scholarly journals Charles Morazé (editor), History of mankind. Cultural and scientific development, volume 5, The nineteenth century 1775–1905, London, Allen & Unwin, 1976. Parts I and II: The Scientific Revolution, Industrial Revolution and technical developments, 8vo, pp. xxx, 429, illus., £15.00. Part III: Social, cultural and religious aspects, 8vo, pp. xii, 430-1009, illus., £15.00. Part IV, European empires, technical and scientific progress, culture conflicts, 8vo, pp. xii, 1010-1394, illus., £15.00.

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-452
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Aspects

scholarly journals Narrativity, Narrative Identity, and Social Action: Rethinking English Working-Class Formation

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret R. Somers
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Class Conflict ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working People ◽  
History Of

The nineteenth-century English working class bears a most peculiar burden and embodies a most peculiar paradox. Like Auden’s academic warriors who spar with “smiles and Christian names,” historians, economists, and sociologists have pushed and prodded early nineteenth-century English working people into procrustean political positions to support or disconfirm Marx’s predictions of revolutionary class conflict erupting from the contradictions of capitalism. A Manichaean concern locks the debate into an impasse. Were early nineteenth-century workers revolutionary or reformist? Was there a class struggle in the industrial revolution? The questions remain unresolved. Yet, surely it is the history of English working peoples that has suffered from this burden of praising or burying Marxism through competing interpretations of their early stories?

scholarly journals The Roles of Mathematics in the History of Science: The Mathematization Thesis

2020 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Ciro Tomazella Ferreira ◽  
Cibelle Celestino Silva
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Mathematical Approach ◽  
New Science ◽  
History Of

In this paper, we present an analysis of the evolution of the history of science as a discipline focusing on the role of the mathematization of nature as a historiographical perspective. Our study is centered in the mathematization thesis, which considers the rise of a mathematical approach of nature in the 17th century as being the most relevant event for scientific development. We begin discussing Edmund Husserl whose work, despite being mainly philosophical, is relevant for having affected the emergence of the narrative of the mathematization of nature and due to its influence on Alexandre Koyré. Next, we explore Koyré, Dijksterhuis, and Burtt’s works, the historians from the 20th century responsible for the elaboration of the main narratives about the Scientific Revolution that put the mathematization of science as the protagonist of the new science. Then, we examine the reframing of the mathematization thesis with the narrative of two traditions developed by Thomas S. Kuhn and Richard Westfall, in which the mathematization of nature shares space with other developments taken as equally relevant. We conclude presenting contemporary critical perspectives on the mathematization thesis and its capacity for synthesizing scientific development.

scholarly journals Psychoanalysis, thermodynamics and the matter of scarcity: A genealogy of Freud's death drive hypothesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Massot
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Death Drive ◽  
Pleasure Principle ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Laws Of Thermodynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Second Industrial Revolution

In Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Freud introduced the death drive hypothesis, according to which “the aim of all life is death”. I trace the genealogy of this hypothesis in order to understand it as a moment in the history of modern Western societies. First, I present Freud's metapsychology, and in particular its “economic” dimension, the death drive being central to this dimension. Secondly, I retrace the history of the concept of energy and of the formulation of the laws of thermodynamics in the nineteenth century. Energetics and thermodynamics are shown to have been important to the Freudian economic dimension. Further, I show that for nineteenth-century scientists, the concern for energy reflected a socio-economic preoccupation with the matter of scarcity. Lastly, I argue that Freud's relationship to energy, as expressed in the death drive hypothesis, also reflected a certain relationship of Western countries to scarcity in the era of the second industrial revolution.<br>

Greek Catholic theological seminary in Lviv and Yuriy Glogovsky

2019 ◽  
pp. 458-480
Author(s):  
Larysa Kupchynska
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Theological Seminary ◽  
Central State ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Catholic Theological

Taking into account the actual problems of time, the article presents materials related to the history of the architectural complex of the Greek Catholic theological seminary in Lviv. The research is based on the works of famous Ukrainian and Polish scholars, archival documents, maps of Lviv and graphic works of graphic artists of the nineteenth century which are stored primarily in the funds of the Lviv National Scientific Library of Ukraine named after V. Stefanyk. The plans of the side building of the Greek Catholic Seminary in Lviv is introduced in a scientific revolution with rooms for the economist, cook and services, which was prepared by a well-known in Galicia builder of the first half of the nineteenth century — Yuriy Glogovsky in 1826 and 1828. Today they is located in the Central State Historical Archives of Lviv city. The plans best reflects the part of the interior of a seminar house which today has very little information. Being the only known source of this kind, the documents is analyzed in details. The article separately gives the reason for their appearance. In addition, all the premises that underwent reorganization over a period of two years were examined in detail. This made it possible to show the needs of those for whom they were intended, the general direction and nature of the work of the Construction Directorate. It was emphasized that the legacy of Y. Glogovsky is a powerful base for studying the architecture of Lviv in the first half of the nineteenth century, her history. Keywords: Lviv, Greek Catholic theological seminary, constructor Yuriy Glogovsky, architecture, plans of the seminar house, history.

Introduction

Peak Pursuits ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Caroline Schaumann
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Material Ecocriticism ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human World ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
Intimate Exchange

This chapter presents a Humboldtian history of mountaineering in the long nineteenth century and reviews the scientific progress and aesthetic reverence that became available through the embodied experience of the mountaineer. It mentions scholars Christophe Bonneuil and Jean-Baptiste Fressoz who defined the central premise of Anthropocene as challenges that were formerly deemed fundamental to the modern West. It also looks into Stacy Alaimo's observation of transcorporeal interchanges, which considers climbing mountains as a creative and performative undertaking. The chapter deals with recent theories of material ecocriticism that conceptualize mountaineering as an intimate exchange between the human and more-than-human world. It also emphasizes how mountaineering can become a creative act of perceiving the world with one's hands and feet.

scholarly journals Working-Class Housing in Birmingham During the Industrial Revolution

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-94
Author(s):  
Eric Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town

It is not too much to say that over the last twenty years the history of working-class housing in the nineteenth century has been transformed. Many older historians, of course, took it for granted that the quality of houses built to meet the needs of the fast-growing urban population was uniformly bad, a testimony to the avarice of builders and landlords alike. Beliefs of this kind owed much to Engels, and to the Hammonds writing earlier this century about the life of the town labourter. One of the first suggestions that these views were really an over-simplified description of housing conditions came from Professor Ashworth in the 1950's, who pointed out that it was quite wrong to suppose that all nineteenth-century towns developed on the same lines, a kind of Coketown endlessly repeated. While not denying that there was a great deal of poor-quality building, more recently historians have made it clear that newer town housing of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries was not necessarily worse than housing built earlier on, or worse than rural housing built at the same time; that new building varied in construction and amenities in the same town, and from town to town; that the skilled working classes were likely to live in better-quality housing than the unskilled; and that the segregation of working-class housing from middle-class housing, and of the better-off working classes from the labouring classes, again varied from town to town.

‘The emergency which has arrived’: the problematic history of nineteenth-century British algebra – a programmatic outline

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menachem Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Mathematical Physics ◽  
John Herschel ◽  
History Of ◽  
As If ◽  
Second Coming

More than any other aspect of the Second Scientific Revolution, the remarkable revitalization or British mathematics and mathematical physics during the first half of the nineteenth century is perhaps the most deserving of the name. While the newly constituted sciences of biology and geology were undergoing their first revolution, as it were, the reform of British mathematics was truly and self-consciously the story of a second coming of age. ‘Discovered by Fermat, cocinnated and rendered analytical by Newton, and enriched by Leibniz with a powerful and comprehensive notation’, wrote the young John Herschel and Charles Babbage of the calculus in 1813, ‘as if the soil of this country [was] unfavourable to its cultivation, it soon drooped and almost faded into neglect; and we now have to re-import the exotic, with nearly a century of foreign improvement, and to render it once more indigenous among us’.

scholarly journals Journey of American Building Physics: Steps Leading to the Current Scientific Revolution

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bomberg ◽  
Anna Romanska-Zapala ◽  
David Yarbrough
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Building Science ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Burning Coal ◽  
Building Physics ◽  
First Time

This is an overview of a Key Note lecture; the quote for this lecture is from T.S. Eliot: “We must not cease from exploration and at the end of all our exploring will be to arrive, where we began, and, to know the place for the first time”. This quote highlights that the process of scientific development goes in circles, yet each of them goes above the previous circle, building up the ladder of knowledge. Closing one circle and opening the next may be either be a quiet, unnoticeable event or a roaring loud, scientific revolution. Building science (physics) was started about 100 years ago, but only now are we closing its second circle. Perhaps, because of building physics’ role in the fourth industrial revolution, this discipline itself is undergoing a scientific revolution The first industrial revolution was based on steam generated by burning coal, the second was based on petroleum, and the third on electricity and concentrated electricity production. The current one, i.e., the fourth, is based on distributed energy sources combined with information technology.

“To Make Them Serve”: The 1871 Transvaal Commission on African Labour as a Source for Agrarian History

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 39-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan S. Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Race Relations ◽  
South African ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The State ◽  
Preliminary Attempt ◽  
Industrial History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

In the past twenty to twenty-five years valuable contributions have been made to southern African agrarian history. Stanley Trapido's publications, for example, opened up stimulating perspectives on the processes and forces inherent to nineteenth-century Transvaal agrarian history. Although he was modest in his 1980 chapter, “Reflections on Land, Office, and Wealth in the South African Republic, 1850-1900,” and referred to it as “a tentative and preliminary attempt to outline some important aspects of these social relationships,” it has provided historians and others with an important instrument of analysis.However, there are still themes, regions, and periods that need attention, one of these being the central districts of the Transvaal before the industrial revolution. In this regard a little-known source which may contribute to our knowledge of the pre-industrial history of the Transvaal, and which will be published this year as an annotated source publication, should be taken note of. This is the 1871 Commission on African labor in the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (ZAR). Despite the valuable information contained in its documents on agrarian history and various aspects of race relations, especially with regard to the central districts of the Transvaal, it has been neglected by historians in the past. Of the few historians who refer to the 1871 Commission, most have merely utilised the report of the commission and have probably missed the important testimonies, correspondence, and minutes. Very few have managed to locate these documents, which are concealed among the supplementary documents of the State Secretary for 1871 in the Transvaal Archives.

Gregory King and the Social Structure of pre-industrial England

1977 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 41-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social History ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Post War

Despite the rich and exciting work of recent years, the social history of England between the Restoration and the Industrial Revolution still bears something of a hangdog look, scarcely war-ranting, as yet, the cosmic conclusions and ferocious controversies to which students of early Stuart and early nineteenth-century society have grown accustomed. Yet, thanks to the work of one remarkable Englishman, who was born in 1648 and died in 1712, there is one aspect of this pre-industrial period—its social structure—on which we are all happy to pontificate. Gregory King's table of ranks and degrees, on which in the last resort so much of this confidence rests, has now acquired a unique cachet. The continual reproduction in post-war textbooks of this famous document, which we think of as King's ‘social table’ but which he described as his ‘Scheme of the Income and Expense of the Several Famillies of England’, is just the most obvious symptom of its dominant historiographical influence.

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