Race and Racial Discrimination

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Zack
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

This article attempts to develop an accessible approach to race and racism in the United States at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The second section is about the concept of racism, and, by derivation, racists and racist behavior. Any acceptable definition of racism would seem to presuppose the existence of races and racial difference. Therefore, the third section, ‘Race’, is an examination of those concepts. The fourth section ‘Remedies’, is a discussion of practical correctives to racism in the light of the progress made in second and third sections.

Assessing Local “Diversity”: A Nationally Representative Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 232949652110216
Author(s):  
Neeraj Rajasekar ◽  
Evan Stewart ◽  
Joseph Gerteis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Ideology ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Local Diversity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Diversity Discourse

The meanings and definition of “diversity” can change across different applications and contexts, but many such meanings have implications for racial difference and racial ideology in the United States. We provide a nationally representative analysis of how everyday Americans assess “diversity” in their own communities. We test how county-level racial, religious, economic, and political heterogeneity predict the view that one lives in a highly diverse locale; we also test how individual-level factors predict such a view. Among the four indicators of local difference, racial difference is most strongly and consistently associated with Americans’ assessments of local diversity. Individual-level factors do not weaken this relationship; rather, local context and individual-level factors conjointly predict assessments of local diversity. Despite the flexible, hyperinclusive nature of diversity discourse, local racial difference is salient in Americans’ assessments of “diversity” in their communities, and this pattern is not simply a product of individual-level factors. Our findings illustrate another dimension of the flexible-yet-racialized nature of diversity discourse in the United States. We also show that Americans are particularly aware of racial difference in their locale, which has implications for social and ideological responses to changing communities and a changing nation.

A Critical Reassessment of Huntington’s “Clash of Civilizations” Thesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-76
Author(s):  
Zahra Seif-Amirhosseini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Understanding

My critique of Samuel Huntington’s “clash of civilizations” thesis is divided into three sections. The first section provides a critical reassessment of his definition of civilization, modernization and westernization from an Islamic perspective, or, more broadly, a religio-traditional understanding of civilization and its various historical manifestations. I also present an academic critique from the perspective of political science and sociology. Consequently, these two perspectives are sometimes set out separately and sometimes intertwined. The second section attempts to demonstrate how his analysis of Islam is based on cultural essentialism, which views Islam as an inherent threat and a stumbling block to democratic development, and to explain how his theories are both inaccurate and extremely dangerous in terms of their political and policy implications. The third section comprises an analysis of his theory’s impact on policy and its consequences for the United States.

A Critical Reassessment of Huntington’s “Clash of Civilizations” Thesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-76
Author(s):  
Zahra Seif-Amirhosseini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Understanding

My critique of Samuel Huntington’s “clash of civilizations” thesis is divided into three sections. The first section provides a critical reassessment of his definition of civilization, modernization and westernization from an Islamic perspective, or, more broadly, a religio-traditional understanding of civilization and its various historical manifestations. I also present an academic critique from the perspective of political science and sociology. Consequently, these two perspectives are sometimes set out separately and sometimes intertwined. The second section attempts to demonstrate how his analysis of Islam is based on cultural essentialism, which views Islam as an inherent threat and a stumbling block to democratic development, and to explain how his theories are both inaccurate and extremely dangerous in terms of their political and policy implications. The third section comprises an analysis of his theory’s impact on policy and its consequences for the United States.

STRUGGLE OF NON-REGIONAL ACTORS FOR ITS INFLUENCES IN CENTRAL ASIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
Yu. V. MOROZOV ◽  
◽  
A. R. NEUSTRROEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
American Policy

In modern conditions, Central Asia has begun to play an increasing role for non-regional actors, who are increasingly competing for a key role in this region. The first section of the article is devoted to the analysis of the significance of Central Asia and its problems. The second section analyzes American policy and strategy in the region. The third section examines China's interests and policies in Central Asia. The fourth section is devoted to the significance of the region for Russia's national interests. Conclusions concerning the role of Central Asia for the United States, China, and Russia are presented.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Alasdair Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
Critical Moment ◽  
Global Power ◽  
To Come ◽  
Made In

This concluding chapter looks at the National Academy of Public Administration's project in which they made a public call for comments about the “grand challenges of public administration.” Specifically, it sought advice on two questions, capitalizing for emphasis: “WHAT government must do over the next decade and HOW it should do it.” In other words, the academy wondered what the strategy for governing the United States should be in the coming decade. The field of public administration has been caught out at a critical moment. The problems that will confront the American state in the mid-twenty-first century are no less substantial than those of writer Walter Lippmann's time. Climatic disruption, shifts in the global power balance, demographic changes, technological revolutions, fiscal pressures, infrastructural shortfalls-all of these trends could jeopardize security, order, and citizens' well-being if government does not anticipate the dangers and organize itself properly in response. And people know from experience that it takes years to build agreement on strategy and reconstruct institutions so that they give expression to it. Choices made in the next few years will shape the contours of American public administration for decades to come.

scholarly journals Devotional fitness: aspects of a contemporary religious system

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 313-343
Author(s):  
Martin Radermacher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Third ◽  
Religious System ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Analytical Section ◽  
Christian Congregations ◽  
Body Ideals

The aim of this paper is to describe some more or less representative groups within the area of devotional fitness in the USA, to compare their ideas­ to those held in Christian congregations in Germany and to extract some of the most important features of these movements. The descriptive section, ‘Examples of fitness in US evangelicalism’, will have a short look at three of these movements and then examine one of them more thoroughly, namely, the concept of ‘Shaped by Faith’. The next part of the descriptive section (‘Aspects of religion and fitness in Germany’) will look into the connections between sports and religion in Christian congregations in Germany. In the third section, some of the historical trajec­tories which have influenced contemporary body ideals in both ‘religious’ and ‘secular’ contexts in the United States and Germany are briefly described. In the analytical section, the material is screened for striking similarities and recurring motifs and a preliminary definition of ‘devotional fitness’ is suggested. One particular feature of these currents, the blurring of genres, is dealt with more thoroughly in section ‘The blurring of genres in devotional fitness’. The article ends with some ideas as to how these concepts of devotional fitness could be researched within the analytical frame of cultural semiotics.

Dear White Academic Colleague: Black Faculty Lives Matter: Towards Avoiding the Crime of Silence

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Open Letter ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third

In this article, motivated by the unjustified and brutal killing of George Floyd by police officers, I write an open letter to faculty members in general and to White faculty members in particular. In the first part of this letter, I recount some of my past traumatic experiences of institutionalised racism, which begun at an early age in England—experiences that led me to leave England for the United States in a naïve attempt to find a place where institutionalised racism was much less. In the second part of my letter, I discuss kneeling as a symbolism for institutionalised racism. In the third part, I personalise institutionalised racism in academia. In the fourth section, I provide a framework for White colleagues looking to promote anti-racism in academia. I conclude with a cautionary tale as well as a message of hope for addressing institutionalised racism.

The “Japanese Turn” in Fine Dining in the United States, 1980–2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Samuel H. Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Further Training ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Wide Acceptance

In the 1970s, Japanese cooks began to appear in the kitchens of nouvelle cuisine chefs in France for further training, with scores more arriving in the next decades. Paul Bocuse, Alain Chapel, Joël Robuchon, and other leading French chefs started visiting Japan to teach, cook, and sample Japanese cuisine, and ten of them eventually opened restaurants there. In the 1980s and 1990s, these chefs' frequent visits to Japan and the steady flow of Japanese stagiaires to French restaurants in Europe and the United States encouraged a series of changes that I am calling the “Japanese turn,” which found chefs at fine-dining establishments in Los Angeles, New York City, and later the San Francisco Bay Area using an ever-widening array of Japanese ingredients, employing Japanese culinary techniques, and adding Japanese dishes to their menus. By the second decade of the twenty-first century, the wide acceptance of not only Japanese ingredients and techniques but also concepts like umami (savory tastiness) and shun (seasonality) suggest that Japanese cuisine is now well known to many American chefs.

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