‘Simple’ can be good, too: testing three hard bottom sampling methods on macrobenthic and meiobenthic assemblages

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-784
Author(s):  
Kleoniki Keklikoglou ◽  
Georgios Chatzigeorgiou ◽  
Sarah Faulwetter ◽  
Vassiliki Kalogeropoulou ◽  
Wanda Plaiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Sampling Efficiency ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Soft Bottoms ◽  
Suction Sampler ◽  
Productive Systems ◽  
Bottom Sampling ◽  
Hard Substrates

AbstractSubtidal hard bottoms are of particular scientific and economic value as they are highly productive systems. They are less well studied compared with soft bottoms, as they often require manual sample collection via scuba diving. Although a multitude of sampling devices is available for soft bottoms, only a few are suitable for hard substrates, and their performance is largely unstudied. In the present study, three hard bottom sampling methods were compared, regarding their sampling efficiency and the damage they may cause to macrobenthic and meiobenthic organisms. Two of the sampling methods examined are typically employed for the study of hard bottom substrates (manual collection, airlift device), while the third involves a newly constructed sampler (MANOSS – Manual Operated Suction Sampler). All three sampling methods were tested at 12 m depth on a hard bottom substrate with algal coverage dominated by Cystoseira spp. No overall significant differences were observed between the sampling efficiency and the damage caused by the three sampling methods regarding the macrofaunal assemblages, with the exception of the MANOSS method which collected more species than the manual method. In addition, significant differences were observed in the collecting performance for the meiobenthic assemblages, presenting significantly higher densities of meiofauna sampled by the MANOSS compared with the manual collection method, while the airlift device presented an intermediate efficiency. However, taking into account other factors such as cost, ease of use and the scope of each study, none of the methods clearly outperforms the others.

Contaminated flexible endoscopes: Review of impact of channel sampling methods on culture results and recommendations for root-cause analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Michelle J. Alfa ◽  
Harminder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Root Cause Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Critical Aspects

Abstract Recently, infection transmission risk associated with contaminated, patient-ready flexible endoscopes has attracted attention. Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant organisms resulting in infection and/or colonization have been particularly concerning. Recent CDC and FDA recommendations focus on reducing “exogenous” infection transmission and specifically recommend that endoscopy sites have quality systems in place for endoscope reprocessing. Another key recommendation is the culture of patient-ready endoscopes to detect contamination with organisms of concern. Remaining gaps in the guidelines include ensuring that optimal endoscope-channel sample methods are used and ensuring effective root-cause analysis and remediation when contamination is detected. In this review, we summarize the critical aspects of endoscope sample collection and present a practical approach to root-cause analysis and remedial action plans.

The Future of High-Performance Computing (HPC)

2018 ◽  
pp. 4004-4017
Author(s):  
Herbert Cornelius
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Computing ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Development Engineering ◽  
Performance Computing

For decades, HPC has established itself as an essential tool for discoveries, innovations and new insights in science, research and development, engineering and business across a wide range of application areas in academia and industry. Today High-Performance Computing is also well recognized to be of strategic and economic value – HPC matters and is transforming industries. This article will discuss new emerging technologies that are being developed for all areas of HPC: compute/processing, memory and storage, interconnect fabric, I/O and software to address the ongoing challenges in HPC such as balanced architecture, energy efficient high-performance, density, reliability, sustainability, and last but not least ease-of-use. Of specific interest are the challenges and opportunities for the next frontier in HPC envisioned around the 2020 timeframe: ExaFlops computing. We will also outline the new and emerging area of High Performance Data Analytics, Big Data Analytics using HPC, and discuss the emerging new delivery mechanism for HPC - HPC in the Cloud.

Efficiency estimates of a stream Benthos suction sampler

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
IO Growns
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sampling Efficiency ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Suction Sampler ◽  
Multiple Samples ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Fauna

The efficiency of a modified Boulton suction sampler was tested in 2 riffle zones, using multiple removals. Macroinvertebrate fauna was sampled with approximately 70% efficiency on first removal, while organic matter was sampled with 55% efficiency. Sampling efficiencies for specific taxa ranged from 86% (Plecoptera) to 66% (Chironomidae) and 59% (Trichoptera). The results of this study indicate that sampling efficiency can be improved either by taking multiple samples at one location or by increasing the time spent disturbing the substratum and pumping water from the stand pipe. The results also indicate the importance of conducting pilot studies to determine the efficiency of a sampler at sites where the efficiency is likely to be different.

scholarly journals A new soil core sampler for determination bulk density in soil profile

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Prikner ◽  
F. Lachnit ◽  
F. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Core Sampler ◽  
Inner Diameter

The portable soil core sampler was engineered for gradual sampling of soil profile in the depth up to 0.5 m, which ensures extraction of the whole sample volume of soil profile in determinable depth. The portable soil core sampler was compared with the professional soil probe Eijkelkamp P1.31 (Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment, Netherlands) in field conditions. The portable sampler was compared with the physical soil sample rings in laboratory conditions to eliminate all of possible restrictive aspects affecting the procedure of measurement. The portable soil core sampler with inner diameter 71 mm, depth 120 mmenables gradually take samples of soil profile by step of 50 mmand is able to detect possible local extremes. On the other hand a soil probe is not able to reach desired accuracy in taking of a&nbsp;soil sample. Values measured from a soil probe approximately taken by step of 150 mmare inaccurate. The values of bulk density of both sampling methods were variable at significant interval from 40 into 80 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. Different values could be caused by soil profile condition and by the use of different sampling methods. The design of a portable soil sampler should be of assistance in fast and precise soil profiling sample collection, which is required to determine bulk density of the soil, its variance depending on moisture content in soil compaction determining criteria.

scholarly journals Evaluation of sample collection and transport strategies to enhance yield, accessibility, and biosafety of COVID-19 RT-PCR testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmapriya Banada ◽  
David Elson ◽  
Naranjargal Daivaa ◽  
Claire Park ◽  
Samuel Desind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Viral Inactivation ◽  
Viral Transport ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Transport Buffer

ABSTRACTSensitive, accessible, and biosafe sampling methods for COVID-19 reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays are needed for frequent and widespread testing. We systematically evaluated diagnostic yield across different sample collection and transport workflows, including the incorporation of a viral inactivation buffer. We prospectively collected nasal swabs, oral swabs, and saliva, from 52 COVID-19 RT-PCR-confirmed patients, and nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs from 37 patients. Nasal and oral swabs were placed in both viral transport media (VTM) and eNAT™, a sterilizing transport buffer, prior to testing with the Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 (Xpert) test. The sensitivity of each sampling strategy was compared using a composite positive standard. Overall, swab specimens collected in eNAT showed superior sensitivity compared to swabs in VTM (70% vs 57%, P=0.0022). Direct saliva 90.5%, (95% CI: 82%, 95%), followed by NP swabs in VTM and saliva in eNAT, was significantly more sensitive than nasal swabs in VTM (50%, P<0.001) or eNAT (67.8%, P=0.0012) and oral swabs in VTM (50%, P<0.0001) or eNAT (56%, P<0.0001). Saliva and use of eNAT buffer each increased detection of SARS-CoV-2 with the Xpert test; however, no single sample matrix identified all positive cases.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Perceived Ease Of Use, Perceived Usefulness, dan Trust terhadap Intention To Use

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Ivan Naufaldi ◽  
Miharni Tjokrosaputro
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Convenience Sampling

The purpose of this study is to examine whether perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and trust are positive predictors of Intention to use DANA in Jakarta. The population of this research is the DANA users who live in Jakarta, from the entire population of researchers who used only 200 people as samples selected using convinience sampling methods, by distributing questionnaires online, the data were then processed using smartPLS-SEM. The result of this research is perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness affect intention to use, and the trust can’t affect the intention to use.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji apakah persepsi kemudahan penggunaan, persepsi manfaat, dan kepercayaan merupakan prediktor positif dari niat untuk menggunakan DANA di Jakarta. Populasi penelitian ini adalah pengguna DANA yang tinggal di Jakarta, dari seluruh populasi peneliti yang menggunakan hanya 200 orang sebagai sampel yang dipilih menggunakan metode convenience sampling, dengan mendistribusikan kuesioner secara online, data kemudian diproses menggunakan smartPLS-SEM. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah persepsi kemudahan penggunaan dan persepsi kegunaan mempengaruhi niat untuk menggunakan, dan kepercayaan tidak dapat mempengaruhi niat untuk menggunakan.

scholarly journals What Pediatricians Should Know Before Studying Gut Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drago ◽  
Panelli ◽  
Bandi ◽  
Zuccotti ◽  
Perini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Vital Organ ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Insight Into

Billions of microorganisms, or “microbiota”, inhabit the gut and affect its homeostasis, influencing, and sometimes causing if altered, a multitude of diseases. The genomes of the microbes that form the gut ecosystem should be summed to the human genome to form the hologenome due to their influence on human physiology; hence the term “microbiome” is commonly used to refer to the genetic make-up and gene–gene interactions of microbes. This review attempts to provide insight into this recently discovered vital organ of the human body, which has yet to be fully explored. We herein discuss the rhythm and shaping of the microbiome at birth and during the first years leading up to adolescence. Furthermore, important issues to consider for conducting a reliable microbiome study including study design, inclusion/exclusion criteria, sample collection, storage, and variability of different sampling methods as well as the basic terminology of molecular approaches, data analysis, and clinical interpretation of results are addressed. This basic knowledge aims to provide the pediatricians with a key tool to avoid data dispersion and pitfalls during child microbiota study.

scholarly journals Benthic Macrofauna Associated with Submerged Bottoms of a Tectonic Estuary in Tropical Eastern Pacific

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Guevara-Fletcher ◽  
Jaime R. Cantera Kintz ◽  
Luz M. Mejía-Ladino ◽  
Fabián A. Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Benthic Macrofauna ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Soft Bottoms ◽  
Hard Substrates

The composition and distribution of the main associations of submerged macrobenthos ofBahía Málaga(Colombian pacific coast), were studied in relation to the distribution of hard and soft substrates and some abiotic factors. Eight localities were sampled during six months: three in the external border of the estuary and five in the inner part. In total, 728 organisms were registered, belonging to 207 species, 132 genera, 86 families, and 14 orders of six invertebrate groups (Porifera, Cnidaria, Polychaeta, Mollusca, Crustacea, and Echinodermata). The submerged bottoms presented soft and hard substrates, with rocks and thick sand in five sites, soft bottoms with fine sand in one, and soft bottoms with slime and clay in two. The temperature and salinity values were higher in the external localities, while dissolved oxygen and pH were higher in the internal localities. The localities with hard substrates presented the highest richness of species while the soft substrates, were characterized by a paucity of species and individuals. The similarity classification analyses showed two groups: one characterized by having 61 species in common and high richness with 113 exclusive species. The other group with low diversity and richness values, 37 species in common and 23 exclusive species.

scholarly journals A schematic sampling protocol for contaminant monitoring in raptors

AMBIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Espín ◽  
Jovan Andevski ◽  
Guy Duke ◽  
Igor Eulaers ◽  
Pilar Gómez-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Sentinel Species ◽  
Birds Of Prey ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Sampling Protocol ◽  
Building Capacity ◽  
Contaminant Monitoring

AbstractBirds of prey, owls and falcons are widely used as sentinel species in raptor biomonitoring programmes. A major current challenge is to facilitate large-scale biomonitoring by coordinating contaminant monitoring activities and by building capacity across countries. This requires sharing, dissemination and adoption of best practices addressed by the Networking Programme Research and Monitoring for and with Raptors in Europe (EURAPMON) and now being advanced by the ongoing international COST Action European Raptor Biomonitoring Facility. The present perspective introduces a schematic sampling protocol for contaminant monitoring in raptors. We provide guidance on sample collection with a view to increasing sampling capacity across countries, ensuring appropriate quality of samples and facilitating harmonization of procedures to maximize the reliability, comparability and interoperability of data. The here presented protocol can be used by professionals and volunteers as a standard guide to ensure harmonised sampling methods for contaminant monitoring in raptors.

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