The Role of Religious Ideas and the Use of Models in Max Weber's Comparative Studies of Non-Capitalist Societies

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stephen Warner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Classical Economic ◽  
Use Of Models ◽  
Significant Question

The theme of this conference, “The Organizational Forms of Economic Life and Their Evolution,” implies a concern for specifying the limits of the applicability of classical and neo-classical economic theory. Presumably because we sociologists have been in the forefront of those who insist on the recognition of these limits, I have been asked to present a paper from the viewpoint of historical sociology. Now I suppose that your field and mine are alike in at least one respect: the infrequency of finding any one view on a broad and significant question. I am sure you will understand, therefore, my concentration on some lessons to be learned from the work of one of the heroes of my discipline, Max Weber (1864–1920). Weber, as you may know, was, among his other titles, a professor of economics and avoided the epithet of “sociologist.” Yet because sociology has changed since his day, largely under his influence, and because he was also a professor of law and of political science, we sociologists have now claimed him. Nevertheless, many of the issues that informed his massive scholarly research were and are issues central to both your field and mine.

Decision Arenas in Executive Decision Making: Cabinet Committees in Comparative Perspective

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas T. Mackie ◽  
Brian W. Hogwood
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
The Political ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Executive Decision Making ◽  
Presidential Systems

Decision making in political executives is an oddly neglected subject in political science. The roles played by both formal institutions and less formal mechanisms in arriving at decisions in political executives are surprisingly understudied. There have been some important comparative studies of political executives but these have tended to focus on the role of the head of the political executive – the president or prime minister. The distinctive nature of cabinet systems as against presidential systems has been well brought out but a comparative framework for the analysis of variations among cabinet systems in the role of decision arenas other than the full cabinet has not been developed. Blondel in his wide-ranging survey of government structures gives only a passing mention to cabinet committees. Accordingly, in seeking to place the roles of cabinet committees in perspective, we have found it necessary to develop our own framework of decision arenas in cabinet systems.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE AND ITS CONCEPTUALIZATION IN THE HERITAGE OF MAX WEBER

2020 ◽  
pp. 304-318
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Германович Кукарников
Keyword(s):  
Max Weber ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Historical Material

В данной статье прослеживается процесс осуществления Максом Вебером синтеза теоретических представлений в различных областях социально-гуманитарного знания с целью обосновать собственную концепцию генезиса капитализма современного западного типа. Отталкиваясь от разрабатываемых им принципов понимающей социологии и общеметодологических оснований исторического знания философии неокантианства, Вебер в своей социологии религии прорабатывает вопрос о роли внеэкономических факторов в становлении капитализма, а именно о значении мотивации трудовой и предпринимательской деятельности, которую он находит прежде всего в религии. Разработанный общесоциологический аппарат понятий применяется им для анализа огромного массива конкретно-исторического материала, благодаря чему Веберу удалось переосмыслить наличный исторический опыт и сформировать оригинальную и плюралистическую по своему характеру философско-историческую концепцию. Его труды как в области философии и методологии, так и в области исторической социологии продолжают играть значимую роль в современной социальной теории. This article traces the process of realization by Max Weber the synthesis of theoretical concepts in various areas of social and humanitarian knowledge in order to substantiate his own concept of the genesis of modern Western-type capitalism. Based on the principles of understanding sociology that he developed and the general methodological foundations of the historical knowledge in the philosophy of neo-Kantianism, Weber, in his sociology of religion, is working on the issue of the role of non-economic factors in the formation of capitalism, namely, the meaning of motivation for labor and entrepreneurial activity, which he finds primarily in religion. The developed general sociological apparatus of concepts is used by him to analyze a huge mass of concrete historical material, thanks to which Weber managed to rethink the available historical experience and form an original and pluralistic philosophical and historical concept. His works both in the field of philosophy and methodology, and in the field of historical sociology continue to play a significant role in modern social theory.

The Role of Governments in Economic Growth in Early Modern Times

1975 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic C. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Early Modern Times

A discussion fifty years ago of comparative economic history would have taken a broader view and would probably have been concerned very largely with exploring along the trails blazed by Max Weber and Marc Bloch. They were interested in many other aspects of economic history besides economic growth and I hope that similar broader interests will shortly show signs of reanimation. In spite of the present popularity of quantitative studies of changes in production, I hope some discussions at this meeting will examine comparative studies of forms of economic organization and the human qualities those structures reflected or generated. But my remarks here accord with the present preoccupation with that kind of economic history in which the all-important questions relate to the causes of economic growth. And I limit myself to one aspect only, the influence of governments.

scholarly journals Evolution of economic thought in the context of the lending problem in the second half of 17th - middle 19th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Orlyk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Classical Economic ◽  
Banking Credit

The article analyzes the scientific achievements of the classical economic school representatives of the second half of the 17th - middle of the 19th century in the field of lending through the prism of modernity. The goal of research is to study the evolution of views on the nature and role of lending by the classical school representatives of economics in the second half of 17th - mid 19th centuries. Methods of research. Both general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition were used to solve the tasks, that were set for the goal. Systematic and structured approaches, methods of generalization, analysis, comparison, synthesis, and scientific abstraction were used in the process of writing the article. Results of work. In the article had been established and analyzed the evolution of the theoretical understanding of the lending problem in the classical school of economics from the time of its foundation to the beginning of the realization of its theoretical achievements in the financial and economic space of the Russian Empire. The field of application of results. The results of the held study can be used in teaching courses in the history of economics and economic thought, as well as other economic disciplines, in the training of specialists in banking, credit and economic theory. Conclusions. The held study of the views evolution of the classical economic school representatives on the problem of lending allows us to conclude that credit as a socio-economic phenomenon has aroused significant interest of researchers. Among the main questions, that were set by scientists, were questions related to the principles of reward formation for the credit and its role in the development of the country's economy. Many researchers have paid attention to the question of the state’s place in the credit relations of the borrower and the lender. Examining the process of transformation of economic theory, we can conclude that the role of the state as a strict regulator of credit relations had gradually changed to the role of guarantor of credit obligations. A significant impetus to the development of economics in the context of understanding credit in the Russian Empire was made by M. Bunge. He has not only theoretically justified the importance of the credit availability for the development of economic relations, but also put his own scientific ideas into practice.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP HARGA KOMODITAS PASAR (Telaah Pemikiran Ibn Taimiyyah)

At-Taqaddum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Singgih Muheramtohadi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Price Regulation ◽  
Price Formation ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Economic Behaviour ◽  
Market Protection ◽  
Classical Economic

<p> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><em>The Name of Ibn Taimiyyah often identified to Wahabi’s movement. The thought of Taimiyyah often blamed for the influence to Jihadist movement. So the research about Ibn Taimiyah’s thougt very important to do. In the exploration in Taimiyyah’s concept,  the writer found some pieces of Taimiyya’s teachigs relevant to  the current theories. One of them is the Price Formation in the Market and the role of Government in making the Price Regulation. And Taimiyyah’s Statements corespondent to Adam Smith’s Classical Economic Theory. Furthermore, islam have managed about price market protection. This Paper will discuss about the mechanism of price formation in market, the inhabiting factors in Price Formation in Market, the dangers caused by monopoly, and How islam have managed the economic behaviour. This Paper will discuss these themes according to Ibn Taimiyyah thoughts. </em></p><p>==================================================</p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p><strong> </strong>Nama Ibn Taimiyyah sering diidentikkan dengan gerakan Wahabiah. Pemikiran Ibn Taimiyyah sering dijadikan kambing hitam karena pengaruhnya terhadap gerakan jihadis. Sehingga, penelitian terhadap pemikiran Ibn Tamiyyah penting dilakukan. Dalam melakukan eksplorasi terhadap pemikiran Ibn Tamiyyah, penulis menemukan beberapa bagian dari tulisan Ibn Taimiyyah yang sebenarnya relevan terhadap teori masa kini. Salah satu nya tentang Pembentukan Harga di Pasar dan Peran pemerintah dalam melakukan regulasi harga. Dan pernyataan-pernyataan Ibn Taimiyyah ternyata banyak yang sesuai dengan teori ekonomi, bahkan menyerupai teori ekonomi klasik yang dicetuskan oleh Adam Smith. Padahal Ibn Taimiyyah hidup sekitar 5 abad sebelum teori ekonomi klasik muncul.  Dan sebenarnya dalam islam sendiri terdapat kaedah perlindungan terhadap harga pasar.</p><p>Tulisan ini mengupas tentang bagaimana mekanisme pembentukan harga di pasar? Faktor apa saja yang menghambat pembentukan harga di pasar? Dan apa peran pemerintah untuk mencegah distorsi terhadap harga di pasar? Apa bahaya monopoli terhadap keseimbangan di pasar? Dan bagaimana etika islam dalam mengatur perilaku ekonomi? Tulisan ini akan membahas tema-tema tersebut dengan menggunakan kerangka pemikiran Ibn Taimiyyah.</p>

How the Dismal Science Got its Name: Debating Racial Quackery

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Classical Economic ◽  
Racial Slavery

Here is a fact that seems to surprise many deeply learned scholars. The term “dismal science” was applied to British political economy as the 1840s ended because of its role bringing about the emancipation of West Indian slaves in the 1830s. This paper addresses the consequences that follow from our ignorance of the role of classical economic theory in the anti-racial slavery coalition of Biblical literalists and utilitarians.

Charles Merriam, Max Weber, and the Search for Synthesis in Political Science

1975 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avery Leiserson
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
World View ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Public Recognition ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Governing Institutions

The centenary of Merriam's birth provides the opportunity to reappraise the consequences of his prophetic advocacy of a more scientific expression and systematization of political knowledge. The vehicle for this appraisal is a comparison of Merriam's ’activist” epistemology wjth the more self-limiting methodology of Max Weber who, perhaps among all twentieth-century social scientists, stated most explicitly and experienced most poignantly the tensions among the requirements of acquiring objective knowledge about politics and exercising responsibility in political action. Notwithstanding their many points of difference, Merriam and Weber are interpreted as sharing common grounds of disbelief that the disjunction between science and politics will be removed by the development of a unifying, paradigmatic world-view, either within political science or between the several sciences of man, nature, and society. The political context and role of scientists are visualized by the author as consisting in: (1) mastering the personal temptations and obstacles to achieving their own peculiar brand of political competence, (2) securing public recognition and respect for the factual-scientific component of controversial situations involving their sphere of expertness, and (3) acting upon the assumption of joint skills and contributions, along with other scientists, philosophers, technicians (including politicians), and participating citizens in improving the utilization of scientific research in the formulation of public policy and reform of governing institutions.

A Realist Perspective on Contemporary "Economic Theory" (Foreword by O. Ananyin)

2006 ◽  
pp. 75-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Neoclassical Theory ◽  
Fundamental Feature ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Realist Perspective

The author elaborates on methodological issues of current tendencies in neoclassical theory and demonstrates the necessity of an alternative model of science, which he calls "realist". According to this perspective, constant and regular conjunctions of economic life events should not be the main object of analysis. Rather, the author proposes to consider structures and mechanisms governing events in question. Instead of deductivism, which, as Lawson believes, is a fundamental feature of orthodox economics, the abductive method of economic explanation is proposed that entails investigation of major powers, on which any social phenomenon depends. Society is thereby regarded not as a closed, but rather as an open system.

Whatever Happened to the Cambridge Capital Theory Controversies? (With comments by L. Pasinetti, F. Fisher, J. Felipe and J. McCombie, R. Greenfield and reply by the authors)

2009 ◽  
pp. 4-27
Author(s):  
A. Cohen ◽  
G. Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Capital Theory

The article written by the well-known theorists and historians of economic thought contains a detailed overview of the Cambridge capital controversy, which had raged from the mid-1950-s through the mid-1970-s. The authors track the origins of the controversy and cover arguments of both sides in chronological order. From their point of view, the discussion hasnt been resolved, and its main underlying aspects were ideological beliefs and fundamental methodological controversies on the nature of equilibrium and on the role of time in economic theory. The article is published with comments written by other leading theoreticians.

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