Some Experiments and Observations on the Longevity of Diphyllobothrium Infections

1936 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Leiper
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Typical Instance ◽  
Diphyllobothrium Latum

In an article on “The Longevity of Diphyllobothrium latum” published in 1935 in the “Recueil des Travaux dédié au 25-me Anniversaire Scientifique du Professeur Eugène Paviosky 1909−1934”, it is suggested that present day conceptions regarding the longevity of this parasite are erroneous and that multiple successive infections are frequently attributed to a single long-lived specimen. Ward gives a detailed review and analysis of the evidence hitherto published both in general works and special monographs and cites as specially important the history of the occurrence of this species on the North American continent. He points out that the age of the parasite is regularly based on the statement that the host had not been in an infected region for the period indicated. To this statement, Ward puts forward the objections that the distribution of the parasite and the natural occurrence of plerocercoid carrying fish are far more extensive than was formerly suspected and, further, that infected fish are distributed commercially as food to regions far outside their natural area of distribution. He also refers to certain records which seem to indicate that there is a “period of inactivity” during the adult life of the parasite and suggests that its alleged occurrence throws doubt upon the supposed longevity of the parasite. In support of this contention, he cites, as a typical instance, a case of human infection with Diphyllobothrium latum reported by me (Leiper, 1928) as a “cryptic infection”; regarding which he erroneously states that I believed was “latent” for 5 years.

Disaster and Response in an Experiment Called New Orleans, 1700s–2000s

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Campanella
Keyword(s):  
New Orleans ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
American Continent ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Risk

As an urbanized river-dominated delta, New Orleans, Louisiana, ranks among the most experimental of cities, a test of whether the needs of a stable human settlement can coexist with the fluidity of a deltaic environment—and what happens when they do not. That natural environment bestowed upon New Orleans numerous advantages, among them abundant fresh water, fertile soils, productive wetlands and, above all, expedient passage between maritime and continental realms. But with those advantages came exposure to potential hazards—an overflowing Mississippi River, a tempestuous Gulf of Mexico, sinking soils, eroding coasts, rising seas, biotic invasion, pestilence, political and racial discord, conflagration—made all the worse by the high levels of social vulnerability borne by all too many members of New Orleans’ population. More so than any other major metropolis on the North American continent, this history of disaster and response is about the future of New Orleans as much as it is about the past. This article examines two dozen disasters of various types and scales, with origins oftentimes traceable to anthropogenic manipulation of the natural environment, and assesses the nature of New Orleans’ responses. It frames these assessments in the “risk triangle” framework offered by David Crichton and other researchers, which views urban risk as a function of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. “Hazard” implies the disastrous event or trauma itself; “exposure” means human proximity to the hazard, usually in the form of settlement patterns, and “vulnerability” indicates individuals’ and communities’ ability to respond resiliently and adaptively—which itself is a function of education, income, age, race, language, social capital, and other factors—after having been exposed to a hazard.

scholarly journals Albert Peter Low — The Iron Man of Labrador

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Derek H.C. Wilton
Keyword(s):  
River System ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Mining District ◽  
North West ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Wilderness Areas ◽  
Iron Ore Deposits ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Results

In 1893–1894, Albert Peter Low of the Geological Survey of Canada, along with D.I.V. Eaton and four indigenous assistants explored the Labrador Peninsula, then perceived as one of the last great unexplored wilderness areas of North America. The expedition left Lake St. John (now Lac St. Jean) on June 17, 1893, canoeing across the northeastern edge of the North American continent, arriving at Fort Chimo (now Kuujjuaq) on August 27, 1893. They departed Fort Chimo by steamer for Rigolet on the Labrador coast and the Hudson Bay Company post at North West River in the fall of 1893. On March 6, 1894 the party started up the Grand (now Churchill) River continuing through large central lakes into the Ashuanipi river system in western Labrador, then out via the Attikonak River to the Romaine River and finally the Saint Jean river system to arrive at Mingan on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River on August 23, 1894. Low described their fifteen-month journey as having covered over 8700 km including 1600 km on foot, over 4700 km in canoe, 800 km by dog team and 1600 km by steamer. The report from the expedition provides a compendium on the natural history of the region as well as the first geological maps. In terms of economic and scientific results, the greatest was documentation of the vast iron ore deposits of western Labrador; a world-class mining district that has been producing for sixty-three years since 1954. Low’s account also provides details on the essence of such an epic journey, which stands as a classic in the annals of Canadian geological surveying.RÉSUMÉEn 1893–1894, Albert Peter Low de la Commission géologique du Canada, accompagné du D.I.V. Eaton et quatre assistants autochtones ont exploré la péninsule du Labrador, alors perçue comme l'une des dernières grandes étendues sauvages inexplorées d’Amérique du Nord. L’équipe a quitté le Lake St. John (aujourd'hui le lac Saint-Jean) le 17 juin 1893, a traversé la bordure nord-est du continent nord-américain en canoë, et est arrivé à Fort Chimo (aujourd'hui Kuujjuaq) le 27 août 1893. À l'automne de 1893, ils ont quitté Fort Chimo à bord d'un vapeur pour Rigolet, sur la côte du Labrador, et le poste de la Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson sur la rivière North West. Le 6 mars 1894, les membres de l'équipe ont remonté la rivière Grand (aujourd'hui Churchill), puis à travers les grands lacs centraux jusqu'au bassin de la rivière Ashuanipi, dans l'ouest du Labrador, puis, par la rivière Attikonak jusqu' à la rivière Romaine et, enfin, le réseau de la rivière Saint-Jean jusqu’à Mingan, sur la rive nord du fleuve Saint-Laurent, le 23 août 1894. L’excursion décrite par Low a duré quinze mois et parcouru plus de 8700 km dont 1600 km à pied, plus de 4700 km en canoë, 800 km en attelage de chiens et 1600 km en bateau à vapeur. Le rapport de l'expédition constitue un recueil sur l'histoire naturelle de la région ainsi que des premières cartes géologiques. En ce qui concerne les répercussions économiques et scientifiques, la plus importante en a été la documentation des vastes gisements de minerai de fer de l'ouest du Labrador, un district minier de classe mondiale, en production pendant soixante-trois ans depuis 1954. Le récit de Low fournit également des détails sur le caractère épique d’une telle expédition, laquelle est un classique dans les annales de la Commission géologique du Canada.

Hernando Alonso: The First Jew on the North-American Continent

1963 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour B. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
American Continent ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of

A history of the Jews in Mexico from 1521 to the present has never been written in any language. Few have written on any aspect of the life of the Mexican Jews during the colonial period. What little has been written has concentrated upon the life and family of the conquistador and Gobernador, don Luis Carvajal y de la Cueva (1539-1590) and one other Jew, Tomas Treviño de Sobremonte, who was burned alive in the Grand Auto de Fé of April 11, 1649.The focusing of attention on the Carvajals has obscured the fact that Jews had preceded them into Mexico by 60 years and that Jews have inhabited Mexico uninterruptedly since 1521. Little note has been made of the fact that Jews had been victims of the Inquisition prior to 1590. The historian's task of gleaning information from documents and people usually results in an interpretation colored by his own background, scholarship, economic status, conviction and even religion. We submit the following as a clear example of the foregoing.

Mystik als Motiv devotionaler Fitness?

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-193
Author(s):  
Benedikt Bauer
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Recent History ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Evangelical Christians ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of

Abstract This contribution discusses the connection between the - regarding the recent history of research - still young topic of devotional fitness and the category of mystics. Evangelical Christians on the North American continent participate in this phenomenon of piety featuring mystical motifs and impulses. This amalgamation of mystical motifs and somatic aspects is exemplified in three different programs.

Distribution of Diphyllobothrium latum in the populations of pike in lakes of Transbaikalia

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Жепхолова ◽  
O. Zhepkholova ◽  
Дугаров ◽  
Zh. Dugarov ◽  
Толочко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Selenga River ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Diphyllobothrium Latum ◽  
North Eastern Part ◽  
Parasitological Study

Objective of research. The aim of the study was to explore the degree of contamination of pike and other fish species, plerosarcoidoma Diphyllobothrium latum in water bodies of the Baikal region. Materials and methods. In 2009-2014 was conducted parasitological study on infestation role of the D. latum plerocercoids of various species of fish. Just investigated 20 specimens of pike, 38 – burbot, 91 – perch and ruff 73 specimens in lakes of the North-Eastern part of Transbaikalia, located located in different districts of the Republic of Buryatia. The infection of fish with plerocercoids of D. latum were evaluated by extensiveness (EI), the abundance index (EI) and the intensity of infection (AI). Results and discussion. The pike infestation with plerocercoids of D. latum in lake. Goose in 2013-2014 decreased in 3 times compared with a maximum in 1973-1974 and was 0.8 % most Often, the D. latum plerocercoids are localized in the adipose tissue, the gonads, the wall of the swim bladder, liver, peritoneal epithelium, muscle, the wall of the stomach and the villagesince respectively 40,9 %; 13,8; 9,1; 9,1; 9,1; 4,5; 4,5; 4,5 and 4.5 % of cases. In Transbaikalia the fish parasitize three species of tapeworms, of which the epidemiological importance of the D. latum, D. dendriticum. D. ditremum in humans does not develop until the adult stage. In the region annually celebrate 150-450 cases of difillobotrioza in humans. In the basin of the Selenga river is-the reputed source of human infection by difillobotrioza are pike and perch, the infected with its good-Azerbaijani D. latum and the Baikal omul Coregonus migratorius infected with D. dendriticum. EI Baikal omul D. dendriticum is 62.3-100 %, and IO – 4,0-9,8 copies of This cestode is brought in the Selenga river from oz. The Baikal in the autumn spawning of Arctic Cisco. On owasco-FDI sample of human feces is impossible to distinguish the species D. latum and D. dendriticum. Probably in the Selenga region of Buryatia, there is a hotbed of difillobotrios caused by these two species of cestodes.

Industrial Experiments in the Wilderness: A Sidelight in the Business History of the Hudson's Bay Company

1958 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-433
Author(s):  
Alvin C. Gluek
Keyword(s):  
Fur Trade ◽  
Business History ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Hudson's Bay Company ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Industrial Experiments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hudson’S Bay Company

Development of the North American continent was a halting process, characterized by use and misuse of latent opportunities. The Hudson's Bay Company, giant in fur trade and northern exploration, proved by trial and error experiments that abundant natural assets were not in themselves the magic key to wealth.

scholarly journals Permanent and temporary migrations of european jews late XIXth - early XXth century

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Marianna Lasinska
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Xxth Century ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Jewish Emigration

Big part of European Jewry emigrated to other continents in late XIXth – early XXth century. Jews from Russian Empire started their first emigration wave in 1881. The main reason of this wave was Pogroms, according to traditional historiography. Other reasons were: low social level of life in Russian Empire; restrictions on Jewish rights («Pale of Settlement»); religious and ideological ideas of Zionism; networks of relatives and friends with information about wonderful life in other countries; Jewish hometown-based associations in foreign countries with their help to new immigrants etc. One more reason of Jewish migration – the work of recruiting agents network. The Number of recruiting agents was too big in Russian Empire in late XIXth – early XXth century. The business with recruiting of new emigrants was a very profitable. Mass of Jewish people coming out from Russian Empire to other countries and continents with recruiting agents services. There were many scammers in association of recruiting agents. Two waves of Jewish emigration caused irreparable damage economic system and demography of Russian Empire. Situation with Jewish immigration into Russian Empire was quite different. It`s character was not such mass. The main reasons of immigration were: business, finance and Zionism. This study is based on archival materials of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire of the Vilnius Governor-General, which are stored in the holdings of the Central Archives for the History of Jewish People Jerusalem (State of Israel). These archival materials are about permanent and temporary migration of European Jewry that took place across the northwestern border of the Russian Empire to the territories of Western European countries, England and the North American continent during 1881-1903. Circumstances of crossing the specified border by foreigner Jews in the opposite direction (immigration) for staying within the Russian Empire are covered. It is noted that one of the reasons for the mass emigration movements of the Jewish population outside the Russian Empire was the active actions of emigration agents and their societies.

scholarly journals Presence of granulocytic ehrlichia in ticks and serological evidence of human infection in La Rioja, Spain

2001 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. OTEO ◽  
H. GIL ◽  
M. BARRAL ◽  
A. PÉREZ ◽  
S. JIMENEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
La Rioja ◽  
North Of Spain

In order to estimate the risks of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) in an endemic area for Lyme disease in the North of Spain (La Rioja), we collected and investigated by PCR specific to the E. phagocytophila group DNA, a total of 6870 Ixodes ricinus ticks. We also used an indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) test to study the presence of antibodies to the HGE agent in 147 human serum samples including patients with Lyme disease (LD), forestry workers, and persons with history of previous tick bite. Fifty serum samples from healthy people resident in urban areas and with no history of tick-bite disorder and without tick exposure were used as controls. Four of 76 adults and 49 of 203 nymphs pools carried E. phagocytophila DNA. This result, and the finding of 1·4% of sera reacting in the IFI test confirms that this tick-borne agent is present in La Rioja, and that humans show evidence of contact with it. HGE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of flu-like syndromes in the study area in the north of Spain.

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