scholarly journals Indigenous Inclusion/Black Exclusion: Race, Ethnicity and Multicultural Citizenship in Latin America

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIET HOOKER
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
Indigenous Group ◽  
Indigenous Movement ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Multicultural Citizenship

This article analyses the causes of the disparity in collective rights gained by indigenous and Afro-Latin groups in recent rounds of multicultural citizenship reform in Latin America. Instead of attributing the greater success of indians in winning collective rights to differences in population size, higher levels of indigenous group identity or higher levels of organisation of the indigenous movement, it is argued that the main cause of the disparity is the fact that collective rights are adjudicated on the basis of possessing a distinct group identity defined in cultural or ethnic terms. Indians are generally better positioned than most Afro-Latinos to claim ethnic group identities separate from the national culture and have therefore been more successful in winning collective rights. It is suggested that one of the potentially negative consequences of basing group rights on the assertion of cultural difference is that it might lead indigenous groups and Afro-Latinos to privilege issues of cultural recognition over questions of racial discrimination as bases for political mobilisation in the era of multicultural politics.

Indigenous Movements in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Rice
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Indigenous Movements ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
Indigenous Movement ◽  
Indigenous Territories ◽  
Indigenous Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
State Relations

What do Indigenous movement struggles in Latin America teach us about reconciling individual and collective rights? How are competing conceptualizations of the environment and development being addressed by states in the region? How are these tensions and contradictions playing out within Indigenous territories? This chapter provides answers to these questions by reviewing the main concepts, findings, and tensions in the literature on contemporary Indigenous movements in Latin America. It examines processes of Indigenous dispossession and resurgence; the struggle for identity, territory and autonomy; and the push for plurinationality and decolonization. It also addresses efforts to incorporate Indigenous ways of knowing and being into governance structures as a way to rebuild Indigenous-state relations on a more just foundation. The chapter concludes by outlining an emerging research agenda in the areas of implementing free, prior, and informed consent regimes; addressing gender dynamics in Indigenous movements; and adopting intersectional approaches to studying Indigenous movements.

The Sovereign and its Shadow: Constituent Assembly and Indigenous Movement in Ecuador

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT ANDOLINA
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Latin American Politics ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Constituent Assembly ◽  
Institutional Politics ◽  
Ideological Struggle ◽  
Indigenous Movement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Constitutive Principles

A crucial development in current Latin American politics is the growing involvement of indigenous movements in democracies grappling with the challenges of regime consolidation. This article examines how Ecuador's indigenous movement consecrated new rights and national constitutive principles in the 1997–8 constitutional assembly. It argues that the indigenous movement defined the legitimacy and purpose of the assembly through an ideological struggle with other political actors, in turn shaping the context and content of constitutional reforms in Ecuador. The article concludes that softening the boundary between ‘cultural politics’ and ‘institutional politics’ is necessary in order to understand the impact of social movements in Latin America.

Imperial routes, national networks and regional projects in the Pan-American Highway, 1884–1977

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa E. Ficek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Pan American ◽  
National Networks ◽  
Planning And Construction ◽  
Regional Projects

This article discusses the planning and construction of the Pan-American Highway by focusing on interactions among engineers, government officials, manufacturers, auto enthusiasts, and road promoters from the United States and Latin America. It considers how the Pan-American Highway was made by projects to extend U.S. influence in Latin America but also by Latin American nationalist and regionalist projects that put forward alternative ideas about social and cultural difference—and cooperation—across the Americas. The transnational negotiations that shaped the Pan-American Highway show how roads, as they bring people and places into contact with each other, mobilize diverse actors and projects that can transform the geography and meaning of these technologies.

scholarly journals Eichler, Jessika. 2019. Reconciling indigenous peoples’ individual and collective rights: participation, prior consultation and selfdetermination in Latin America. New York: Routledge. 196 p.

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-191
Author(s):  
Amelia Alva-Arévalo
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Las Mujeres

El libro de Eichler reflexiona profundamente sobre la relación entre los derechos colectivos de los pueblos indígenas y los derechos individuales de sus miembros, particularmente, de aquellos que conforman los sub-grupos minoritarios como son las mujeres, niños y ancianos, a quienes se les ha otorgado protección especial en el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos. Complementariamente a esta reflexión teórica, se presenta un estudio empírico de Bolivia, permitiendo a la autora a ofrecer un marco reconciliatorio de los derechos colectivos e individuales necesario para cambiar la perspectiva del ejercicio de los derechos de participación, consulta y auto determinación de los pueblos indígenas.

Social, Political, and Environmental Impacts in Latin America

2018 ◽  
pp. 284-318
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Political ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Caribbean

Rather less has been written about the social, political, and environmental impacts of China on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) than the economic impacts. In terms of social impacts, the chapter considers the effects in terms of both employment and the way in which Chinese companies in the extractive industries have affected local communities. In LAC, discussion of the political implications have mainly focussed on whether or not China’s growing presence represents a threat to US interests in the region, but there is no evidence that China is exercising undue political influence in the region as the case studies of Brazil and Venezuela illustrate. There is little systematic evidence concerning the environmental impacts, although the case of soybeans illustrates the potential negative consequences of growing demand from China.

E-Government and E-Democracy in Latin America

2005 ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Ester Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Portal Site ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Online Access

Latin America is suffering from many of the negative consequences of globalization, without benefiting from many of its advantages. Among the advantages are those derived from the increasing availability of ICT and from the potential development of citizens’ participation to foster e-democracy. In general, the corporation of ICT have not been carefully thought through by many of the governments in LAC. In the case of e-government, the effects of the underlying relationship models between government and society as portrayed on each country’s main portal site (hereinafter called “portal”) not only vary but generally do not show any appreciation of the transformation of government services. Mexico, Peru, Chile, Venezuela, Uruguay and Brazil appear to be engaged in the early processes of modernization of services, networking, and online access to governmental administration. The rest of LAC appear to be well behind these countries efforts.

scholarly journals Giving to versus Taking from In- and Out-Group Members

Games ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Alt ◽  
Carlo Gallier ◽  
Achim Schlüter ◽  
Katherine Nelson ◽  
Eva Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Minimal Group Paradigm ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Full Factorial

In this experiment, we test whether subjects’ responses to variations in the action set in a dictator game depends on induced group identities. The action set includes choices in which the dictator can either give money to or take money from the other player. As an extension to the anonymous setting, we introduce induced group identities using the minimal group paradigm. Based on a dictator game conducted with more than 300 students in Indonesia, we implement a full factorial design in order to analyze the framing of the action set in a varied cultural context and to examine varied prevalence of social norms given a group identity context. If group identity is not salient, we find that participants are slightly more generous when they have an opportunity to give to rather than to take from the recipient. However, when participants are matched with in-group members, this result is reversed and highly significant. The result of differing responses to framing effects in within-group interactions compared to a neutral setting are largely ascribed to the varied compliance with existing social norms.

Local Origins: Context, Group Identity, and Politics of Place

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 960-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Wilcox-Archuleta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
Politics Of Place ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Registered Voters

In-group identity is particularly important in understanding political behavior among minority populations living in the United States. Despite its importance, we know relativity little about what explains variation in perceptions of group identity among U.S.-based minority groups. I develop a theoretical framework drawing extensively for social identity theory to explain development of in-group identities among Latinos in the United States. I suggest the availability of neighborhood-level ethnic stimuli increases the likelihood that Latinos will come to see themselves a part of pan-ethnic group rather than a unique individual. I use the 2008 Collaborative Multi-Racial Political Survey (CMPS), a nationally representative public opinion poll of registered voters with oversamples of Latino respondents. I find that the availability of ethnic stimuli positively associates with stronger perceptions of group identity among Latinos. Latinos who live in contexts rich with ethnic stimuli and cues are more likely to adopt in-group identities than those who live in environments lacking ethnically salient resources.

Politics, Social Welfare Policy, and the Population Problem in Latin America

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Malloy ◽  
Silvia Borzutzky
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Population Problem ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Social Security Programs ◽  
Negative Effect

This paper examines the interaction between social welfare policies and the “population problem” in Latin America. It demonstrates that social security programs, by reinforcing highly unequal patterns of stratification, have had a largely negative effect on population issues in the region. Social security policy in turn is analyzed as a particular political adaptation to the realities of dependent capitalist development. As a result, the population problem in Latin America is viewed less as a product of mindless demographic forces than as a politically induced reality stemming from the accumulated impact and negative consequences of a variety of consciously formulated public policies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document