Further studies on the effects of dietary cottonseed oil on milk-fat secretion in the cow

1968 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Steele ◽  
J. H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Low Levels

SummaryThe effects of the isocaloric replacement of part of the dietary concentrate mixture by cottonseed oil on the yield and composition of the milk fat and on the pattern of rumen fermentation was investigated in 2 feeding experiments with a total of 8 cows in mid-lactation. The concentrate mixtures were given with high- or low-roughage diets that supplied 9·1 or 1·8 kg of hay/day.In expt 1 the yield of milk fat was not altered by the addition of 10% cottonseed oil to the concentrate mixtures given either with the high- or with the low-levels of dietary roughage. On the low-roughage treatment, dietary cottonseed oil increased milk yield but reduced the fat content of the milk. The change from the high- to the low-roughage diets containing no cottonseed oil resulted in reductions in the yield and percentage of fat in the milk. In expt 2 the yields of milk and milk fat were similar irrespective of whether the concentrate mixture contained 5 or 10% cottonseed oil.In expt 1 the inclusion of 10% cottonseed oil in the concentrate mixture reduced the yields and percentages of the medium-chain fatty acids (12:0, 14:0 and 16:0) and increased the yields and percentages of the C18 fatty acids in the milk fat. In expt 2, when the concentrate mixture contained 5% cottonseed oil, the yields and percentages of all the fatty acids in the milk fat were similar to the values obtained when the concentrates contained 10% cottonseed oil. For any given concentrate mixture, the change from the high- to the low-roughage treatments in both expts 1 and 2 resulted in increases in the percentage of oleic acid in the milk fat. The highest concentration of trans-octadecenoic acid was observed in the milk fat of the cows when they were given the high-roughage diet with the concentrate mixture containing 10% cottonseed oil.In expt 2 the level of cottonseed oil in the concentrate mixture did not influence the pattern of rumen fermentation as measured by the concentrations of the various volatile fatty acids in the rumen liquor. However, the change from the high- to the low-roughage diets reduced the proportion of acetic and increased the proportions of propionic and n-valeric acids in the total volatile fatty acids in the rumen liquor.

The effects of dietary tallow and cottonseed oil on milk fat secretion in the cow

1968 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Steele ◽  
J. H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

SummaryThe effects of the isocaloric replacement of part of the dietary concentrate mixture by either tallow or cottonseed oil on the yield and composition of the milk fat was investigated in 2 feeding experiments with a total of 26 cows in midlactation. The concentrates were given with high- or low-roughage diets that supplied either 9·1–9·5 or 1·8–3·2kg hay/day.In expt 1, the addition of cottonseed oil to the high-roughage diet increased the yield of milk fat during the first 8 days but decreased it during the last 4 days of a 28-day feeding period. In contrast, the inclusion of tallow in the high-roughage diet resulted in an increased yield of milk fat that was sustained throughout the period of 28 days. In expt 2, the intake of dietary fat was less than it was in expt 1 and the inclusion of tallow or cottonseed oil in either the high- or low-roughage diets had little effect on the yield of milk fat.The inclusion of either fat in the diet increased the yields and percentages of stearic and oleic acids and, in general, decreased the yields and percentages of the medium-chain fatty acids (10:0, 12:0 and 14:0) in the milk fat. The addition of tallow to the diet did not appear to alter the yields of the short-chain fatty acids (C4–C8, 4:0, 6:0 and 8:0) in the milk fat. When the low-roughage diets resulted in a decreased yield of milk fat, the secretion of all the fatty acids in the milk fat was reduced, but the reduction in the secretion of oleic acid was less than the reductions in the secretions of the other constituent fatty acids.

The effects of mono-unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the diet on milk-fat secretion in the cow

1968 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Steele ◽  
J. H. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Pronounced Change ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

SummaryThe effects of the addition of either 5 or 10% ‘oleic acid’ (78% pure) or 10% of a mixture of saturated fatty acids (64% palmitic acid, 31% stearic acid) to the dietary concentrate mixture on the yield and composition of the milk and milk fat and on the pattern of fermentation in the rumen were investigated in a feeding experiment with 8 cows in mid-lactation. The concentrate mixtures were given with a high-roughage diet that supplied 9·1 kg of hay/day.The addition of 5% ‘oleic acid’ to the concentrate mixture resulted in increased yields of milk and solids-not-fat (SNF); the percentage of fat in the milk was decreased but the yield of milk fat was unaltered. The addition of 10% ‘oleic acid’ to the concentrate mixture decreased both the yield and percentage of fat in the milk. In contrast, the concentrate mixture containing 10% of the mixture of saturated fatty acids increased the yield of milk fat.When the concentrate mixture containing 5% ‘oleic acid’ was given to the cows, the yields and percentages of the fatty acids from 4:0 to 16:0 (except 12:0) in the milk fat were decreased, but the yields and percentages of 18:0 and 18:1 were increased. Similar but more pronounced effects on the yields and percentages of the fatty acids from 4:0 to 16:0 (except 12:0) in the milk fat were observed when the cows were given the concentrate mixture containing 10% ‘oleic acid’, but under these dietary conditions the yield and percentage of only 18:1 in the milk fat were increased. The addition of the mixture of saturated fatty acids to the concentrate mixture decreased the percentages of the fatty acids from 4:0 to 14:0 (except 12:0) in the milk fat but decreased the yields of only 10:0 and 14:0; the yields and percentages of 16:0 and 18:1 were increased.When the cows were given the concentrate mixture containing 5% ‘oleic acid’ there was a small but significant decrease in the acetic acid:propionic acid ratio in the rumen liquor. A similar but more pronounced change in the acetic acid:propionic acid ratio in the rumen liquor was observed when the cows were given the concentrate mixture containing 10% ‘oleic acid’, but in this instance there was a significant reduction in the concentration of total volatile fatty acids in the rumen liquor. Apart from a small increase in the relative proportion of propionic acid, the addition of the mixture of saturated fatty acids to the concentrate mixture had no effect on the concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen liquor.

scholarly journals The effect of change from low-roughage to high-roughage diets on rumen fermentation, blood composition and milk fat secretion in the cow

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Storry ◽  
J. D. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Blood Composition ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Saturated Triglyceride ◽  
Cotton Threads

1. Changing cows from a diet with low hay and high flaked maize content, which depressed milk fat secretion, to a high-roughage diet resulted in increased milk fat secretion and in changes in the pattern of rumen fermentation and in the composition of the blood plasma.2. During the 1st week following the change in diet the proportions of propionic and valeric acids in the rumen decreased and the proportion of acetic acid increased. These changes in rumen volatile fatty acids were associated with decreases in the concentration of lactic acid, increases in pH and increases in the rate of breakdown of cotton threads in the ventral sac of the rumen. After 1 week, only minor fluctuations in the proportions of volatile fatty acids occurred from day to day.3. The percentage of fat in the milk increased over a period of 3 weeks following the change in diet and, with the exception of linoleic acid which decreased, the yields of all fatty acids in milk progressively increased over this period. The increase in yield of oleic acid was relatively much smaller than the increases in yield of saturated acids.4. The concentrations in blood plasma of acetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid increased in two cows and, in all cows, saturated triglyceride fatty acids increased, whereas the concentrations of the unsaturated triglyceride fatty acids decreased, during the 1st week after change to the high-roughage diet. The recovery in milk fat secretion is discussed in relation to the observed changes in rumen fermentation and blood composition.

scholarly journals The effect of different physical forms of starter feed on rumen fermentation indicators and weight gain in calves after weaning

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leoš Pavlata ◽  
Ondřej Šťastník ◽  
Štěpánka Křivová ◽  
Hana Dočkalová ◽  
Lenka Sedláková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Rumen Ph

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different physical forms of starter feed on rumen fermentation indicators of calves after weaning and their weight gain. The experiment was performed with Czech Fleckvieh calves after weaning. The calves were fed ad libitum completely pelleted starter feed or texturized starter feed with chopped straw. The rumen fluid samples were collected after a month of feeding the starter feeds. The calves were weighed monthly. The pH, total acidity, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactic acid, ammonia and the number of rumen ciliate protozoa were determined in the rumen fluid samples. The calves receiving the starter feed with straw showed significantly higher rumen pH (6.24 ± 0.51 vs. 5.58 ± 0.30), total volatile fatty acids (98.02 ± 20.46 vs. 61.40 ± 26.51 mmol/l), molar proportion of acetate (61.20 ± 4.87 vs. 50.53 ± 4.66%), and the acetate:propionate ratio (2.38 ± 0.53 vs. 1.34 ± 0.18) and lower molar proportion of propionate (26.55 ± 4.48 vs. 37.92 ± 3.58%) compared with the calves receiving pelleted starter feed. Average daily gain of the calves did not differ significantly. The feeding of starter feed with chopped straw compared with the pelleted starter feed led to better development of the rumen fermentation evaluated by rumen pH, by total volatile fatty acids production, and by the proportion and ratio of acetic and propionic acids. The feeding of starter feed with chopped straw reduced the occurrence of subacute ruminal acidosis in the weaned calves.

scholarly journals Pilot Study of the Effects of Polyphenols from Chestnut Involucre on Methane Production, Volatile Fatty Acids, and Ammonia Concentration during In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Yichong Wang ◽  
Sijiong Yu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Xiaolong Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Nutritional strategies can be employed to mitigate greenhouse emissions from ruminants. This article investigates the effects of polyphenols extracted from the involucres of Castanea mollissima Blume (PICB) on in vitro rumen fermentation. Three healthy Angus bulls (350 ± 50 kg), with permanent rumen fistula, were used as the donors of rumen fluids. A basic diet was supplemented with five doses of PICB (0%–0.5% dry matter (DM)), replicated thrice for each dose. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N), and methane (CH4) yield were measured after 24 h of in vitro fermentation, and gas production was monitored for 96 h. The trial was carried out over three runs. The results showed that the addition of PICB significantly reduced NH3-N (p < 0.05) compared to control. The 0.1%–0.4% PICB significantly decreased acetic acid content (p < 0.05). Addition of 0.2% and 0.3% PICB significantly increased the propionic acid content (p < 0.05) and reduced the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio, CH4 content, and yield (p < 0.05). A highly significant quadratic response was shown, with increasing PICB levels for all the parameters abovementioned (p < 0.01). The increases in PICB concentration resulted in a highly significant linear and quadratic response by 96-h dynamic fermentation parameters (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that 0.2% PICB had the best effect on in-vitro rumen fermentation efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas production.

scholarly journals Identification of the Potential Role of the Rumen Microbiome in Milk Protein and Fat Synthesis in Dairy Cows Using Metagenomic Sequencing

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1247
Author(s):  
Xin Wu ◽  
Shuai Huang ◽  
Jinfeng Huang ◽  
Peng Peng ◽  
Yanan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Prevotella Species

The rumen contains abundant microorganisms that aid in the digestion of lignocellulosic feed and are associated with host phenotype traits. Cows with extremely high milk protein and fat percentages (HPF; n = 3) and low milk protein and fat percentages (LPF; n = 3) were selected from 4000 lactating Holstein cows under the same nutritional and management conditions. We found that the total concentration of volatile fatty acids, acetate, butyrate, and propionate in the rumen fluid was significantly higher in the HPF group than in the LPF group. Moreover, we identified 38 most abundant species displaying differential richness between the two groups, in which Prevotella accounted for 68.8% of the species, with the highest abundance in the HPF group. Functional annotation based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG), evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG), and Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZy) databases showed that the significantly more abundant species in the HPF group are enriched in carbohydrate, amino acid, pyruvate, insulin, and lipid metabolism and transportation. Furthermore, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that specific microbial taxa (mainly the Prevotella species and Neocallimastix californiae) are positively correlated with total volatile fatty acids (VFA). Collectively, we found that the HPF group was enriched with several Prevotella species related to the total VFA, acetate, and amino acid synthesis. Thereby, these fulfilled the host’s needs for energy, fat, and rumen microbial protein, which can be used for increased biosynthesis of milk fat and milk protein. Our findings provide novel information for elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of the rumen in the formation of milk composition.

scholarly journals Effect of time of supplementary feeding on intake, apparent digestibility and rumen fermentation of grass hay by sheep

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Carro ◽  
A. R. Mantecón ◽  
I. A. Wright ◽  
I. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Male Sheep

AbstractEffects of time of supplementation on forage intake, nutrient apparent digestibility and rumen fermentation were studied with 12 mature castrated male sheep (wethers) offered grass hay from 16.30 h to 09.30 h and supplemented with a cereal-based concentrate given at either 09.30 or 16.00 h. Voluntary intake of hay organic matter (OM) was decreased by feeding the concentrate (P< 0·01). Offering concentrate at 09.30 h after hay was available, increased intake of hay and total OM compared with offering it at 16.00 h before hay was available (P< 0·05). Daily pattern of hay intake was not changed when concentrate was offered at 09.30 h compared with feeding hay alone, but concentrate given at 16.00 h resulted in a lower hay intake between 16.30 and 18.00 h. Sheep offered concentrate at 09.30 h had higher rumen ammonia levels than those offered concentrate at 16.00 h, but there were no differences in the apparent digestibility of the nutrients, rumen pH and molar proportions of the main volatile fatty acids. There were also no differences between groups in the blood plasma concentrations of 3-hydroxybutyrate (30HB), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glucose. It is concluded that feeding supplement after rather than before a period of intake of forage or a bout of grazing may offer a means of minimizing reduction of forage intake as a consequence of feeding concentrate.

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE ADDITION OF GLUCOGENIC MATERIALS TO THE RATIONS OF LACTATING COWS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
F. D. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Glutamate, succinate, propylene glycol, or glycerol were added to a basic concentrate at 3.3% of air-dry feed. Each concentrate was fed both ad libitum and in restricted amounts to four cows in early lactation. Dietary intake, milk yield and composition, molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids and blood glucose, ketones and plasma free fatty acids were used as criteria of effect of these supplements. Propylene glycol in the diet resulted in a lower intake of concentrate compared with glycerol (11.44 versus 14.30 kg/day) and significantly decreased (P < 0.05) rumen butyrate and plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate. Glutamate supplementation prevented the fall in milk fat content which occurred when the other three supplemented concentrates were fed ad libitum, and this effect may have been related to the constancy in the ratio of acetate to propionate in the rumen fluid.

scholarly journals Concentrate containing calcium salts of fatty acids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids can change rumen fermentation in grazing goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2621
Author(s):  
Ludmila Couto Gomes ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽  
Luiz Paulo Rigolon ◽  
Ana Paula Silva Possamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Ruminal Ph

Feeding goats with calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) can supply ruminants with lipids, with minimal effects on ruminal fermentation and fiber digestibility. However, there is a shortage of information on the effect of CSFA on characteristics of rumen fermentation in grassland goats. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the addition of CSFA to concentrate on the parameters of rumen fermentation of grazing goats. Five rumen cannulated goats were distributed in a Latin square 5x5 design (treatments: 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6.0% CSFA. The pH, ammonia N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) content were analyzed in the ruminal fluid at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after concentrate supplementation. The pH and ammonia N concentration showed a linear effect with the addition of CSFA. There was no effect observed for the VFA molar concentration after grazing goats were fed with the experimental diet. In conclusion, further research is needed to investigate the addition of CSFA to goat diets because there is evidence that CSFA increases ruminal pH and decreases excess ruminal ammonia without changing the VFA concentration in the rumen fluid.

Intraruminal administration ofMegasphaera elsdeniimodulated rumen fermentation profile in mid-lactation dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qendrim Zebeli ◽  
Sarah J Terrill ◽  
Alberto Mazzolari ◽  
Suzanna M Dunn ◽  
Wen Z Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Fermentation Profile

This study evaluated the effects of intraruminal administration ofMegasphaera elsdeniion ruminal fermentation patterns, the profile of plasma metabolites, and milk yield and composition of mid-lactation dairy cows. Eight primiparous, ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were arranged in a paired 2×2 crossover design. Cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) intraruminal inoculation of 35 ml suspension per day ofM. elsdeniiATCC 25940 (MEGA), containing 108cfu/ml of bacteria, dissolved in 35 ml of saline (0·15m), or 2) carrier alone (35 ml saline; CTR). Both postprandial and preprandial rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and plasma metabolite measurements were analysed. Postprandial VFA patterns were affected the most, with butyrate (P<0·01) and valerate (P<0·01) proportions increasing, and acetate (P<0·01), isobutyrate (P=0·05) and isovalerate (P<0·01) decreasing in MEGA cows. Preprandial data measured at various days showed that MEGA dosage tended to increase the molar proportion of propionate (P=0·09) and lower the acetate to propionate ratio (P=0·07) in the rumen fluid. There was no effect of treatment on rumen pH and on the concentration of lactate in the rumen as well as on selected preprandial plasma metabolites. Postprandial plasma concentrations of cholesterol tended to increase (P=0·07) in MEGA cows compared with CTR. Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the plasma were lower in MEGA cows after the morning feeding (P<0·01). Sampling hour also affected plasma NEFA in this study. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) were not affected by the treatment (P>0·05); however, after the morning feeding BHBA concentration was increased in both groups of cows. Dry matter intake and milk yield and composition were not affected by treatment. In conclusion, results indicate thatM. elsdeniihas the potential to modulate the rumen fermentation profile in mid-lactation Holstein cows, but these effects were only slightly reflected in changes in plasma metabolites and milk composition.

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