scholarly journals Mennonite Plautdietsch (Canadian Old Colony)

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Cox ◽  
Jacob M. Driedger ◽  
Benjamin V. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Religious Persecution ◽  
West Germanic ◽  
Migration History ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Second World

Mennonite Plautdietsch (ISO 639–3: pdt) is a West Germanic (Indo-European) language belonging to the Low Prussian (Niederpreußisch) subgroup of Eastern Low German (Ostniederdeutsch), a continuum of closely related varieties spoken in northern Poland until the Second World War (Ziesemer 1924, Mitzka 1930, Thiessen 1963). Although its genetic affiliation with these other, now-moribund Polish varieties is uncontested, Mennonite Plautdietsch represents an exceptional member of this grouping. It was adopted as the language of in-group communication by Mennonites escaping religious persecution in northwestern and central Europe during the mid-sixteenth century, and later accompanied these pacifist Anabaptist Christians over several successive generations of emigration and exile through Poland, Ukraine, and parts of the Russian Empire. As a result of this extensive migration history, Mennonite Plautdietsch is spoken today in diasporic speech communities on four continents and in over a dozen countries by an estimated 300,000 people, primarily descendants of these so-called Russian Mennonites (Epp 1993, Lewis 2009).

scholarly journals Historyczne podziały Europy a społeczno-gospodarcze uwarunkowania postaw kulturowych wobec bankowości w Polsce

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Lech Kurkliński
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World

This paper is devoted to the presentation of the significance of the historicaldivisions in Europe for the formation of the socio-economic conditions for thedevelopment of the banking sector in Poland. The paper presents four main divisionsrelated to the functioning of the Roman Empire and Barbaricum, Latin andByzantine Europe, the dualism of the economic development of Europe fromthe sixteenth century and the creation of the capitalist and socialist blocks afterthe Second World War, and their relations to the position of Poland. Historicaloverview is juxtaposed with the current shape of the Polish banking sector, andespecially the dominance of banks controlled by foreign capital. This confrontationis primarily intended to indicate the importance of cultural factors for thedevelopment of the banking sector.

European Twentieth-Century Dictatorship and the Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stolleis
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
German Law ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
German Reich ◽  
Second World

Between 1900 and 1920 some of the great old political orders broke down, the Chinese and the Russian Empire, the monarchy of the Habsburgs, and the German Reich. Uncertainties and anxieties about the future caused a broad deviation from the ideas and promises of liberalism, parliamentary democracy, and international law. Everywhere anti-liberal authoritarian movements organized themselves. The contribution concentrates on the German law under the Swastika, especially on the ambivalences between the traditional rule of law and the destructive dynamic of the SS-state, which led into emigration, the Second World War, and the Holocaust. The German example is paradigmatic, no doubt. But the observations can be universalized in a world with an increasing number of authoritarian regimes.

Contemporary Slovene Literature

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Janko Kos
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Central European ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Slovene Language ◽  
National Ideology ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Second World

Contemporary Slovene literature from 1950 to the present has been deeply influenced, above all, by two major factors: first, its own tradition through a century-long development, and secondly, the socio-political position of literature immediately after the Second World War. As concerns tradition, it should be noted that the beginning of literature in the Slovene language coincided with the arrival of Protestantism in the sixteenth century; only sparse religious records are known from previous centuries. This literature remained within the framework of ecclesiastical needs until the late eighteenth century, similar to those found in Lithuania, Estonia or Finland. At the end of the eighteenth century, Slovene literature began to resemble the Central European literature typical of Croatia, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Poland. This is not only evident in the same literary trends and genres, but above all in the fact that national ideology as well as social and moral ideas acquired a significant role in its concepts.

scholarly journals Pages of the life of M.V. Timofeev-Ressovsky in the material historical sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Ya. B. Blume ◽  
Yu. V. Barshteyn
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Telephone Card ◽  
Second World

Aim. To investigate and to enter into scientific circulation material historical sources related to the biography of M.V. Timofeev-ResSovsky. Methods. The paper used both general scientific (historical, logical) and special (subject-chronological, retrospective) methods. Results and discussion. The role of Kyiv in shaping the future scientific vocation of M.V. Timofeev-Ressovsky, the work of a scientist in Germany and the reasons why he did not return to the USSR in the late 1930s, outlines the facts of Timofeev-Ressovsky life after the Second World War. The scientific activity of scientist has been briefly analyzed. Conclusions. The analysis of material historical sources made it possible to investigate and bring into scientific circulation the objects of phaleristics, numismatics (medallic art), philately and a rather rare object of collecting – telephone cards of the Russian Empire, the USSR, Russia, the former GDR and Germany, to tell about some pages of the biography of M.V. Timofeev-Ressovsky. Keywords: M.V. Timofeev-Ressovsky, history of biology, phaleristics, numismatics, philately, telephone card.

scholarly journals From a history of war into a multicultural urban environment: A cultural impact assessment of the conservation of the Swedish-Russian Fortress of Lappeenranta, Finland

1970 ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Suvi Niinisalo
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Correctional Facility ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

Finland, under Swedish rule at the time, started constructing the Lappeenranta Fortress in the 1720s for defence against an eastern threat. A small town had been founded on the site as early as 1649. In 1741, the Russians invaded the fortress in a fierce battle. Russians, led by Aleksandr Suvorov, started to improve the fortress in the late 18th century. The oldest buildings in the fortress date back to this time. When Finland was annexed into the Russian Empire as an autonomous grand duchy, the fortress was employed as a correctional facility for prisoners. After the Second World War, the fortress was left to deteriorate, but in the 1970s a 30-year conservation project was launched. This article explores the effects of this conservation work on the city of Lappeenranta as well as on its inhabitants.

Provincial Shakespeare

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
Christopher Marlow
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Early Modern Drama ◽  
World War ◽  
Modern Drama ◽  
Second World

With reference to aspects of the career of the twentieth-century actor-manager Donald Wolfit and the use of the concept of provincialism in English criticism, this article argues that idealist and universalist values are repeatedly valorised in order to devalue materialist and what might be called ‘provincial’ interpretations of Shakespeare’s plays. I pay attention to conditions of production of early modern drama in the sixteenth century, and to Wolfit’s Second World War performances of Shakespeare, the reception of which is offered as evidence for the persistence of a critical prejudice against what is understood as provincial marginality. The article concludes with a reading of The Merry Wives of Windsor that argues that the play supports the provincial values that have so often been dismissed by critics.

scholarly journals Failed projects of cossack nationalism ideology in the first half of the 20th century.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Kislitsin ◽  
◽  
Saryn V. Kuchinsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian People ◽  
Class System ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Second World

The article examines four projects of the ideology of Cossack nationalism in the first half of the 20th century in the context of the history of the Cossacks at the pre-revolutionary stage, the functioning of the "All-Great Don Army" during the Civil War, the formation of the emigrant community of the 1920s-1930s, and the emergence of Cossack collaboration during the Great Patriotic War. As an ideological trend, Cossack nationalism was formed on the Don in the first half of the 20th century, even before the revolutionary events of 1917, based on the works of Cossack historians, writers, and publicists. The totality of the nationalist ideas of the Cossack patriots was caused by the general crisis of the class system, the collapse of the Russian Empire, the subsequent raskazachivanie, the emigration of part of the Cossacks and other tragic events for the Cossacks. The main ideologist and practitioner of Cossack nationalism, Ataman Krasnov, was rejected by the White Cossack Military Circle during the Civil War, and after the Second World War was executed in Moscow for treason to the Russian people. At no stage in the development of Russian statehood did the projects of Cossack nationalism receive a logical conclusion in the form of a Cossack political party and in principle were not supported by the broad masses of the Cossacks and, moreover, by the entire Russian people, but the recognition of this fact does not mean the rejection of the Cossack identity. The Cossack idea as a symbol of Russian patriotism has every right to exist in modern conditions.

Policing Minorities

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margo de Koster ◽  
Herbert Reinke
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Poor Laws ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twentieth Century Europe ◽  
Police Practices ◽  
Second World

This essay seeks to broaden the discussion of the policing of minorities to situate it within its longer history of the policing of migrants. Since theancien régime, the explicit endeavor to control migrants has been a major driving force behind the development of modern policing and the professionalization of police practices. This essay charts how, from the sixteenth century onward, the movements of migrants and traveling groups were increasingly controlled through vagrancy regulation, poor laws, and the creation of specialized policing agencies and techniques. It also considers the realities of policing and repression of vagrancy in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Europe, showing how the intensity of repression varied considerably. Finally, the essay discusses minority policing and the recruitment of minorities into the police during the post–Second World War period.

Working towards ‘An Unforeseen Miracle’ Redux: Latvian Refugees in Vladivostok, 1918–1920, and in Latvia, 1943–1944

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALDIS PURS
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Refugee Experience ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

AbstractDuring the First World War the survival of hundreds of thousands of Latvian refugees, dispersed across the Russian Empire, overlapped with issues of identity. Latvians in Siberia and the Far East created a refugee organisation complete with military, diplomatic and cultural programmes for themselves and their homeland. The key players attempted to recreate the same organisational trajectories and outcomes during the Second World War, under very different geopolitical conditions. This article presents new archival research and suggests new interpretations of the dynamic nature of political organisation, refugee experience and identity in Latvia through the first half of the twentieth century.

The Soviet Threat to Afghanistan and India 1938–1940

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Hauner
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
World War ◽  
East Central ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Second World

From an Asian angle Afghanistan could easily be selected as the centre of the extra-European world. It lies at the crossroads of three different geographic regions, the Middle East, Central Asia and South Asia, as much as it borders on three different cultural zones, the Islamic world, the Hindu culture, and the Chinese influence. From a political standpoint, until the Second World War, Afghanistan appeared as buffer state par excellence, sandwiched between two Great Powers, the Russian Empire protruding from the North-west of Central Asia, and the British Empire guarding the Indian glacis in the South-east.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document