Morphological and molecular analyses of the spiruroid nematode, Falcaustra araxiana Massino, 1924 (= Spironoura araxiana) from the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis)

AbstractThere is little information on the phylogenetic position and life cycle of family Kathlaniidae. Falcaustra araxiana is a member of this family which infects the large intestine of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis). In the present study, morphological data and molecular analyses based on the 18S rDNA were performed on different types of F. araxiana originating from the large intestine and gastric nodules in the turtle. Morphological data revealed both larvae and adult stages in the gastric nodules. In addition, all nematodes recovered in the large intestine were adult worms. GenBank accession numbers KM200715 and KM200716 were provided for adult F. araxiana located in the intestine and stomach, respectively, of E. orbicularis. The results of sequencing proved that these two types are completely similar. Accordingly, it can be hypothesized that nodule formation is a part of the life cycle of the parasite or a survival strategy. Furthermore, F. araxiana develops to the adult stage in the gastric mucosa prior to migrating to the large intestine. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that F. araxiana unexpectedly branched away from other members of the superfamily Seuratoidea (Truttaedacnitis truttae, Cucullanus robustus and C. baylisi) and showed a closer relationship with Paraquimperia africana, a member of the Ascaridoidea. It seems that phylogenetic reconstruction for the present parasite needs more detailed morphology, life cycle and molecular studies.

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Phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical Pristimantis leptolophus species group (Anura: Craugastoridae): molecular approach and description of a new polymorphic species

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4242.2.6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4242 (2) ◽

pp. 313

Author(s):

MAURICIO RIVERA-CORREA ◽

CARLOS JIMÉNEZ-RIVILLAS ◽

JUAN M. DAZA

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Species Group ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Polymorphic Species ◽

Species Groups

Pristimantis, distributed throughout the New World tropics, is the most speciose vertebrate genus. Pristimantis presents an enormous morphological diversity and is currently divided into several demonstrably non-monophyletic phenetic species groups. With the purpose of increasing our understanding of Pristimantis systematics, we present the first phylogenetic analysis using molecular evidence to test the monophyly and infer evolutionary relationships within the Pristimantis leptolophus group, an endemic group of frogs from the highlands of the Colombian Andes. Our phylogenetic reconstruction recovers the group as monophyletic with high support, indicating general concordance between molecular data and morphological data. In addition, we describe a new polymorphic species lacking conspicuous tubercles, a regular attribute among species of the P. leptolophus species group and endemic from the Páramo de Sonsón complex (Antioquia, Colombia). The phylogenetic position of the new species is inferred and other systematic implications in the light of our results are discussed.

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A molecular phylogenetic appraisal of the acanthostominesAcanthostomumandTimoniellaand their position within Cryptogonimidae (Trematoda: Opisthorchioidea)

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.4158 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e4158 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Andrés Martínez-Aquino ◽

Victor M. Vidal-Martínez ◽

M. Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Ecological Implications ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

28S Ribosomal Dna

The phylogenetic position of three taxa from two trematode genera, belonging to the subfamily Acanthostominae (Opisthorchioidea: Cryptogonimidae), were analysed using partial 28S ribosomal DNA (Domains 1–2) and internal transcribed spacers (ITS1–5.8S–ITS2). Bayesian inference and Maximum likelihood analyses of combined 28S rDNA and ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2 sequences indicated the monophyly of the genusAcanthostomum(A.cf.americanumandA. burminis) and paraphyly of the Acanthostominae.These phylogenetic relationships were consistent in analyses of 28S alone and concatenated 28S + ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2 sequences analyses. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses, the subfamily Acanthostominae is therefore a paraphyletic taxon, in contrast with previous classifications based on morphological data. Phylogenetic patterns of host specificity inferred from adult stages of other cryptogonimid taxa are also well supported. However, analyses using additional genera and species are necessary to support the phylogenetic inferences from this study. Our molecular phylogenetic reconstruction linked two larval stages ofA.cf.americanumcercariae and metacercariae. Here, we present the evolutionary and ecological implications of parasitic infections in freshwater and brackish environments.

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Antecedents of parental psychological control: A narrative review grounded in Self-Determination Theory perspective

MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL INFANZIA ◽

10.3280/mal2020-002003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 29-54

Author(s):

Sebastiano Costa ◽

Francesca Liga ◽

Maria Cristina Gugliandolo ◽

Simona Sireno ◽

Rosalba Larcan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Social Environment ◽

Psychological Control ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Self Determination ◽

Parental Psychological Control ◽

Parental Characteristics ◽

Different Types ◽

Control Construct

Self-determination theory has become a consolidated theoretical framework to deepen the psychological control construct. Numerous studies have widely investigated the consequences of the use of this parenting strategy during the life cycle. Although studies focused on the antecedents of parental psychological control are not so numerous, they provide an interesting picture that needs to be systematized and organized. For this reason, this narra-tive review was aimed at describing the studies on the antecedents of psychological control that used SDT as a theoretical framework. These studies were structured according to three categories: Parental Characteristics (or pressure from within), Child Characteristics (pres-sure from below), and Family Social Environment Characteristics (pressure from above). The results highlighted a wealth of studies in each category and indicating the need to con-tinue this line of studies in the future through the integration of the different types of ante-cedents too.

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Potential Effects of Human Papillomavirus Type Substitution, Superinfection Exclusion and Latency on the Efficacy of the Current L1 Prophylactic Vaccines

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13010022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Ian N. Hampson ◽

Anthony W. Oliver ◽

Lynne Hampson

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

High Risk ◽

Outcome Data ◽

Benign Lesions ◽

Complex Dynamic ◽

Papilloma Virus ◽

Superinfection Exclusion ◽

Different Types ◽

Hpv Types ◽

Type Substitution

There are >200 different types of human papilloma virus (HPV) of which >51 infect genital epithelium, with ~14 of these classed as high-risk being more commonly associated with cervical cancer. During development of the disease, high-risk types have an increased tendency to develop a truncated non-replicative life cycle, whereas low-risk, non-cancer-associated HPV types are either asymptomatic or cause benign lesions completing their full replicative life cycle. HPVs can also be present as non-replicative so-called “latent” infections and they can also show superinfection exclusion, where cells with pre-existing infections with one type cannot be infected with a different HPV type. Thus, the HPV repertoire and replication status present in an individual can form a complex dynamic meta-community which changes with respect to both time and exposure to different HPV types. In light of these considerations, it is not clear how current prophylactic HPV vaccines will affect this system and the potential for iatrogenic outcomes is discussed in light of recent outcome data.

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Project Narratives That Potentially Perform and Change the Future

Project Management Journal ◽

10.1177/8756972821995340 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 875697282199534

Author(s):

Natalya Sergeeva ◽

Graham M. Winch

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Value Creation ◽

Future Research ◽

Future Research Agenda ◽

Project Life Cycle ◽

Different Types ◽

The Future ◽

Organizational Narrative ◽

Project Life ◽

Future Project

This article develops a framework for applying organizational narrative theory to understand project narratives that potentially perform and change the future. Project narratives are temporal but often get repeated throughout the project life cycle to stabilize meaning, and could be about project mission, vision, identity, value creation, and so forth. Project narratives have important implications for organizational identity and image crafting. This article differentiates among different types of project narratives in relation to a project life cycle, providing case studies of project narratives on three major UK rail projects. We then set out the future research agenda into project narrative work.

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Engineering Design Process of Face Masks Based on Circularity and Life Cycle Assessment in the Constraint of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13094948 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 4948

Author(s):

Núria Boix Rodríguez ◽

Giovanni Formentini ◽

Claudio Favi ◽

Marco Marconi

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

New Device ◽

Engineering Design Process ◽

Life Cycle Perspective ◽

Different Types ◽

3D Printed ◽

Negative Impacts

Face masks are currently considered key equipment to protect people against the COVID-19 pandemic. The demand for such devices is considerable, as is the amount of plastic waste generated after their use (approximately 1.6 million tons/day since the outbreak). Even if the sanitary emergency must have the maximum priority, environmental concerns require investigation to find possible mitigation solutions. The aim of this work is to develop an eco-design actions guide that supports the design of dedicated masks, in a manner to reduce the negative impacts of these devices on the environment during the pandemic period. Toward this aim, an environmental assessment based on life cycle assessment and circularity assessment (material circularity indicator) of different types of masks have been carried out on (i) a 3D-printed mask with changeable filters, (ii) a surgical mask, (iii) an FFP2 mask with valve, (iv) an FFP2 mask without valve, and (v) a washable mask. Results highlight how reusable masks (i.e., 3D-printed masks and washable masks) are the most sustainable from a life cycle perspective, drastically reducing the environmental impacts in all categories. The outcomes of the analysis provide a framework to derive a set of eco-design guidelines which have been used to design a new device that couples protection requirements against the virus and environmental sustainability.

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Whole-Body Regeneration in Sponges: Diversity, Fine Mechanisms, and Future Prospects

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12040506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 506

Author(s):

Alexander Ereskovsky ◽

Ilya E. Borisenko ◽

Fyodor V. Bolshakov ◽

Andrey I. Lavrov

Keyword(s):

Single Species ◽

Whole Body ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Main Body ◽

Regenerative Processes ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Different Types ◽

Dissociated Cells ◽

Shed Light ◽

Regeneration Processes

While virtually all animals show certain abilities for regeneration after an injury, these abilities vary greatly among metazoans. Porifera (Sponges) is basal metazoans characterized by a wide variety of different regenerative processes, including whole-body regeneration (WBR). Considering phylogenetic position and unique body organization, sponges are highly promising models, as they can shed light on the origin and early evolution of regeneration in general and WBR in particular. The present review summarizes available data on the morphogenetic and cellular mechanisms accompanying different types of WBR in sponges. Sponges show a high diversity of WBR, which principally could be divided into (1) WBR from a body fragment and (2) WBR by aggregation of dissociated cells. Sponges belonging to different phylogenetic clades and even to different species and/or differing in the anatomical structure undergo different morphogeneses after similar operations. A common characteristic feature of WBR in sponges is the instability of the main body axis: a change of the organism polarity is described during all types of WBR. The cellular mechanisms of WBR are different across sponge classes, while cell dedifferentiations and transdifferentiations are involved in regeneration processes in all sponges. Data considering molecular regulation of WBR in sponges are extremely scarce. However, the possibility to achieve various types of WBR ensured by common morphogenetic and cellular basis in a single species makes sponges highly accessible for future comprehensive physiological, biochemical, and molecular studies of regeneration processes.

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