Determinants of export-oriented industrial output in Ghana: the case of formal wood processing in an era of economic recovery

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Henry Owusu
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Industrial Output ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Adjustment Programme ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Sub Saharan

Like many other Sub-Saharan African countries, Ghana implemented an orthodox Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP), to resuscitate its ailing economy, in the early 1980s. Subsequently, there has been a dramatic expansion in the production and export of processed wood. Based on an empirical study of Ghana's formal wood processing industry, this paper discusses the various determinants that have combined to boost the export-oriented output in the industry, particularly in the first decade of the programme, and assesses the extent to which the SAP-based policy actions account for the change. The study concludes that adjustment played a major role in the change, and suggests that even though SAP supporters and critics disagree on the nature, dynamics and effects of the programme, government measures under the programme are an indicator of what real commitment on the part of African governments can do to engender production expansion in comparable African manufacturing industries.

From Chronic Emergency to Development: An Analysis of the Health of the Urban Poor in Luanda, Angola

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmi Kanji ◽  
Trudy Harpham
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Sub Saharan

There is a dearth of published literature on health care systems in Angola. Like many sub-Saharan African countries, Angola is experiencing rapid urbanization. The authors provide an analysis of the health status, environmental health conditions, and health-related behavior of the urban poor in Luanda, Angola. Although data are patchy and rarely disaggregated to reveal severe conditions in the shanty towns, a grave picture emerges. An average infant mortality rate of 104/1,000, with malaria and intestinal infections the main causes of death in children under 1 year old, reflects the poor environmental conditions, which are worsening as urbanization continues at a rapid rate. Use of health services is limited; for example, 50 percent of women give birth at home, mainly unassisted, and only 28 percent of children are covered by measles immunization (as validated by card). A discussion of existing health strategies, programs, and their constraints is set in the context of the future possibilities of the ending of the 15-year war and the introduction of structural adjustment policies.

South African budget plans may prove too ambitious

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Strategic Investment ◽  
Adjustment Programme ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Sector Unions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Spending Cuts

Significance However, the MTBPS relies even more heavily on getting powerful public-sector unions to agree to unprecedented wage freezes over the next three years, putting its credibility in doubt at a time when Pretoria urgently needs to win back the confidence of investors. Impacts The risk is rising that the country could be forced to go to the IMF for a full structural adjustment programme within a couple of years. Funds for South African Airways (SAA)'s rescue will not cover the cost of creating a new carrier, which depends on strategic investment. The spending cuts could weigh further on poor-quality delivery of public services and may also dampen an economic recovery.

Understanding the rural–urban voting patterns in the 1992 Ghanaian presidential election. A closer look at the distributional impact of Ghana's Structural Adjustment Programme

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahamudu Bawumia
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Voting Behaviour ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Adjustment Programme ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programme ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Western Democracies

This article attempts to explain the rural–urban voting patterns in the 1992 Ghanaian presidential election. In this election, rural voters voted overwhelmingly for the incumbent and urban voters did the opposite. It is argued that Ghana's Structural Adjustment Programme (1983–92) was distributionally favourable to rural households and unfavourable to urban households. A link is therefore drawn between the distributional impacts of the Structural Adjustment Programme and the voting patterns of rural and urban households.The relationship between the state of the economy and the fortunes of political parties at the polls is one which has generated a lot of debate. This debate has largely taken place within the confines of Western democracies, not least because of the absence of Western-style democracy in many developing countries. We are, however, seeing a movement towards ‘democracy’ in many developing countries, with pressures for economic liberalisation going hand in glove with those for political liberalisation. The increasing democratisation by many African countries undertaking Structural Adjustment Programmes provides us with an opportunity to investigate the relationships between the welfare implications of these programmes and the voting behaviour of the electorate. Is voting behaviour in Africa any different from that in Western democracies?

scholarly journals Investigation of occupational morbidity in wood processing industry in comparison with other manufacturing industries and with occupational morbidity in Latvia at large

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Maija Eglīte ◽  
Ivars Vanadziņš ◽  
Jeļena Reste ◽  
Elvīra Čurbakova ◽  
Jolanta Cīrule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Cork Production ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
First Time

Investigation of occupational morbidity in wood processing industry in comparison with other manufacturing industries and with occupational morbidity in Latvia at large The aim of the study was to investigate occupational morbidity in the wood processing industry to gain understanding of the real situation of occupational health and to improve the diagnostics of occupational diseases. The occupational morbidity in Latvia has gradually increased from 1993 to 2004, with a slight decrease in 2005 and 2006 followed by an increase in 2007. In the year 2004, the number of first-time occupational diseases patients exceeded the number of occupational diseases patients registered in the year 1993 by 9.5, but the number of registered first-time incidences of occupational diseases in comparison with 1993 had increased by 14.5 times. In the manufacturing industry, wood and cork production, a trend of increasing rate of occupational diseases can also be observed in Latvia. A particularly rapid increase was observed in specific illnesses related to the musculoskeletal and connective tissue system, carpal tunnel syndrome as well as to occupational hearing loss, which might be explained by changes in the occupational risk factors. Despite an increase in the total number of occupational diseases in the industry of wood and cork products over the whole study period, these industries have lower levels of occupational diseases in comparison with occupational morbidity in such fields as health and social care, the extraction industry and quarry management, transportation and transport services, communications and telecommunications. In developed European Union countries, over the last few years, the number of occupational diseases has decreased, while there has been an increasing trend in Latvia. This can be explained by the fact that the working conditions in the European Union have been improving over the last few decades, and correspondingly the number of occupational diseases is decreasing. However, in Latvia, the diagnostics of the occupational diseases is rapidly improving, while improvement of working conditions has started relatively recently. Furthermore, the process has not been rapid, and therefore, results could be expected only in the future.

scholarly journals Dynamique Urbaine Et Activités Informelles Comme Objet D’enseignement En Géographie Dans Les Classes De 2e Et 1e De Korhogo

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (32) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Anne Marilyse Kouadio ◽  
Kouakou Kouassi Séverin
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Close Observation ◽  
Sub Saharan

The economy of African countries in their plurality is often characterized by traditional formal and informal dualism. In this study, we paid close observation to the following: almost everywhere in a semi underground or a total underground (Loukou, 2013), the renewal of the dynamism of the informal economy grouping according to the BIT (1993), the set of the unofficial little structured activities, and thus its difficulties which are quantifiable (small craftsmen, domestic service providers or not, small shopkeepers, etc.). In Ivory Coast as somewhere else in sub-Saharan Africa, this phenomenon occurs due to the badly mastered urbanization and the economic, social, and cultural crises stemming from austere politics of structural adjustment. The spatial and social reorganization of the Ivory Coast cities and his integration in the studies of the geography of Ivory Coast education system interpeeled us. To what extent does the knowledge relative to the interaction (urban dynamics/informal activities) establish an explicit object of teaching in the lessons of geography in a class of determination, strangely in the 2nd and 1st classes? This study is a scientific contribution for a better consideration of the current and ambient urban phenomena. It was conducted based on documentary and empirical data.

Guinea's Economic Performance Under Structural Adjustment: Importance of Mining and Agriculture

1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Campbell ◽  
Jennifer Clapp
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programmes

Domestic policy inadequacies have been targeted by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as the main reason for poor economic performance in sub-Saharan Africa generally.1 The structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) sponsored by these international financial institutions (IFIs) over the past decade have sought to rectify such policies. But many countries following their advice have continued to experience economic decline, albeit according to the World Bank, as a result primarily of their failure to properly implement the recommended reforms. It was argued in the late 1980s and early 1990S that governments pursuing strong adjustment programmes, even in the face of inhospitable world economic conditions, still outperformed weak reformers.2 This analysis does not hold with the same weight for all African countries. In the case of Guinea, external factors have been equally important in explaining its economic record under adjustment.

Empirical Analysis of the Nexus between Saving and Economic Growth in Selected African Countries (1981–2014)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Segun Thompson Bolarinwa ◽  
Olufemi B. Obembe
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Domestic Saving ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
African Development Bank ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Country Specific

This empirical study investigates the direction of causality between gross domestic saving and economic growth among the six sub-Saharan African fastest growing economies as reported by African Development Bank between 1981 and 2014 using the recently developed methodologies of autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and the Toda and Yamamoto causality test. The result shows the existence of unidirectional causality running from economic growth to gross domestic saving for Ghana and Burkina Faso, while gross domestic saving Granger causes economic growth in Liberia, Niger and Sierra Leone, indicating a unidirectional causality. However, no causality is recorded for Nigeria. The empirical study, therefore, concludes that the direction of causality is mixed and country-specific among the sub-Saharan African fastest growing economies.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study on Factors Affecting Employee Loyalty in the Wood Processing Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhu-Ty Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Reward Structure ◽  
Employee Loyalty ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Hierarchical Position

In general, human resources are important aspects of any organization. In order to gain the loyalty of employees and stabilize the human resources department, management must always consider employee loyalty. In this study, the author seeks to determine which reward structure best promotes affects job satisfaction among employees, including the influence level of incentives, the support of superiors and promotions among hierarchical positions, and thereby most impacts their loyalty to the company. Using a theoretical foundation and practical studies on job satisfaction and employee loyalty, the author built a five-point Likert scale to determine the reward structure as well as the influencing level of each factor on employee loyalty. Additionally, this study determines the level of influence of three factors—Rewards, Empowerment, and Hierarchical Position—on the job satisfaction of employees, The interaction of job satisfaction and employee loyalty is a statistically significant indication of employee loyalty. In practical terms, this study illustrates the factors that affect the satisfaction of employees working at GiaVinh Co., Ltd.

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