An associated partial skeleton of Symbos cavifrons (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) from Montezuma County, Colorado

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry N. Mcdonald ◽  
Sarah W. Neusius ◽  
Vickie L. Clay
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Information ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
Loess Deposition ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Definition Of

A partial cranium and axial skeleton of an individual Symbos cavifrons were excavated in 1983 from the Mesa Verde Loess on Grass Mesa, Montezuma County, Colorado. Parts of at least 24 bones were recovered, including the first complete set of cervical vertebrae known for Symbos cavifrons. This individual, radiocarbon dated at 15,970 ± 155 yr B.P. (SI-6137), contributes to the definition of the southwestern edge of the range of the species and provides new information about the nature of the vertebral column. Pathologic constriction of the transverse canals is evident in the third and seventh cervical vertebrae. The pattern of bone distribution suggests that carnivores consumed part of this animal. The radiocarbon date also establishes the last major episode of loess deposition in the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States.

The locomotor system

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Locomotor System

The locomotor system comprises the skeleton, composed principally of bone and cartilage, the joints between them, and the muscles which move bones at joints. The skeleton forms a supporting framework for the body and provides the levers to which the muscles are attached to produce movement of parts of the body in relation to each other or movement of the body as a whole in relation to its environment. The skeleton also plays a crucial role in the protection of internal organs. The skeleton is shown in outline in Figure 2.1A. The skull, vertebral column, and ribs together constitute the axial skeleton. This forms, as its name implies, the axis of the body. The skull houses and protects the brain and the eyes and ears; the anatomy of the skull is absolutely fundamental to the understanding of the structure of the head and is covered in detail in Section 4. The vertebral column surrounds and protects the spinal cord which is enclosed in the spinal canal formed by a large central canal in each vertebra. The vertebral column is formed from 33 individual bones although some of these become fused together. The vertebral column and its component bones are shown from the side in Figure 2.1B. There are seven cervical vertebrae in the neck, twelve thoracic vertebrae in the posterior wall of the thorax, five lumbar vertebrae in the small of the back, five fused sacral vertebrae in the pelvis, and four coccygeal vertebrae—the vestigial remnants of a tail. Intervertebral discs separate individual vertebrae from each other and act as a cushion between the adjacent bones; the discs are absent from the fused sacral vertebrae. The cervical vertebrae are small and very mobile, allowing an extensive range of neck movements and hence changes in head position. The first two cervical vertebrae, the atlas and axis, have unusual shapes and specialized joints that allow nodding and shaking movements of the head on the neck. The thoracic vertebrae are relatively immobile. combination of thoracic vertebral column, ribs, and sternum form the thoracic cage that protects the thoracic organs, the heart, and lungs and is intimately involved in ventilation (breathing).

scholarly journals Anatomo-radiographic description of the axial skeleton of the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 01-03 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaína D. Barisson ◽  
Cristiane H. Louro ◽  
Sheila J.T. Dias ◽  
Flávio S. Jojima ◽  
Murilo S. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
The Other ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
The Third ◽  
Caudal Vertebrae ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous

The aim of this study was to describe the axial skeleton of a wild Brazilian carnivorous, the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous). Five specimens of crab-eating fox were previously unfrozen for radiographic exams and their bones went through dissection and chemical maceration. This animal presents seven cervical vertebrae, and from the third on, they become shorter and wider than the other ones e the spinous process was makeable from the fifth cervical vertebrae on. There are thirteen thoracic vertebrae and the spinous process of the lumbar vertebrae, which are seven, decreases from the fifth on. The sacrum is formed by two vertebrae and there are twenty or twenty one caudal vertebrae. It can be concluded that the crab-eating fox axial skeleton is similar to that of the domestic dog.

A Critical Reassessment of Huntington’s “Clash of Civilizations” Thesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-76
Author(s):  
Zahra Seif-Amirhosseini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Understanding

My critique of Samuel Huntington’s “clash of civilizations” thesis is divided into three sections. The first section provides a critical reassessment of his definition of civilization, modernization and westernization from an Islamic perspective, or, more broadly, a religio-traditional understanding of civilization and its various historical manifestations. I also present an academic critique from the perspective of political science and sociology. Consequently, these two perspectives are sometimes set out separately and sometimes intertwined. The second section attempts to demonstrate how his analysis of Islam is based on cultural essentialism, which views Islam as an inherent threat and a stumbling block to democratic development, and to explain how his theories are both inaccurate and extremely dangerous in terms of their political and policy implications. The third section comprises an analysis of his theory’s impact on policy and its consequences for the United States.

A Critical Reassessment of Huntington’s “Clash of Civilizations” Thesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-76
Author(s):  
Zahra Seif-Amirhosseini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Understanding

My critique of Samuel Huntington’s “clash of civilizations” thesis is divided into three sections. The first section provides a critical reassessment of his definition of civilization, modernization and westernization from an Islamic perspective, or, more broadly, a religio-traditional understanding of civilization and its various historical manifestations. I also present an academic critique from the perspective of political science and sociology. Consequently, these two perspectives are sometimes set out separately and sometimes intertwined. The second section attempts to demonstrate how his analysis of Islam is based on cultural essentialism, which views Islam as an inherent threat and a stumbling block to democratic development, and to explain how his theories are both inaccurate and extremely dangerous in terms of their political and policy implications. The third section comprises an analysis of his theory’s impact on policy and its consequences for the United States.

New information on the pectoral girdle and vertebral column in Lupeosaurus (Reptilia, Pelycosauria)

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1343-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart S. Sumida
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Lower Permian ◽  
Pectoral Girdle ◽  
Postcranial Skeleton ◽  
Posterior Edge ◽  
Articular Facet ◽  
New Information

UCLA VP 1651, a new specimen from the Lower Permian Admiral Formation of Archer County, Texas, provides information on heretofore unknown portions of the postcranial skeleton of the large pelycosaur Lupeosaurus. Presacral neural spines are elongate and have a subcircular cross section. Laterally directed tubercles are not present on any of the neural spines. Cervical vertebrae appear to have elongate neural spines and sharply keeled centra. Transverse processes are positioned relatively high above the bases of the centra through the length of axial column. The pattern of tilting of the neural spines is similar to that in the primitive edaphosaur Ianthasaurus hardestii. The proximal end of the first sacral rib contributes significantly to the intervertebral articular facet usually formed by the centra. The sacral ribs do not appear to fuse with one another distally. The ventral clavicular plate is greatly expanded anteriorly. The posterior edge of the subcoracoscapular fossa is very well defined. The available morphological information does not warrant a separate familial designation for the genus Lupeosaurus. Despite the lack of laterally directed tubercles of the neural spines, Lupeosaurus appears to be referrable to the Edaphosauridae. However, in the absence of cranial materials, this association must remain tentative. Although this description adds new information for only a restricted portion of the skeleton, it does appear to confirm the existence of a distinct, albeit rare, pelycosaur from the extensively studied fauna of the Lower Permian.

Race and Racial Discrimination

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Zack
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

This article attempts to develop an accessible approach to race and racism in the United States at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The second section is about the concept of racism, and, by derivation, racists and racist behavior. Any acceptable definition of racism would seem to presuppose the existence of races and racial difference. Therefore, the third section, ‘Race’, is an examination of those concepts. The fourth section ‘Remedies’, is a discussion of practical correctives to racism in the light of the progress made in second and third sections.

scholarly journals Devotional fitness: aspects of a contemporary religious system

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 313-343
Author(s):  
Martin Radermacher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Third ◽  
Religious System ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Analytical Section ◽  
Christian Congregations ◽  
Body Ideals

The aim of this paper is to describe some more or less representative groups within the area of devotional fitness in the USA, to compare their ideas­ to those held in Christian congregations in Germany and to extract some of the most important features of these movements. The descriptive section, ‘Examples of fitness in US evangelicalism’, will have a short look at three of these movements and then examine one of them more thoroughly, namely, the concept of ‘Shaped by Faith’. The next part of the descriptive section (‘Aspects of religion and fitness in Germany’) will look into the connections between sports and religion in Christian congregations in Germany. In the third section, some of the historical trajec­tories which have influenced contemporary body ideals in both ‘religious’ and ‘secular’ contexts in the United States and Germany are briefly described. In the analytical section, the material is screened for striking similarities and recurring motifs and a preliminary definition of ‘devotional fitness’ is suggested. One particular feature of these currents, the blurring of genres, is dealt with more thoroughly in section ‘The blurring of genres in devotional fitness’. The article ends with some ideas as to how these concepts of devotional fitness could be researched within the analytical frame of cultural semiotics.

scholarly journals An Anatomical and Radiographic Study on the Vertebral Column of the Two-Toed Sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni)

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Maripaz Chinchilla-Barboza ◽  
Siam Chiquillo-Vergara ◽  
Valeria Delgado-Álvarez ◽  
Susan Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez ◽  
Johnny Steven Mora-Aleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Radiographic Study ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Caudal Vertebrae

The Choloepus Hoffmani is a mammal belonging to the Xenarthra superorder; xenarthrans are distributed from North to South America. It is common for these animals to require medical attention at wildlife rescue centers after being attacked by domestic animals or run over by cars. A proper understanding of this species’ anatomy is vital in order to be able to offer them a proper level of clinical attention. This publication aims to describe the spine’s anatomical and radiographic characteristics of the Choloepus Hoffmani. Four individuals were used in this research; the spine bones were cleaned by boiling and maceration. In the results, it was possible to observe how the postcranial axial skeleton in the sloths is made up by five of distinctive vertebra types. In the spine were found: six cervical vertebrae, a variable number of thoracic vertebrae, xenarthrous lumbar vertebrae, and a fusion between the sacrum and coxal bone. Finally, four underdeveloped caudal vertebrae were also identified in a small stump-like tail. Radiographically, no pathologies were observed in the alignment or structure of the spine. In conclusion, the present study described both the osteology alongside the anatomical radiography of the vertebral column of the Choloepus hoffmani, highlighting the particularities that are not found in domestic mammals and other members of the Xenarthra superorder. Information of this kind is relevant for forensic wildlife analysis, alongside aiding the treatment of animals in this species who suffered lesions in their spine.

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