A comparison of the prevalence of Spirocerca lupi in three groups of dogs with different life and hunting styles

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Mylonakis ◽  
A.F. Koutinas ◽  
M.V. Liapi ◽  
M.N. Saridomichelakis ◽  
T.S. Rallis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Spirocerca Lupi ◽  
Faecal Examination ◽  
Examination Technique ◽  
Hunting Dogs ◽  
Sedimentation Technique ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Privately Owned

The prevalence ofSpirocerca lupiin 260 privately owned dogs with different life and hunting styles in Greece was based on the examination of randomly taken faecal samples using Teleman's sedimentation technique. The dogs did not demonstrate any clinical signs of spirocerciasis. Although the prevalence was 10%, it was found to be significantly higher in trace hunting dogs (21%), than in scent hunting dogs (5%) and household pets (0%). There was no relationship between prevalence and age/sex of dogs. The impact of life and hunting styles on the prevalence ofS. lupiin the dog and that of the faecal examination technique, are discussed.

Lungworms (Metastrongylus Spp.) Demonstrated in Domestic Pigs with Respiratory Disease - What was the True Relevance of that?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Wallgren ◽  
Emelie Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Routine Inspection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundAn outdoor pig herd was affected by severe respiratory disease in one out of three pastures. At necropsy, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida were detected in the lungs, as well as the lung worm Metastrongylus apri. The life cycle of Metastrongylus spp. includes earth worms as an intermediate host, and since domesticated pigs mainly are reared indoors lungworms has not been diagnosed in domestic pigs in Sweden for decades, not even in pigs reared outdoors. Therefore, this disease outbreak was scrutinised from the view of validating the impact of Metastrongylus spp..ResultsAt the time of the disease outbreak, neither eggs of Metastrongylus spp. nor Ascaris suum were detected in faeces of pigs aged ten weeks. In contrast, five-months-old pigs at the pasture with respiratory disease shed large amounts of eggs from Ascaris suum, whereas Ascaris suum not was demonstrated in healthy pigs aged six months at another pasture. Low numbers of eggs from Metastrongylus spp. were seen in faecal samples from both these age categories.At slaughter, seven weeks later, ten normal weighted pigs in the preceding healthy batch were compared with ten normal weighted and five small pigs from the affected batch. Healing Mycoplasma-like pneumonic lesions were seen in all groups. Small pigs had more white spot liver lesions, and all small pigs shed eggs of Ascaris suum in faeces, compared to around 50% of the pigs in the normally sized groups. Metastrongylus spp. were demonstrated in 13 of the 25 pigs (52%), %), representing all groups included.ConclusionAs Metastrongylus spp. were demonstrated regardless of health status, and in another healthy outdoor herd, the impact of Metastrongylus spp. on the outbreak of respiratory disease was depreciated. Instead, Metastrongylus spp. was suggested to be common in outdoor production, although rarely diagnosed. The reason for this is because they will escape detection at routine inspection at slaughterhouses, and that they appeared to generally not induce clinical signs of respiratory disease. Instead, a possible association with a high burden of Ascaris suum was suggested to have preceded the severe outbreak with respiratory disease.

scholarly journals Spirocercosis in Dogs in Israel

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
N. Geva ◽  
G. Štrkolcová
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Preventative Treatment ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Spirocerca Lupi ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Paratenic Hosts

Abstract Spirocerca lupi is a nematode causing spirocercosis disease that affects mostly carnivores and especially canidae. The life cycle of S. lupi includes a coprophagous beetle as an obligatory intermediate host and a variety of facultative paratenic hosts. In Israel, spirocercosis is considered to be a serious condition with a variety of clinical signs comprising a great risk to canine populations. The diagnosis at an early infective stage is unreliable and the vast majority of infected dogs are diagnosed only when the disease has advanced. In advanced stages of the disease, treatment is difficult and there is a high risk for complications. A study was carried out to compare the prevalence of S. lupi in the central region of Israel with a previous investigation and by that consequently try to estimate the efficacy of preventative treatment used nowadays in Israel. The study was done by the use of two different methods: looking for the infective larvae (L3) in the main intermediate host in Israel, Ontophagus sellatus, and searching for the eggs of S. lupi by performing flotation methods on faecal samples. Beetles and faecal samples were collected from four different locations in the winter and summer of 2017, 2018, and 2019. According to the literature review and collection of data from case studies, the prevalence of spirocercosis is increasing in Israel, despite the negative results from the dissections of beetles and faecal samples.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection: a series of cases from the Federal District, Midwestern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Luise Schulte ◽  
José Diego Brito-Sousa ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Guimarães Lacerda ◽  
Luciana Ansaneli Naves ◽  
Eliana Teles de Gois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Since the novel coronavirus disease outbreak, over 179.7 million people have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, including the population living in dengue-endemic regions, particularly Latin America and Southeast Asia, raising concern about the impact of possible co-infections. Methods Thirteen SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection cases reported in Midwestern Brazil between April and September of 2020 are described. Information was gathered from hospital medical records regarding the most relevant clinical and laboratory findings, diagnostic process, therapeutic interventions, together with clinician-assessed outcomes and follow-up. Results Of the 13 cases, seven patients presented Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Syndrome and six had pre-existing co-morbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension and hypopituitarism. Two patients were pregnant. The most common symptoms and clinical signs reported at first evaluation were myalgia, fever and dyspnea. In six cases, the initial diagnosis was dengue fever, which delayed the diagnosis of concomitant infections. The most frequently applied therapeutic interventions were antibiotics and analgesics. In total, four patients were hospitalized. None of them were transferred to the intensive care unit or died. Clinical improvement was verified in all patients after a maximum of 21 days. Conclusions The cases reported here highlight the challenges in differential diagnosis and the importance of considering concomitant infections, especially to improve clinical management and possible prevention measures. Failure to consider a SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection may impact both individual and community levels, especially in endemic areas.

scholarly journals A 7-month inhalation toxicology study in C57BL/6 mice demonstrates reduced pulmonary inflammation and emphysematous changes following smoking cessation or switching to e-vapor products

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239784732199587
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Kumar ◽  
Ulrike Kogel ◽  
Marja Talikka ◽  
Celine Merg ◽  
Emmanuel Guedj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Inhalation Study ◽  
Toxicology Study ◽  
Nasal Tissue ◽  
Product Switching ◽  
The Impact

Cigarette smoking causes serious diseases, including lung cancer, atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. While cessation remains the most effective approach to minimize smoking-related disease, alternative non-combustible tobacco-derived nicotine-containing products may reduce disease risks among those unable or unwilling to quit. E-vapor aerosols typically contain significantly lower levels of smoke-related harmful and potentially harmful constituents; however, health risks of long-term inhalation exposures are unknown. We designed a 7-month inhalation study in C57BL/6 mice to evaluate long-term respiratory toxicity of e-vapor aerosols compared to cigarette smoke and to assess the impact of smoking cessation (Cessation group) or switching to an e-vapor product (Switching group) after 3 months of exposure to 3R4F cigarette smoke (CS). There were no significant changes in in-life observations (body weights, clinical signs) in e-vapor groups compared to the Sham Control. The 3R4F CS group showed reduced respiratory function during exposure and had lower body weight and showed transient signs of distress post-exposure. Following 7 months of exposure, e-vapor aerosols resulted in no or minimal increase in pulmonary inflammation, while exposure to 3R4F CS led to impairment of lung function and caused marked lung inflammation and emphysematous changes. Biological changes observed in the Switching group were similar to the Cessation group. 3R4F CS exposure dysregulated the lung and nasal tissue transcriptome, while these molecular effects were substantially lower in the e-vapor group. Results from this study demonstrate that in comparison with 3R4F CS, e-vapor aerosols induce substantially lower biological responses including pulmonary inflammation and emphysematous changes, and that complete switching from CS to e-vapor products significantly reduces biological changes associated with CS in C57BL/6 mice.

scholarly journals Professionalism, Payment by Results and the Probation Service: A Qualitative Study of the Impact of Marketisation on Professional Autonomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 095001702110038
Author(s):  
Matt Tidmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Community Rehabilitation ◽  
Probation Office ◽  
Probation Service ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Privately Owned

This article utilises Foucauldian understandings of the sociology of the professions to explore how marketising reforms to probation services in England and Wales, and the implementation of a ‘Payment by Results’ (PbR) mechanism in particular, have impacted professional autonomy. Drawing on an ethnographic study of a probation office within a privately owned Community Rehabilitation Company, it argues that an inability to control the socio-economic organisation of probation work has rendered the service susceptible to challenges to autonomy over technique. PbR was proffered as a means to restore practitioner discretion; however, the article demonstrates that probation staff have been compelled to economise their autonomy, adapting their conduct to conform to market-related forms of accountability. In this sense, it presents the Transforming Rehabilitation reforms to probation as a case study of the impact of marketisation on the autonomy of practitioners working within a public sector profession.

scholarly journals New onset of atrial fibrillation in cardiogenic shock

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Santos ◽  
T Vieira ◽  
J Fernandes ◽  
AR Ferreira ◽  
M Rios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction The development of cardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with worse prognosis, and can produce several hemodynamic manifestations. Then, is not surprised the manifestation of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in these patients. Purpose Evaluate the impact of cardiovascular previous history, clinical signs and diagnosis procedures at admission as predictors of new-onset of AF in CS. Methods Single-centre retrospective study, engaging patients hospitalized for CS between 1/01/2014-30/10/2018. 222 patients with CS are included, 40 of them presented new onset of AF. Chi-square test, T-student test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare categorical and continuous variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate predictors of new-onset AF in CS patients. Results CS patients without AF had a mean age of 61.08 ± 13.77 years old, on the other hand new-onset of AF patients in the setting of CS had a mean age of 67.02 ± 14.21 years old (p = 0.016). Nevertheless, no differences between the two groups was detected regarding the sex cardiovascular history (namely arterial hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoker status, alcohol intake, previous acute coronary syndrome, history of angina, previous cardiomyopathy), neoplasia history, cardiac arrest during the CS, clinical signs at admission (like heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate), blood results (hemoglobin, leukocytes, troponin, creatinine, C-Reactive protein), left ventricular ejection fraction and the culprit lesion. New-onset of AF in CS patient had not impact in mortality rates. Multiple logistic regression reveals that only age was a predictor of new onset of AF in CS patients (odds ratio 1.032, confident interval 1.004-1.060, p = 0.024). Conclusions Age was the best predictor of new-onset AF in CS patients. The presence of this arrhythmia can have a hemodynamic impact, however, seems not influenced the final outcome.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium myocastoris n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae), the Species Adapted to the Nutria (Myocastor coypus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Jana Ježková ◽  
Zlata Limpouchová ◽  
Jitka Prediger ◽  
Nikola Holubová ◽  
Bohumil Sak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Prepatent Period ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Myocastor Coypus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Faecal Samples

Cryptosporidium spp., common parasites of vertebrates, remain poorly studied in wildlife. This study describes the novel Cryptosporidium species adapted to nutrias (Myocastor coypus). A total of 150 faecal samples of feral nutria were collected from locations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and examined for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and specific DNA at the SSU, actin, HSP70, and gp60 loci. Molecular analyses revealed the presence of C. parvum (n = 1), C. ubiquitum subtype family XIId (n = 5) and Cryptosporidium myocastoris n. sp. XXIIa (n = 2), and XXIIb (n = 3). Only nutrias positive for C. myocastoris shed microscopically detectable oocysts, which measured 4.8–5.2 × 4.7–5.0 µm, and oocysts were infectious for experimentally infected nutrias with a prepatent period of 5–6 days, although not for mice, gerbils, or chickens. The infection was localised in jejunum and ileum without observable macroscopic changes. The microvilli adjacent to attached stages responded by elongating. Clinical signs were not observed in naturally or experimentally infected nutrias. Phylogenetic analyses at SSU, actin, and HSP70 loci demonstrated that C. myocastoris n. sp. is distinct from other valid Cryptosporidium species.

scholarly journals African Swine Fever Laboratory Diagnosis—Lessons Learned from Recent Animal Trials

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Jutta Pikalo ◽  
Paul Deutschmann ◽  
Melina Fischer ◽  
Hanna Roszyk ◽  
Martin Beer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Animal Trials ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
The Impact

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a hemorrhagic disease in pigs with high socio-economic consequences. To lower the impact of disease incursions, early detection is crucial. In the context of experimental animal trials, we evaluated diagnostic workflows for a high sample throughput in active surveillance, alternative sample matrices for passive surveillance, and lateral flow devices (LFD) for rapid testing. We could demonstrate that EDTA blood is significantly better suited for early ASFV detection than serum. Tissues recommended by the respective diagnostic manuals were in general comparable in their performance, with spleen samples giving best results. Superficial lymph nodes, ear punches, and different blood swabs were also evaluated as potential alternatives. In summary, all matrices yielded positive results at the peak of clinical signs and could be fit for purpose in passive surveillance. However, weaknesses were discovered for some matrices when it comes to the early phase of infection or recovery. The antigen LFD showed variable results with best performance in the clinical phase. The antibody LFD was quite comparable with ELISA systems. Concluding, alternative approaches are feasible but have to be embedded in control strategies selecting test methods and sample materials following a “fit-for-purpose” approach.

The minimum effective dose of praziquantel in treatment of Hymenolepis diminuta in rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Fan ◽  
A. Ito
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Faecal Examination ◽  
Faecal Samples

AbstractTo determine the minimum effective dose of praziquantel against Hymenolepis diminuta in rats, 5.0 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, or 0.05 mg/kg praziquantel were given to each of five experimentally infected rats in six groups. Faecal samples from each rat were examined for worms on day 10. Based on the results of faecal examination and autopsy, the minimum effective dose of praziquantel against Hymenolepis diminuta in rats was determined to be 0.5 mg/kg.

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