scholarly journals Bacteriological quality of drinks from vending machines

1986 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Hunter ◽  
S. H. Burge
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

SUMMARYA survey on the bacteriological quality of both drinking water and flavoured drinks from coin-operated vending machines is reported. Forty-four per cent of 25 drinking water samples examined contained coliforms and 84% had viable counts of greater than 1000 organisms ml at 30 °C. Thirty-one flavoured drinks were examined; 6% contained coliforms and 39% had total counts greater than 1000 organisms ml. It is suggested that the D.H.S.S. code of practice on coin-operated vending machines is not being followed. It is also suggested that drinking water alone should not be dispensed from such machines.

scholarly journals Impact of Seasonal Variation on Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hussain Shar ◽  
Yasmeen Faiz Kazi ◽  
Irshad Hussain Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

To assess the bacteriological quality 768 drinking water samples were collected from different locations in Khairpur City, Sindh, Pakistan over a period of two years from January 2006 to December 2007. The study reveals that out of 768 drinking water samples 567 (73.83%) samples were found to be contaminated with total coliform among them 85 (11.06%) found in the January-March period, 182 (23.70%) in April-June period, 188 (24.47%) in July-September, 112 (14.58%) in October-December period. Faecal coliform was found in 351 (45.70%) water sample, in which 49 (15.80%) occurred during January-March, 137 (17.83%) during April-June, 136 (17.71%) during July-September and 69 (8.98%) during September-December. It can be concluded from the results of the present study that bacteriological quality of two-third drinking water in Khairpur City is not safe as the water is the potential source of diarrhoeal disease agents. Keywords: Drinking water; Khairpur City; Faecal pollution; DiarrhoeaDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i1.4862 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 1, June 2008, pp 69-72

scholarly journals Bacteriological Examination of Water supply and Drinking Water at Household level in Makalbari Area by the Most Probable Number Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Bharati Shakya ◽  
Supri Raj Shrestha ◽  
Vinutha Silvanus
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Water safety and quality are fundamental to human development and well-being. Yet, at least 2 billion people are using a drinking water source contaminated with feces worldwide. This study was conducted to assess the types of water supply, storage and methods of purification of drinking water and to examine the bacteriological quality of supplied and drinking water at household level by most probable number (MPN) test in Makalbari area in Gokarneshwor Municipality, Kathmandu. A total of 80 households were selected using simple random sampling technique and two samples (one from main water supply and another from drinking water, n=160 water samples) were collected from each household. Ethical clearance was taken from the Nepal Medical College Institutional Review Committee. SPSS version 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. Majority of water supply samples 65 (81.2%) were from tap, 11 (13.8%) were from well and 4 (5.0%) samples were from bore well. Bacteriologically, of the total water supply samples, 34 (42.5%) samples were excellent, 16 (20.0%) samples were suspicious and 30 (37.5%) samples were unsatisfactory by MPN index quality. Most of the households stored drinking water in the tanks 34 (42.5%). Most of the water samples 29 (36.3%) were directly consumed from the water supply without purification. Among the directly consumed drinking water samples, 13 (44.8%) samples showed unsatisfactory MPN index. Most commonly used methods of water purification was filtration 21 (26.2%). Of the total drinking water samples, 33 (41.25%) samples were positive for total coliform. Thirty-two (40.0%) of the households reported diarrhea in past one year. A highly significant association was found between MPN index of drinking water and occurrence of diarrhea in the households. The quality of the most of the water samples from water supply and drinking water were unsatisfactory. Inspite of this, drinking water was not purified in some of the households. Moreover, few of the drinking water samples were not potable even after purification. Therefore, community should be made aware to improve quality of drinking water in households.

scholarly journals Ascertaining the Bacteriological Quality of Water Drawn from Cast and Non-cast Wells in Zaria, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Danjuma, Florence Yachim ◽  
Onaji, Ajegba Innocent ◽  
Ocheme Julius Okojokwu ◽  
Danladi Yakubu Papi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Internal Wall ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Quality

Lack of access to safe drinking water is a threat to public health and wellbeing of the people as it exposes them to risk of waterborne diseases. This study assessed the bacteriological quality of well water samples obtained from Zaria communities and compared the level of contamination between wells with internal wall casting (cast wells) and wells without internal wall casting (non-cast wells). Water samples from 142 wells were collected for a period of six months encompassing both rainy and dry seasons (July to September for rainy season and November to January for dry season). The water samples were collected and analysed for faecal contamination using membrane filtration technique. The water samples contained high density of bacterial counts ranging from 1.73x103±2.73x102 – 2.02x102±1.85x102cfu/100ml during the raining season and 4.17x102±3.07x101 – 1.39x103±3.27x102cfu/100ml during the dry season. Coliforms and E. coli were present in all the samples with  total coliform counts ranging from 1.06 x 103 – 2.12 x 104 cfu/100 ml and E. coli counts ranging from 5.10 X 102 – 5.0 X 104 cfu/100 ml Counts were higher during the raining season in all the locations compared to the dry season. Faecal coliform counts were higher in wells without casting (91.9%) compare to wells with casting (91.2%) while E. coli counts were higher in wells with casting (77.9%) compared to wells without casting (66.2%). There was no significant difference in the bacterial counts between cast and non-cast wells (p-values were all greater than 0.05).A total of 168 organisms were isolated from this study and they include; E. coli(48.3%), Klebsiella pnuemonaie(11.8%), Klebsiella ozanae(13.2%), Enterobacter agglomerans(11.8%), Enterobacter gergoviae(14.7%), Enterobacter aerogenes (8.8%), Citrobacter freundii(8.8%), Proteus mirabilis (5.9%), Serratia liquefaciens(10.3%) and Acinetobacter lwoffii (2.9%). E. coliwas isolated more frequently (48.3%) compared to other species and was more frequent in non-cast wells (50.0%) compared to cast wells (47.1%). Other species were more frequent in cast wells. The bacteria isolated from this study are mostly of enteric origin; these organisms acquire public health significance under certain conditions, therefore, their removal in drinking water should be given moderate priority. The wells in this study fail to meet the minimum standard for safe drinking water and are therefore not safe for domestic purposes especially for drinking purpose without adequate treatment.

scholarly journals The influence of electrogalvanic device on scaling

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjana Simonič ◽  
Irena Ban
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Aragonite Crystal ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

AbstractThe use of an electrogalvanic device for scale neutralisation is descibed in this paper. Physico-chemical analyses were performed before and after the treatment. The results were compared with those obtained by using magnetic water treatment device. By measuring some individual parameters and the implementation of chemical analysis, the satisfactory functioning of the electrogalvanic device was demonstrated. The quality of drinking water did not change much after the water treatment method. The results of determination of calcium carbonate saturating index showed that the raw drinking water is in carbonate equlibrium as well as both treated water samples. The calcite/aragonite ratio was studied by means of microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Inspection of crystals formed during the experiments with microscopy indicated that aragonite crystal structure of the precipitates prevailed over the calcite stucture. The diffractograms showed that the share of aragonite increased after using the electrogalvanic device compared with raw drinking water samples where the share of calcite was higher.

Bacteriological quality of drinking water at point of use and hand hygiene of primary food preparers: implications for household food safety

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
S. G. D. N. Lakshmi Reddi ◽  
R. Naveen Kumar ◽  
G. M. SubbaRao ◽  
M. Vishnu Vardhana Rao ◽  
R. V. Sudershan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Quality of water for consumption and food processing activities is universally accepted as an essential component to ensure food safety at household (HH) level. Along with safe water, hand hygiene is also an important factor for reducing diarrheal illnesses. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in rural and urban HHs to detect hygiene indicators in drinking water samples at point of use (PoU) (n = 150) and their association with the hand hygiene of primary food preparers (n = 150). Overall, 24.7% and 9.3% of drinking water samples (PoU), 48% and 20% of hand rinse samples were contaminated by faecal coliforms and E. coli, respectively. Both drinking water (PoU) and hand rinse samples collected from rural HHs showed higher contamination, followed by those from urban slums and low income HHs. Significant association (p < 0.05) and probable risk with faecal coliforms (OR. 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1–5.4) and E. coli (OR. 14.5; 95% CI: 4.1–50.7) was found between hand rinses and drinking water samples that had bacteriological contamination. These results suggest that there was an extensive cross contamination at HH level. So, targeted education is essential on safe food/water handling practices in HHs to prevent food safety risks.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER SYSTEM OF CENTRALIZED DRINKING WATER SUPPLY OF REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Abramkin ◽  
R.S. Rakhmanov
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Drinking Water System ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Surface water resources of Mordovia Republic characterized by an inconstant output during a year, therefore, underground artesian waters use for household and drinking water supply. In 2009–2015 the quality of drinking water samples taken in 22 districts of Mordovia was unfavorable according to content of fluorine (taken in 13 districts and city of Saransk), iron (taken in 11 districts and city of Saransk), strontium (1 district), iodine was absent in all water samples. The main contaminant was fluorides, their level was up to 1,5–5,2 MAC. The development and scientific substantiation of hygienic actions on group and individual prevention of exposure to elevated concentrations of fluorine as well as iodine deficiency in human body are required.

scholarly journals Analysis of physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water in Mafikeng, South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suma George Mulamattathil ◽  
Carlos Bezuidenhout ◽  
Moses Mbewe
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Physico Chemical

Mafikeng, the capital of the North West Province, receives water from two sources, namely the Molopo eye and the Modimola dam. Once treated, the potable water is mixed and supplied to the city via distribution systems. This study was designed to assess the quality of drinking water in Mafikeng and also to determine whether the water from the two sources has an impact on the mixed water quality. Physico-chemical parameters and bacteriological quality (faecal coliforms (FCs), total coliforms (TCs), heterotrophic bacteria and Peudomonas spp.) was monitored at three drinking water sites weekly for 4 months. The results revealed that the physico-chemical quality of the water was generally acceptable. The pH ranged from 5.7 ± 0.18 to 8.6 ± 0.14, the temperature ranged from 18.3 ± 0.69 to 25.1 ± 0.69 °C and the total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 159.9 ± 22.44 to 364.4 ± 12.44 mg/l. These values are within the target water quality range for drinking water as prescribed by WHO, Department of Water Affairs and SANS 241. What is of concern was the microbial quality of the water. FCs, TCs, heterotrophic bacteria and Pseudomonas spp. were present in some of the treated water samples. The most significant finding of this study is that all drinking water samples were positive for Pseudomonas spp. (>100/100 ml).

Analisis Kualitas Mikrobiologi Air Minum Isi Ulang di Depo Air Minum Isi Ulang Kelurahan Jemur Wonosari Kota Surabaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Ajeng Dwi Rahmawati ◽  
Akas Yekti Pulih Asih ◽  
Edza Aria Wikurendra
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Background: Based on the preliminary test using laboratory tests from three refill drinking water samples in Jemur Wonosari Village, all three were positive for Coliform. Therefore, researchers are interested in researching Analysis of the Microbiological Quality of Refilled Drinking Water at the Refill Drinking Water Depot in Jemur Wonosari Village. Objectives: Knowing the microbiological quality of refill drinking water produced at the refill drinking water depot in Jemur Wonosari Village. Research Methods: This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional quantitative approach using primary and secondary data sources. The population in this study were all 13 refill drinking water depots. The research takes the total population. Refillable drinking water samples were tested at the Gayung Sari Regional Health Service Laboratory. Data analysis used descriptive analysis by comparing the results of laboratory tests with Permenkes 492 of 2010. Results: The results showed that 13 samples found that 13 samples were positive for Coliform, and 13 samples were negative for Escherichia coli. According to Permenkes No. 429 of 2010, the maximum limit per 100 ml of sample is 0. So the 13 samples of refill drinking water based on microbiological parameters, namely Escherichia coli in refilled drinking water, meet the standard while the Coliform does not meet the standard. Conclusion: All refill drinking water depots in Keluraham Jemur Wonosari produce refilled drinking water whose quality does not meet the government's microbiological standards. There is a need for increased supervision and guidance at refill drinking water depots.   Keywords: Drinking Water, Microbiological Analysis, Refill Drinking Water Depot

scholarly journals Identification of microbial contaminants in drinking water samples of Ahmedabad using PCR

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohi T Bhatt ◽  
Manisha A Nagwadiya ◽  
Sheji Chandran ◽  
Bhupesh N Yagnik
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Its Rdna ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
16S Rdna Pcr ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Quality of drinking water is one of the greatest anxiety of water consumers with contamination of different pathogenic microorganisms especially fungi and bacteria. Water-borne pathogen contamination in water resources and related diseases are a major water quality concern throughout the world. A motivation for this study was the numerous reports about these contaminations of drinking water and the associated diseases. Water samples were collected from various locations of Ahmedabad in February 2017. The samples were analyzed by 16S rDNA PCR and ITS rDNA PCR since the DNA sequence polymorphisms in the 16S ribosomal DNA and ITS rDNA can be used for the identification of bacterial and fungal species respectively. The PCR amplicons were obtained for each water samples, were sequenced and the species identity was determined using NCBI-BLAST. Bacterial species of Aeromonas, Citrobacter and E. coli along with two fungal species were obtained from municipal water supplies and parab waters. Species of Aspergillus and Penicillium represented the most common fungi in municipal water supplies. This is the first report of molecular study from drinking water facilities of Ahmedabad. This study has clearly revealed that currently, the microbiological quality of the water is inferior for drinking purpose due to bacterial and fungal contamination. This study also showed the potential PCR based identification as a rapid technique for identifying microorganisms in drinking water samples.

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