Economic impacts of reduced milk production associated with papillomatous digital dermatitis in dairy cows in the USA

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard C Losinger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Economic Surplus ◽  
The Usa

The goal of this study was to measure the economic impacts of reduced milk production associated with papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) in dairy cows in the USA, and of specific risk factors for PDD, in 1996. The method applied was an economic-welfare analysis of producer and consumer surplus, with the GUM Workbench used to analyse uncertainties in the measurements. Reduced milk production associated with PDD was found to reduce consumer surplus by $750 million±$580 million, and to increase the economic surplus of producers by $560 million±$470 million, with a net economic loss of $190 million±$130 million. An examination of the economic effects of specific epidemiologic risk factors for PDD showed that having dairy cows that were not born on the operation had important economic consequences associated with the disease, as did the type of land to which dairy cows had access during the winter months and the type of flooring on which cows walked. Washing hoof-trimming equipment between cows was an important biosecurity measure that was associated with reduced PDD. The epidemiologic model used also implicated hoof trimmers who trimmed cattle hooves on other operations as having an important economic impact associated with this disease, although this finding may have been erroneous.

Economic impact of reduced milk production associated with Johne's disease on dairy operations in the USA

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard C Losinger
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Johne's Disease ◽  
Johne’S Disease ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Economic Surplus ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
The Usa

Accurately assessing the economic impacts of diseases and other factors that affect milk production requires that the demand for milk be taken into account. Because demand for milk in the USA is relatively inelastic (i.e., consumers generally purchase a somewhat fixed amount over a given time frame, regardless of fluctuations in price), consumers tend to reap much of the benefit of enhanced production. An examination of the economic impacts of Johne's disease indicated that reduced milk production, associated with the determination of dairy operations as Johne's-positive, reduced consumer surplus by $770 million ± $690 million, and resulted in a total loss of $200 million ± $160 million to the US economy in 1996. Most of the economic surplus lost by consumers was transferred to producers, whose economic surplus increased by $570 million ± $550 million as a result of the reduced milk production associated with Johne's disease. Uncertainty analysis showed that the estimated reduction in milk production on Johne's-positive dairy operations accounted for most of the uncertainty in the economic-impact estimates. If Johne's disease had not been present on US dairy operations, then an additional 580 million ±460 million kg of milk would have been produced, but the price would have fallen by 1·1±1·0 cents/kg, and the total value of the milk would have decreased by $580 million ± $560 million.

Economic impacts of reduced milk production associated with epidemiological risk factors for Johne's disease on dairy operations in the USA

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard C Losinger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Johne's Disease ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Johne’S Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Epidemiologic Risk

An examination of the economic effects of epidemiologic risk factors for Johne's disease identified regional and herd size differences as having the greatest impact. Having dairy cows that were not born on the operation was the most important factor over which individual producers had the most immediate control. Economic consequences associated with using multiple-cow-maternity housing and multiple-preweaned-calf housing were not statistically significant. Economic welfare analysis was applied, and the GUM Workbench was used to analyse uncertainties in the estimates of the economic impacts.

Welfare effects of the use of recombinant bovine somatotropin in the USA

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard C Losinger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Bovine Somatotropin ◽  
Economic Surplus ◽  
Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Usa

The welfare effects of increased milk production associated with the use of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST) on dairy operations in the USA were examined for 1996. Results that derived from three different estimates of the milk-production response to rBST were evaluated and compared. One estimate, derived from a survey of dairy producers in Connecticut, led to economic-impact estimates that were not statistically significant. A second, derived from a national survey that concentrated on the health and management of dairy cattle, led to estimates that were unbelievably high. A third, derived from a national survey that concentrated on the economics of dairy producers, provided the most reasonable estimates of economic impacts. Results of economic analysis, using the latter results, indicated that if rBST had not caused milk production to increase, then the market price of milk would have been 2·2±1·5 cents/kg higher, and the total value of the milk produced would have risen from $23·0±0·6 billion to $24·1±1·0 billion. A welfare analysis demonstrated that the increased milk production (and the reduced market price) associated with the use of rBST in the USA caused the economic surplus of consumers to rise by $1·5±1·0 billion, while the economic surplus of dairy producers fell by $1·1±$0·8 billion. Increased milk production associated with rBST yielded a total gain to the US economy of $440±280 million. An analysis of annual percent changes in the number of dairy cows per operation, milk production per cow, total milk production, total number of dairy cows, and total number of dairy operations in the USA suggested that the dairy industry's long-term economic growth path was stable from 1989–2001 inclusive, and did not receive a shock resulting from the introduction of rBST.

scholarly journals Risk factors relating to helminth infections in cows during the peripartum

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenevaldo Barbosa da Silva ◽  
Charles Passos Rangel ◽  
Bruna de Azevedo Baêta ◽  
Adivaldo Henrique da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
Spearman Test ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this study was to investigate whether season, lactation number, breed standard and milk production were risk factors relating to occurrences of gastrointestinal nematodes in dairy cows during the peripartum period. Eighty-four cows were randomly selected through proportional stratified sampling. In order to analyze the fecal egg per gram (EPG) count, the data were subjected to the Spearman test, Kruskal-Wallis test at 5% significance and linear regression. At the time of calving, the cows showed high EPG counts in relation to all variables analyzed. Among the animals studied, we observed that purebred Holstein cows at their first lactation and with high milk production showed high EPG counts (600) and comprised the group most at risk within the herd studied. In this group, the animals showed moderate EPG during the prepartum period (300) and a significant increase (p < 0.01) in EPG count from the time of calving (900), i.e. an increase of the order of 300%. Selection of animals for milk production in tropical countries should be based not only on productive potential, but also on adaptive features.

Risk factors for digital dermatitis in dairy cows kept in cubicle houses in The Netherlands

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G.C.J. Somers ◽  
K. Frankena ◽  
E.N. Noordhuizen-Stassen ◽  
J.H.M. Metz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Digital Dermatitis

scholarly journals Effect of the claw disorders on production performance in dairy cattle

2016 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Michal Vlček ◽  
Radovan Kasarda
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Interdigital Dermatitis ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

The aim of the study was the influence of claw disorders on production traits in dairy cattle. Observed were claw traits as claw angle, claw length, heel index, claw height, claw diagonal and claw width. Right hind claw after functional trimming was evaluated. Occurrence of claw disorders like interdigital dermatitis and heel erosion (IDHE), digital dermatitis (DD) and sole ulcer (SV) as well as the progress of disease were observed. Basic summary and variation statistics was performed by the SAS software. Two herds were included in the study. Holstein dairy cows (n=101) produced 11 875 kg of milk, 468 kg (3.94%) of fat and 396 kg (3.34%) of proteins. Holstein cows were affected with IDHE in 22 cases, with DD in 6 cases and with sole ulcer in 10 cases. Slovak Simmental dairy cows (n=101) produced 5834 kg of milk, 258 kg (4.44%) of fat and 209 kg (3.59%) of proteins. Slovak Simmental cows were affected with IDHE in 8 cases, with DD in 5 cases and with sole ulcer in 19 cases. Observed was that claw disorders caused deviations of milk production.

scholarly journals Assessment of Blood Metabolites Disorders and Related Pathological Risk Factors in Cows of Constantine Region, Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Adel MAMMERI ◽  
Fatima Zohra KAYOUECHE ◽  
Loubna DENHADJI ◽  
Abdelmalek BENMAKHLOUF
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

The aim of the present study is to evaluate some blood metabolites and to predict the occurence of nutritional imbalances affecting milk production and health status of cows. It included 180 dairy cows of five different breeds reared in five farms of Constantine Governorate. The biochemical analyzes via Technicon RA-X and RA-1000 autoanalyzers focused on: calcium, phosphorus, total proteins, lipids, glucose and creatinine.It results that hyperphosphatemia (> 65 mg/L) was clear in cows of farms 1 and 2 and moderate in those of farm 3; moderate hypocalcemia (< 97mg/L) in cows of farms 1, 2, 3 and 4; moderate hypoproteinemia (< 67 g/L) in farms 2 and 5; moderate hyperproteinemia (> 74.6 g/L) in farms 3 and 4, a clear hypercholesterolemia in whole farms. The significant differences (P< 0.01) via ANOVA test between farms, suggest variability of management methods, feeding practices and health status of cows.

scholarly journals Economic Impacts of Clinical and Sub Clinical Mastitis on Dairy Farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Islam Aqib ◽  
Afshan Muneer ◽  
Muhammad Shafeeq ◽  
Nimra Kirn
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Invasive Infection

Studies have reported on the economic impacts of clinical and subclinical mastitis on dairy farms. Bovine mastitis is a disorder that affects dairy farms and has a major economic impact. Most of the economic losses are the result of mastitis. Mastitis is an invasive infection that is among the most numerous and highly complicated infections in the dairy sector. Mastitis is one of the most expensive diseases in terms of production losses among animal diseases. Mastitis reduces milk production, changes milk composition, and shortens the productive life of infected cows. Farmers must concentrate on avoiding mastitis infection whilst putting in place and following a mastitis control programed. Bovine mastitis, the most significant disease of dairy herds, has huge effects on farm economics. Mastitis losses are due to reduced milk production, the cost of treatments, and culling. Major factors related to low milk yield could be low genetic potential as well as poor nutritional and managerial approaches. Most of the losses are related to somatic cell count (SCC), which is characterised by an increase in the percentage of milk. Culling costs are the costs of rearing or buying a replacement animal, mostly heifers. Overhead impacts include the replacement animals' lower milk supply effectiveness. The expense of replacing animals prematurely due to mastitis is one of the most significant areas of economic loss.

scholarly journals Economic effects of investment in dairy farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Jonel Subić ◽  
Lana Nastić ◽  
Svetlana Roljević-Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Dynamic Methods ◽  
Main Paper

Dairy farming is the most significant part of cattle raising. During the previous several years the volume of milk production has been maintained at a stable level, while there came to fall in number of dairy cows and number of farms engaged in dairy farming. Although the farms that own just a few heads of dairy cows usually step out the milk production, there are still a small number of farms specialized in dairy farming. The main paper objective is to present the economic effects of investment in the construction and equipping of dairy farm adequate for raising of 12 dairy cows. Economic analysis was based on the use of static and dynamic methods for investment assessment. Besides, there is also conducted the analysis of investment under the risk conditions (use of the break-even analysis). According to gained results (e.g. Internal rate of return, 11.98%, positive value of the Net present value, Payback period shorter than 5 years) the investment implementation is economically justified.

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