Some Notes on Coerced Labor

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Evans
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
New World ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Modern Capitalism

Though Social critics have often spoken of the “wage slavery” associated with modern capitalism, it is more common to believe that coerced labor was banished with the coming of modern standards of civilization. Thus the corvee of ancient China, the feudalism of Western Europe and Japan, and the New World enslavement of blacks in the 17th-19th centuries are seen as products of those earlier and less enlightened ages, mere way stations in the historical evolution of modern day economies.

scholarly journals Looking for Agency in Transnational Refugee Trajectories during the Second World War - Eric T. Jennings. Escape from Vichy: The Refugee Exodus to the French Caribbean. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2018. 308 pages. ISBN: 9780674983380, $36. - Megan Koreman. The Escape Line: How the Ordinary Heroes of Dutch-Paris Resisted the Nazi Occupation of Western Europe. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. 410 pages. 9780190662271, $29,95. - Joanna Newman. Nearly the New World: The British West Indies and the Flight from Nazism, 1933–1945. New York: Berghahn Books, 2019. 306 pages. 9781789206494, $29,95.

Itinerario ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-187
Author(s):  
Rosa de Jong
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
New World ◽  
French Caribbean ◽  
British West Indies ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Jewish Refugees ◽  
The Government ◽  
Flight Route

AbstractThe authors of three recent monographs, The Escape Line, Escape from Vichy, and Nearly the New World, highlight in particular the relevance of transnational refugee and resistance networks. These books shed new light on the trajectories of refugees through war-torn Europe and their routes out of it. Megan Koreman displays in The Escape Line the relevance of researching one line of resistance functioning in several countries and thereby shifts from the common nationalistic approach in resistance research. In Escape from Vichy Eric Jennings researches the government-endorsed flight route between Marseille and Martinique and explores the lasting impact of encounters between refugees and Caribbean Negritude thinkers. Joanna Newman explores the mainly Jewish refugees who found shelter in the British West Indies, with a focus on the role of aid organisations in this flight.

Uses of the Past: Archaeology in the Service of the State (1987)

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don D. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
New World ◽  
The State ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Past ◽  
Symbolic Resources ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Brave New World ◽  
Symbolic Resource

Nation states, or partisans thereof, control and allocate symbolic resources as one means of legitimizing power and authority, and in pursuit of their perceived nationalistic goals and ideologies. A major symbolic resource is the past. In this chapter I review three cases in which the past and, in particular, relevant archaeological resources were ‘used’ for such purposes, and I refer to several other well-known instances. The three cases discussed are Mexico from c.AD 900 to the present, Britain from c.AD 1500 to the present, and the People’s Republic of China since 1949. The implications of such uses in relation to archaeological theories and interpretations are discussed. In The Uses of the Past, Herbert Müller (1952) sought for ‘certainty of meaning’ in an analysis of the development of Western civilization. The only certainty he found was that the past has many uses. This chapter is concerned with some specific uses of the past: (1) how nation state rulers and bureaucrats have manipulated the past for nationalist purposes, both ideological and chauvinistic, and to legitimize their authority and power; (2) how nation states have used archaeological sites, artefacts, and theories for such purposes; (3) how these uses of the past relate to more general questions about the intellectual and socio-political contexts in which archaeology is conducted. The importance to the state of using or manipulating its past is neatly delineated in two great dystopian novels, George Orwell’s (1949) Nineteen Eighty-Four, and Aldous Huxley’s (1932) Brave New World. In the former, the Ministry of Truth totally revamps the past as needed to justify and lend ‘truth’ to the immediate requirements, actions, and policies of the state. In the latter, the past is blotted out. As the Resident World Controller for Western Europe, Mustafa Mond tells the Savage, ‘we haven’t any use for old things here’ (Huxley 1932: 200). In both cases, control and manipulation of the past or its complete denial is critical to state ideology and purposes.

Fray Juan De Zumárraga and Indian Policy in New Spain

1949 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
New World ◽  
Near East ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Indian Policy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Fully Integrated

The Full Realization that the brave Admiral of the Ocean Sea had discovered not a new route to India and the fabled wealth of Cipango and Cathay but an otro mundo, another world, soon became inescapable. Here was another world, with all the implications of the term, inhabited by human beings gathered in various groupings, with varying degrees of development, yet none beyond the stone and precious metals stage, none with a fully integrated system of writing, none beyond the stage of human sacrifices in their religious practices. On what grounds had the crown of Spain a right to disturb the existing conditions? The problem presented was new to a Christian world just awakening from the long and troubled slumber of the Middle Ages. The norms developed by Western Europe in its relations with Islam and the Near East did not seem to apply to the peoples of the otro mundo, or New World.

British Class Consciousness and The Labour Party

1962 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon D. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Modern Capitalism

Customarily, the British Labour party has been regarded as the natural product of an advanced industrial society. Given a sufficiently developed economy, like Britain's in the early years of the twentieth century, it was assumed that a socialist working-class party was due to emerge as an increasingly large and effective force. In this democratized version of Marxism, the absence of such a party in the United States had to be explained as the result of the relative immaturity of American industrial society. Labor in the United States was on the same political road as labor in Western Europe, but well behind. Especially did it seem behind labor in Britain, “the country in which modern Capitalism first emerged to full growth — the country which was, therefore, the pioneer of Labour organisation.That this entire approach needs to be reconsidered is now plain. Recent American political trends fail to support the expectation of a European-style working-class movement in the United States, and this type of party in Western Europe itself appears by this time to have had more of a past than it has a future. Socialism is hardly a thriving faith in advanced western nations, and the old class base for protest movements is being shaken as Western European societies share larger national products, assimilate increasingly their higher paid workers to bourgeois styles of life, decrease the proportion of manualists in the total work force, and provide wider educational opportunities. As Aneurin Bevan said deploringly of the new generation of British working-class voters, whose support Labour had failed to attract in the 1959 general election, “This section of the population has become thoroughly Americanized.”

scholarly journals La doctrina de la potestas omninsular

Cliocanarias ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Víctor Pereyra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
New World ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Functional Image

Before Europeans were «shocked» by the sheer extent of American space opened up by discovery and conquest, the New World was thought —assembled and deconstructed— within the constricting frames of medieval thought. The first functional image that made it possible to «mentally compose» these new spaces was insularity. This image was perfectly suited to the traditional matrix of legal doctrine upheld by the roman papacy that will result in the so-called Alexandrian Bulls of Partition of 1493. The potestas omninsular —developed throughout the Late Middle Ages in Western Europe— constitutes the legal basis that gives meaning to this donation.

scholarly journals I fattori soggettivi nel «moderno capitalismo». La complicata ricezione italiana e le questioni insolute nel pensiero di W. Sombart

2020 ◽  
pp. 163-190
Author(s):  
Vitantonio Gioia
Keyword(s):  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Modern Capitalism ◽  
Interesting Object ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
The Many ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Relationship

W. Sombart has always represented "a significant intellectual puzzle", but, beyond the contradictory (often overemphasised) aspects of his thought, he continues to be an interesting object of study, because of the innovative capacities that he showed in the analysis of the many original phenomena characterising the historical evolution of "modern capitalism". His innovative approach emerges in his interpretation, not always linear and univocal, of thinkers such as Marx and Schmoller, in his analysis of the relationship between religion and capitalism (and in his comparison with M. Weber on this specific aspect), and, finally, in his reconstruction of the distinctive features of the phases of development of capitalism analysed in his Der moderne Kapitalismus.

Lectotypification of the Linnaean name Lobelia coronopifolia (Campanulaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 331 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
RAEES KHAN ◽  
SHEIKH ZAIN UL ABIDIN ◽  
ABDUL SAMAD MUMTAZ ◽  
FAHIM ALTINORDU ◽  
ALEXANDER SENNIKOV
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
New World ◽  
Eastern Asia

The genus Lobelia Linnaeus (1753: 929) honors the memory of Mathias de l’Obel (1538–1616), a Flemish physician and botanist who published important pre-Linnaean works on plant classification (see Shosteck 1974). Lobelia, a genus native to the New World, northern and western Europe, Africa, southern and eastern Asia, Australia and New Zealand, comprises 415 species and it is the second largest genus out of the 84 ones which currently belong to Campanulaceae Juss. (Lammers 2011).

National Aptitudes for Planning in Britain, France, and Italy

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Policy Planning ◽  
Normative Model ◽  
Modern Capitalism ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Formal Statement

THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC PLANNING WAS fashionable in the 1960s at a time when the French model had become extremely popular in Western Europe. However, analyses of planning experience were then generally inhibited by a preoccupation with descriptions of the formal planning procedures rather than with any serious attempt to assess anything but the economic consequences of planning. (Andrew Shonfield's classic study of Modern Capitalism was a conspicuous exception to this criticism.) Attention was focused on plans as official documents rather than upon a set of planning practices that might be only remotely related to any formal statement of public policy. Planning was viewed too much from the forecasting end rather than the implementation end and the rationality of objectives became more of a preoccupation than the practical problems of translating them into reality. A normative model of efficient decision-making was all too often assumed to be readily transposable because of a wholly unrealistic notion of the ways in which organizations work.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document