ALLOSTATIC LOAD AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN POLISH ADULT MEN

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA LIPOWICZ ◽  
ALICJA SZKLARSKA ◽  
ROBERT M. MALINA
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Physiological Dysregulation ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

SummaryThis study considers the relationship between a cumulative index of biological dysregulation (allostatic load) and several dimensions of socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyle in adult Polish males. The extent to which lifestyle variables can explain SES variation in allostatic load was also evaluated. Participants were 3887 occupationally active men aged 25–60 years living in cities and villages in the Silesia region of Poland. The allostatic load indicator included eleven markers: % fat (adverse nutritional intake), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (cardiovascular activity), FEV1 (lung function), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (inflammatory processes), glucose and total cholesterol (cardiovascular disease risk), total plasma protein (stress-haemoconcentration), bilirubin, creatinine clearance and alkaline phosphatase activity (hepatic and renal functions). A higher level of completed education, being married and residing in an urban area were associated with lower physiological dysregulation. The association between indicators of SES and allostatic load was not eliminated or attenuated when unhealthy lifestyle variables were included in the model. Smoking status and alcohol consumption played minimal roles in explaining the association between SES and allostatic load; physical activity, however, had a generally protective effect on allostatic load.

scholarly journals Predicting 10-year cardiovascular risk using WHO/ISH risk prediction chart among urban population in Salem

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5228
Author(s):  
K. Premanandh ◽  
R. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Very High

Background: Coronary vascular disease (CVD) risk estimation tools are a simple means of identifying those at high risk in a community and hence a potentially cost-effective strategy for CVD prevention in resource-poor countries. The WHO /ISH risk prediction charts provide approximate estimates of cardiovascular disease risk in people who do not have established coronary heart disease, stroke or other atherosclerotic disease.Methods: A total of 280 subjects between 40 to 70 years of age were included in this cross sectional study. Eligible households was selected randomly (every 5th household) for the interview using systematic random sampling. Age, gender, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, presence or absence of diabetes and total serum cholesterol were used to compute the total CVD risk using WHO/ISH CVD risk prediction chart. The chart stratify an individual into low (<10%), moderate (10% to <20%), high (20% to <30%), and very high (>30%) risk groups.Results: Moderate and high CVD risk were 12.14% and 7.5% respectively. Of total study participants, 2.5% had very high risk (>40%). High risk (binge drinking) alcohol drinkers (p=0.04) and abdominal obesity (p=0.0001) were significantly associated with higher CVD risk. Higher prevalence of behavioral risk factors was also reported in our study population.Conclusions: A large proportion of the population is at moderate and high cardiovascular risk. Risk stratification and identification of individuals with a high risk for CHD who could potentially benefit from intensive primary prevention efforts are critically important in reducing the burden of CVD in India.

Abstract P133: Modeling Smoking in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin M Nance ◽  
Joseph A Delaney ◽  
Michael Blaha ◽  
Gregory Burke ◽  
Joel D Kaufman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Intensity Effect ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Smoking Exposure

Objectives: Smoking exposure can be measured in a variety of ways including duration, intensity (cigarettes /day), and the product of these known as pack-years. How these variables should be combined to best model smoking as an exposure in cardiovascular (CVD) studies is not clear. Methods: The MESA study is a cohort of 6814 participants initially free of clinical heart disease at baseline in 2000-2002. MESA collected questionnaire data on smoking duration, intensity, and pack-years. Initial models were stratified by current versus former smoking status, with a second set of models that pooled all participants and controlled for status. Generalized additive models for time to incident CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke, and CVD death) were used to investigate the functional form of each aspect of smoking. Cox models were used to investigate the hazard ratio (HR) of each exposure definition of smoking on time to event. Models were compared which used intensity and duration alone, in combination, and expressed as pack-years. The interaction between duration and intensity was also tested. All models were adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. We summarized model performance using the pseudo- R 2 statistic and the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC). Results: There were 2487 former and 887 current smokers at baseline, with 370 incident CVD events over a median of 8.5 years. There was no significant non-linearity detected for intensity, duration or pack-years with respect to CVD risk. Among the former smokers none of duration, intensity, and pack-years was significant. Among the current smokers, only intensity was significant (HR for cigarettes/day 1.03, p=0.005). There was no evidence of an interaction between intensity and duration. Among current smokers, the model including intensity alone had an R 2 of 0.24 and AUC of 0.697. The model adding duration had very similar results with an R 2 of 0.24 and AUC of 0.698. The model with pack-years had worse performance than the model with intensity alone, with an R 2 of 0.19 and AUC of 0.662. In the model pooling all participants, former smoking and duration were non-significant, while current smoking (HR 2.0, p<.001), intensity (HR packs/day 2.0, p<.001) and the interaction of former smoking status and intensity (HR 0.57, p=0.005) were significant. The interaction indicates that intensity is only important for current smokers. Other outcomes were also examined including coronary heart disease (CHD) and the findings were very consistent. Conclusions: For CVD risk, only current smoking intensity at baseline is significant. Adding duration to the model does not add information, and use of the pack-years variable results in a loss of information since it does not estimate the intensity effect as accurately. These results suggest that lowering or limiting current smoking would lower CVD risk, regardless of cumulative smoking exposure.

scholarly journals The impact of a gender-specific physical activity intervention on the fitness and fatness profile of men in Ireland

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1154-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Kelly ◽  
Michael Harrison ◽  
Noel Richardson ◽  
Paula Carroll ◽  
Steve Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Background Amid increasing concerns about rising obesity rates and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, physical activity (PA) is seen as a prophylactic to many chronic conditions affecting men. Men respond best to community-based PA programmes, using gender-specific promotional and delivery strategies. ‘Men on the Move’ (MOM) was developed on this basis and targeted inactive adult men in Ireland. Methods Sedentary men (n = 927; age = 50.7 ± 10.9 years; weight = 92.7 ± 16.0 kg; METS = 6.06 ± 2.13) were recruited across eight counties: four ‘intervention group’ (IG; n = 501) and four ‘comparison-in-waiting group’ (CG; n = 426). The MOM programme involved structured group exercise twice weekly for 12 weeks (W), along with health-related workshops with the groups maintained up to 52 W. Primary outcome measures [aerobic fitness, bodyweight and waist circumference (WC)] together with self-administered questionnaires were used to gather participant data at baseline, 12, 26 and 52 W. Results Results show a net positive effect on aerobic fitness, bodyweight and WC, with significant (P &lt; 0.05) net change scores observed in the IG compared to the CG (METS: 12 W = +2.20, 26 W = +1.89, 52 W = +0.92; weight: 12 W = −1.72 kg, 26 W = −1.95 kg, 52 W = −1.89 kg; WC: 12 W = −4.54 cm, 26 W = −2.69 cm, 52 W = −3.16 cm). The corresponding reduction in cardiovascular disease risk is particularly significant in the context of a previously inactive and overweight cohort. The high ‘dropout’ (42.7% presenting at 52 W), however, is of particular concern, with ‘dropouts’ having lower levels of aerobic fitness and higher bodyweight/WC at baseline. Conclusions Notwithstanding dropout issues, findings address an important gap in public health practice by informing the translational scale-up of a small controllable gender-specific PA intervention, MOM, to a national population-based PA intervention targeting inactive men.

Pathways from childhood intelligence and socioeconomic status to late-life cardiovascular disease risk.

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Hagger-Johnson ◽  
René Mõttus ◽  
Leone C. A. Craig ◽  
John M. Starr ◽  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Late Life

scholarly journals Type D personality, lifestyle habits, and cardiovascular disease risk: A mediational model

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Almudena Carneiro-Barrera ◽  
María Valdés-Díaz ◽  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Testal
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Type D Personality ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Type D ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: The interaction of negative affect and stable social inhibition traits (Type D personality) is related to unhealthy lifestyle habits and cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether lifestyle habits mediate the relationship between Type D personality and blood pressure (BP) as a cardiovascular risk factor. A total of 91 participants (54.90% women) aged over 45 were assessed with measures of subjective health, Type D personality, lifestyle habits and BP.  The Baron and Kenny’s (1986) model and the Preacher and Hayes’ (2008) procedure were used to analyse the mediation model. Results indicated that the relationship between Type D personality and systolic BP was partially mediated by lifestyle habits whereas a full mediation was observed in the case of diastolic BP. The practice of unhealthy habits could explain the indirect mechanism by which Type D personality is related to morbidity and mortality risk in cardiovascular patients. Resumen: Personalidad Tipo D, hábitos de vida y riesgo cardiovascular. La interacción del afecto negativo e inhibición social (personalidad Tipo D) se relaciona con los hábitos de vida y el riesgo cardiovascular. El objetivo de este estudio fue dilucidar si los hábitos de vida median la relación entre personalidad Tipo D y presión arterial (PA) como factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Un total de 91 participantes mayores de 45 años (54.90% mujeres) fueron evaluados de salud subjetiva, hábitos de vida, personalidad Tipo D y PA. Se utilizó el modelo de Baron y Kenny (1986) y el procedimiento de Preacher y Hayes (2008) para el análisis mediacional. Los hábitos de vida mediaron parcialmente la relación entre personalidad Tipo D y PA sistólica y, de manera total, la relación entre personalidad Tipo D y PA diastólica. La práctica de hábitos no saludables podría explicar el mecanismo indirecto mediante el cual la personalidad Tipo D se relaciona con el riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes cardíacos.

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