and cabinets, to organized interests, deliberative settings, and internet consultations. This rise of a political meritocracy is part of larger trend. In the information society, educational background, like class, or religion, is an important source of social and political divides. Those who are well educated tend to be cosmopolitans, whereas the lesser educated citizens are more likely to be nationalists. This book documents the context, contours, and consequences of this rise of a political meritocracy. It explores the domination of higher educated citizens in political participation, civil society, and political office in Western Europe. It discusses the consequences of this rise of political meritocracy, such as descriptive deficits, policy incongruences, biased standards, and cynicism and distrust. Also, it looks at ways to remedy, or at least mitigate, some of the negative effects of diploma democracy.

scholarly journals Rain Erosion Maps for Wind Turbines Based on Geographical Locations: A Case Study in Ireland and Britain

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pugh ◽  
M. M. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
The Uk

AbstractErosion rates of wind turbine blades are not constant, and they depend on many external factors including meteorological differences relating to global weather patterns. In order to track the degradation of the turbine blades, it is important to analyse the distribution and change in weather conditions across the country. This case study addresses rainfall in Western Europe using the UK and Ireland data to create a relationship between the erosion rate of wind turbine blades and rainfall for both countries. In order to match the appropriate erosion data to the meteorological data, 2 months of the annual rainfall were chosen, and the differences were analysed. The month of highest rain, January and month of least rain, May were selected for the study. The two variables were then combined with other data including hailstorm events and locations of wind turbine farms to create a general overview of erosion with relation to wind turbine blades.

scholarly journals Conflict antiquities’ rescue or ransom: The cost of buying back stolen cultural property in contexts of political violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Samuel Andrew Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Revenue Streams ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Safe Zones

Abstract Rescue has long been a defense for the removal of cultural property. Since the explosion of iconoclasm in West Asia, North Africa, and West Africa, there has been a growing demand for cultural property in danger zones to be “rescued” by being purchased and given “asylum” in “safe zones” (typically, in the market countries of Western Europe and North America). This article reviews evidence from natural experiments with the “rescue” of looted antiquities and stolen artifacts from across Asia and Europe. Unsurprisingly, the evidence reaffirms that “rescue” incentivizes looting, smuggling, and corruption, as well as forgery, and the accompanying destruction of knowledge. More significantly, “rescue” facilitates the laundering of “ordinary” illicit assets and may contribute to revenue streams of criminal organizations and violent political organizations; it may even weaken international support for insecure democracies. Ultimately, “rescue” by purchase appears incoherent, counter-productive, and dangerous for the victimized communities that it purports to support.

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