On the Development and Structure of the Escal Light Organ of Some Melanocetid Deep Sea Anglerfishes (Pisces: Ceratioidei)

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1321-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Munk ◽  
Kjeld Hansen ◽  
Peter J. Herring
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Light Organ ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Uniform Thickness ◽  
Distal Surface ◽  
Tubular Gland ◽  
Glandular Cells

The escal light glands of some deep sea anglerfishes of the genusMelanocetuswere examined by light and electron microscopy. Sections of a larvalMelanocetussp. showed that the gland originates from a solid, branched ingrowth of epidermal cells from the distal surface of the bulb-shaped esca.The light gland of metamorphosed specimens ofM. murrayiandM. johnsoniwas found to be constructed in the same way as that of most other ceratioids, i.e. as a branched tubular gland enclosed by a cup-shaped reflector; the radial tubules of the gland open into a central escal cavity, from which a duct leads to an epithelium-lined space, the vestibule, lying above the gland. A duct from the vestibule opens on the upper-caudal surface of the esca.In the smaller of two specimens ofM. murrayi, the epithelium lining the escal cavity and the glandular tubules is of a uniform thickness and structure, consisting of flattened basal cells, cells extending to the lumen, and goblet cells. No bacteria were found anywhere within the esca. The reflector enclosing the gland contains only a few scattered crystals.In the larger specimen ofM. murrayithe distal (terminal) portions of the glandular tubules have tall epithelial cells, while their wide proximal parts and the central escal cavity are lined with a flattened epithelium; goblet cells are absent. Many glandular cells have processes projecting into the lumina. All glandular lumina and the central escal cavity contain numerous rod-shaped bacteria and apparently isolated anucleate cytoplasmic profiles. The reflector is thick and well-developed; each cell contains several staggered layers of crystals.

The escal light gland of the deep-sea anglerfish Haplophryne mollis (Pisces: Ceratioidei) with observations on luminescence control

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Herring ◽  
Ole Munk
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Bacterial Luciferase ◽  
The Right

The escal light gland of three different-sized specimens of the deep-sea anglerfish Haplophryne mollis (family Linophrynidae) has been examined by light and electron microscopy. The light gland has a central cavity, with diverging branched ducts which ramify into numerous tightly-packed radial tubules. In the two largest specimens all glandular lumina contain symbiotic bacteria. Except for a thin-walled part of the typical radiating tubules, the epithelial walls of the light gland are of a uniform structure, consisting of flattened basal cells, situated next to the basal lamina, and tall cells extending to the lumen.In the smallest specimen examined the various parts of the light gland were not fully differentiated and only a very few symbiotic bacteria were present; its glandular epithelium differed from that of the two larger specimens by containing many goblet cells, the secretion of which may be important for the initial establishment of the right strain of symbiotic bacteriaObservations on the luminescence of live specimens have shown that the light emission can be rapidly modulated from within the esca. The in vivo flash kinetics are considerably slower than those of Dolopichthys longicornis, but similar to those of both the caruncle exudate of Ceratias holboelli and in vitro anglerfish bacterial luciferase.

scholarly journals Direct Image-Based Correlative Microscopy Technique for Coupling Identification and Structural Investigation of Bacterial Symbionts Associated with Metazoans

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 4172-4179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Halary ◽  
Sébastien Duperron ◽  
Thomas Boudier
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Type I ◽  
Ultrastructural Investigation ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Bacterial Morphology ◽  
Single Host

ABSTRACTCoupling prokaryote identification with ultrastructural investigation of bacterial communities has proven difficult in environmental samples. Prokaryotes can be identified by using specific probes and fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH), but resolution achieved by light microscopes does not allow ultrastructural investigation. In the case of symbioses involving bacteria associated with metazoan tissues, FISH-based studies often indicate the co-occurrence of several bacterial types within a single host species. The ultrastructure is then relevant to address host and bacterial morphology and the intra- or extracellular localization of symbionts. A simple protocol for correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) is presented here which allows FISH-based identification of specific 16S rRNA phylotypes and transmission electron microscopy to be performed on a same sample. Image analysis tools are provided to superimpose images obtained and generate overlays. This procedure has been applied to two symbiont-bearing metazoans, namely, aphids and deep-sea mussels. The FISH protocol was modified to take into account constraints associated with the use of electron microscopy grids, and intense and specific signals were obtained. FISH signals were successfully overlaid with bacterial morphotypes in aphids. We thus used the method to address the question of symbiont morphology and localization in a deep-sea mussel. Signals from a type I methanotroph-related phylotype were associated with morphotypes displaying the stacked internal membranes typical for this group and three-dimensional electron tomography was performed, confirming for the first time the correspondence between morphology and phylotype. CLEM is thus feasible and reliable and could emerge as a potent tool for the study of prokaryotic communities.

scholarly journals The Olfactory Mucosa of the Sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean E Kratzing
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Free Edge ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Receptor Cells

The olfactory mucosa of the sheep was studied by light and electron microscopy. The epithelium conforms to the general vertebrate pattern and consists of olfactory receptor cells, supporting, and basal cells. The free edge of the epithelium is made up of long microvilli from the supporting cells and olfactory rods of the receptor cells, each carrying 40-50 cilia. All cell types contain large dark granules which may be the site of olfactory pigment. The basement membrane is not visible in light microscopy and is fine and discontinuous in electron microscopy. Bowman's glands are simple, tubular, mucus-secreting glands in the lamina propria. Their cells contain basal granules resembling those in the epithelial cells. The lamina propria also contains bundles of fine, unmyelinated, olfactory nerve fibres which are the proximal continuations of the receptor cells.

scholarly journals Intestinal goblet cells sample and deliver lumenal antigens by regulated endocytic uptake and transcytosis

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny K Gustafsson ◽  
Jazmyne E Davis ◽  
Tracy Rappai ◽  
Keely G McDonald ◽  
Devesha H Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Mucin Secretion ◽  
Golgi Network

Intestinal goblet cells maintain the protective epithelial barrier through mucus secretion and yet sample lumenal substances for immune processing through formation of goblet cell associated antigen passages (GAPs). The cellular biology of GAPs and how these divergent processes are balanced and regulated by goblet cells remains unknown. Using high resolution light and electron microscopy, we found that in mice, GAPs were formed by an acetylcholine (ACh) dependent endocytic event remarkable for delivery of fluid phase cargo retrograde into the trans golgi network and across the cell by transcytosis - in addition to the expected transport of fluid phase cargo by endosomes to multi-vesicular bodies and lysosomes. While ACh also induced goblet cells to secrete mucins, ACh-induced GAP formation and mucin secretion were functionally independent and mediated by different receptors and signaling pathways, enabling goblet cells to differentially regulate these processes to accommodate the dynamically changing demands of the mucosal environment for barrier maintenance and sampling of lumenal substances.

The Morphology of Vacuolated Cells in the Liver Following Administration of Vitamin A.

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
Odell T. Minick ◽  
Hidejiro Yokoo ◽  
Fawzia Batti
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Vascular Space ◽  
Vacuolated Cell ◽  
Vacuolated Cells ◽  
Vacuolated Cytoplasm

Vacuolated cells in the liver of young rats were studied by light and electron microscopy following the administration of vitamin A (200 units per gram of body weight). Their characteristics were compared with similar cells found in untreated animals.In rats given vitamin A, cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were a prominent feature. These cells were found mostly in a perisinusoidal location, although some appeared to be in between liver cells (Fig. 1). Electron microscopy confirmed their location in Disse's space adjacent to the sinusoid and in recesses between liver cells. Some appeared to be bordering the lumen of the sinusoid, but careful observation usually revealed a tenuous endothelial process separating the vacuolated cell from the vascular space. In appropriate sections, fenestrations in the thin endothelial processes were noted (Fig. 2, arrow).

Control of Autogenous Vein Grafts Prior to Reimplantation, By Electron Microscopy

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
John H. L. Watson ◽  
John L. Swedo ◽  
M. Vrandecic
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Vein Grafts ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Saphenous Veins ◽  
Autogenous Vein ◽  
Control Of Parameters ◽  
Post Implantation

The ambient temperature and the nature of the storage fluids may well have significant effects upon the post-implantation behavior of venus autografts. A first step in the investigation of such effects is reported here. Experimental conditions have been set which approximate actual operating room procedures. Saphenous veins from dogs have been used as models in the experiments. After removal from the dogs the veins were kept for two hours under four different experimental conditions, viz at either 4°C or 23°C in either physiological saline or whole canine arterial blood. At the end of the two hours they were prepared for light and electron microscopy. Since no obvious changes or damage could be seen in the veins by light microscopy, even with the advantage of tissue specific stains, it was essential that the control of parameters for successful grafts be set by electron microscopy.

Ultrastructure of two neoplasms in culture compared with original biopsies

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Harb ◽  
James T. Casper ◽  
Vlcki Piaskowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Biopsy Specimen ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Human Tumor Cells ◽  
Morphological Distinction ◽  
Tumor Types

The application of tissue culture and the newer methodologies of direct cloning and colony formation of human tumor cells in soft agar hold promise as valuable modalities for a variety of diagnostic studies, which include morphological distinction between tumor types by electron microscopy (EM). We present here two cases in which cells in culture expressed distinct morphological features not apparent in the original biopsy specimen. Evaluation of the original biopsies by light and electron microscopy indicated both neoplasms to be undifferentiated sarcomas. Colonies of cells propagated in soft agar displayed features of rhabdomyoblasts in one case, and cultured cells of the second biopsy expressed features of Ewing's sarcoma.

The Effect of Vitamin A on the Intermittent Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Exposure in Hamsters

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
J.C.S. Kim ◽  
M.G. Jourden ◽  
E.S. Carlisle
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Intermittent Exposure ◽  
Hypovitaminosis A ◽  
Gas Exposure

Chronic exposure to nitrogen dioxide in rodents has shown that injury reaches a maximum after 24 hours, and a reparative adaptive phase follows (1). Damage occurring in the terminal bronchioles and proximal portions of the alveolar ducts in rats has been extensively studied by both light and electron microscopy (1).The present study was undertaken to compare the response of lung tissue to intermittent exposure to 10 ppm of nitrogen dioxide gas for 4 hours per week, while the hamsters were on a vitamin A deficient diet. Ultrastructural observations made from lung tissues obtained from non-gas exposed, hypovitaminosis A animals and gas exposed animals fed a regular commercially prepared diet have been compared to elucidate the specific effect of vitamin A on nitrogen dioxide gas exposure. The interaction occurring between vitamin A and nitrogen dioxide gas has not previously been investigated.

mRNA localization by Electron microscopic in situ hybridization

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 430-431
Author(s):  
J. A. Pollock ◽  
M. Martone ◽  
T. Deerinck ◽  
M. H. Ellisman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Functional Sites ◽  
Voltage Electron

Localization of specific proteins in cells by both light and electron microscopy has been facilitate by the availability of antibodies that recognize unique features of these proteins. High resolution localization studies conducted over the last 25 years have allowed biologists to study the synthesis, translocation and ultimate functional sites for many important classes of proteins. Recently, recombinant DNA techniques in molecular biology have allowed the production of specific probes for localization of nucleic acids by “in situ” hybridization. The availability of these probes potentially opens a new set of questions to experimental investigation regarding the subcellular distribution of specific DNA's and RNA's. Nucleic acids have a much lower “copy number” per cell than a typical protein, ranging from one copy to perhaps several thousand. Therefore, sensitive, high resolution techniques are required. There are several reasons why Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscopy (IVEM) and High Voltage Electron Microscopy (HVEM) are most useful for localization of nucleic acids in situ.

The Response of Testis Cells to Low Dose X-Irradiation

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 542-543
Author(s):  
D. E. Philpott ◽  
W. Sapp ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
Joann Stevenson ◽  
S. Black
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
X Irradiation

The response of spermatogonial cells to X-irradiation is well documented. It has been shown that there is a radiation resistent stem cell (As) which, after irradiation, replenishes the seminiferous epithelium. Most investigations in this area have dealt with radiation dosages of 100R or more. This study was undertaken to observe cellular responses at doses less than 100R of X-irradiation utilizing a system in which the tissue can be used for light and electron microscopy.Brown B6D2F1 mice aged 16 weeks were exposed to X-irradiation (225KeV; 15mA; filter 0.35 Cu; 50-60 R/min). Four mice were irradiated at each dose level between 1 and 100 rads. Testes were removed 3 days post-irradiation, fixed, and embedded. Sections were cut at 2 microns for light microscopy. After staining, surviving spermatogonia were identified and counted in tubule cross sections. The surviving fraction of spermatogonia compared to control, S/S0, was plotted against dose to give the curve shown in Fig. 1.

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