A City With a View: The Afforestation of the Delhi Ridge, 1883–1913

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL MANN ◽  
SAMIKSHA SEHRAWAT
Keyword(s):  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Capital City ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
British Government ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Landscape Gardening

AbstractDespite the contemporary importance of the Ridge forest to the city of Delhi as its most important ‘green lung’, the concept of urban forestry has been explored neither by urban historians studying Delhi nor by environmental historians. This article places the colonial efforts to plant a forest on the Delhi Ridge from 1883 to 1913 within the context of the gradual deforestation of the countryside around Delhi and the local colonial administration's preoccupation with encouraging arboriculture. This project of colonial forestry prioritized the needs of the white colonizers living in Delhi, while coming into conflict repeatedly with indigenous peasants. With the decision to transfer the capital to Delhi in 1911, the afforestation of the Delhi Ridge received a further stimulus. Town planners' visions of a building the capital city of New Delhi were meant to assert the grandeur of British rule through imposing buildings, with the permanence of the British in India being emphasised by the strategic location of the ruins of earlier empires within the city. The principles of English landscape gardening inspired the planning of New Delhi, with the afforestation of the Delhi Ridge being undertaken to provide a verdant backdrop for—the Government House and the Secretariat—the administrative centre of British government in India. Imperial notions of landscaping, which were central to the afforestation of the Delhi Ridge epitomised colonial rule and marginalized Indians.

scholarly journals MODEL BISNIS KAWASAN STRATEGIS PARIWISATA KOTA PALU SULAWESI TENGAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman Syah
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Processing Zone ◽  
The City ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Palu city is the capital city of Central Sulawesi province bordering with Gorontalo Province. Indigenous people who inhabit the city of Palu is a community of Kaili tribe. Palu City was selected as a Special Economic Zone (KEK) for eastern Indonesia and consists of industrial zone, logistics zone and export processing zone. When viewed from the tourism business, there are several famous destinations such as Sibili Lake, Banua Mbaso, Hanging Bridge, Mosque 'Apung' Argam Bab Al Rahman, and Sis Al Jufrie.The method used by writer is qualitative with inductive data analysis. The results found that the city of Palu has shown passion in the field of tourism. Palu City presents a variety of new tourist destinations including natural attractions, culinary tours, and cultural tourism. For example Cars Tusuk Satay, Palu Bay, Four Palu Bridge, Solar Eclipse Monument, Nusantara Pavilion, and Palu Nomori Inscription. Then the tourists need to be given free space to satisfy the needs during a vacation. The business model implemented is that local people can entrepreneurship, gain profit, and create new jobs. Meanwhile, for the government through the Office of Culture and Tourism of Palu City is able to generate Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) in addition to taxes from culinary executed by local communities. To support, the Office of Culture and Tourism of Palu City can hold and coordinate with all the agencies in accordance with their respective work programs. As the development and development of houses to become homestay homes and home industry, the integration of public transportation fleet, and build the concept of Information Management System (SIM) Tourism via online to package the tourism potential of Palu City.

The Pugh Claim

1934 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-138
Author(s):  
E. Russell Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
British Government ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Judicial Investigation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

In June, 1929, James Pugh, an Irish seaman, was arrested in a bar in the city of Colon, Republic of Panama, because of his belligerent attitude toward two policemen and his refusal to pay a bill. On the way to the police station a serious fight occurred, the circumstances of which were in dispute. Pugh died shortly thereafter. The Panamanian judicial investigation of the affair acquitted the two policemen of criminal responsibility for Pugh’s death, a result which apparently was not satisfactory to the British Government, for in July, 1930, a formal request was made upon the Government of Panama by the British Government for an indemnity of ®1,000 on behalf of the children of the deceased, based upon the allegation that his death had been caused by unjustified acts of Panamanian policemen in beating him and dissatisfaction with the manner in which the police agents had been tried.

Competing Visions of Empire in the Colonial Built Environment: Sir Bradford Leslie and the Building of New Delhi

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Financial Resources ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Precise Location ◽  
British Rule ◽  
The Press ◽  
Human Material ◽  
New City ◽  
The Government ◽  
A Site ◽  
Building Project

In 1911, the Government of India transferred the imperial seat of government from Calcutta to Delhi. The decision initiated an ambitious colonial building project that consumed massive human, material, and financial resources for the next two decades. The new city was meant to be not just a site of government but also a symbol of a new direction in British rule. As such, the transfer and building of a new capital caused tremendous debate in parliament, in the press, and in the worlds of art and finance. This paper examines one of these debates: the precise location of the new capital in the Delhi area. When news reached London that the Government of India planned to build the new capital in a largely rural area with little connection to Delhi's existing European community, Sir Bradford Leslie, an eminent railway engineer with long experience in India, prepared a town plan that placed the capital back within Delhi's European civil lines. His plan, the controversy it created, and its eventual rejection by the Government of India highlighted arguments over the meaning of British rule in India and who should benefit from it.

scholarly journals Gauge Policy of the Colonial Government: A Reappraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-131
Author(s):  
Gautam Kumar Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
British Government ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
British Rule ◽  
The Government ◽  
Colonial Government

The gauge policy of the British government, from the very beginning of the construction of railways in India to the end of British rule, was a much more controversial issue. The higher authority of the government always considered the matter from an economic point of view and did not give any importance to the convenience and comfort of the passengers as well as of the serious evils of the break of gauge. It was assumed that the inconvenience of a break of gauge was confined to the actual handling change of transshipment, the amount being equivalent to a few miles of extra haulage. But the main evil of the break of gauge was much graver. When an all India gauge policy was needed to solve the aforesaid problems, the colonial government did nothing in this direction and consciously showed indifference regarding the haphazard policy of gauge.

The city and the beloved witness: Mapping cityscapes of Delhi in Agha Shahid Ali’s poetry

2019 ◽  
pp. 002198941988102
Author(s):  
Haris Qadeer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Capital City ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Poetic Tradition ◽  
American Poet ◽  
Literary Cartography ◽  
Spatial Specificity ◽  
The City

The reputation of Agha Shahid Ali, the Kashmiri-American poet, as a poet of exile is well established. Much of his poetry deals with themes of loss, lamentation, and longing where he speaks in a powerful voice about the plight of people of Kashmir. Shahid’s personal memories are not only of Kashmir but also of Delhi, the city where he was born, studied, taught, and published his first collection of poems. In his poems about Delhi he revisits both old Delhi and New Delhi: he roams around the city, listens to Qawwali at Saint Nizamuddin’s mausoleum, meets Muslim butchers, remembers his parents, remembers Shahjahan, and recites Bahadur Shah Zafar’s poem. This article investigates the representations and recollections of Delhi in Agha Shahid Ali’s poems and explores the city’s centrality in understanding socio-cultural history, the importance of particular individuals, and spatial specificity. It studies how the poet explores the city in relation to its languages, histories (the Rebellion of 1857, Partition, post-Partition), and cultures (Mughal and modern). I further investigate how Ali’s literary cartography of Delhi is influenced both by indigenous genres such as Shehr Ashob and the modern English poetic tradition, and how certain Indo-Islamic tropes become central to the poet’s literary memorialization of India’s capital city.

Anticipations of Freedom

2018 ◽  
pp. 146-207
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
The Public ◽  
British Rule ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Public Sphere

In the last two decades of colonial rule in India, there were anticipations of freedom in many areas of the public sphere. In the domain of archiving these were chiefly felt in the form of reversal of earlier policies. The biggest change was that the habit of looking at the records as resources exclusively to be used by the civil servants for purposes of governance was abandoned. The resistance of the bureaucracy from the 1860s to opening the records to the Indian public was overcome. And, above all, the locus of policymaking shifted in the 1920s to the Indian Historical Records Commission, consisting of leading Indian historians who outnumbered the ‘official’ members who represented the government record offices. The period spanning the beginning of the nineteenth century to the last years of British rule in India saw the evolution from a Eurocentric and disparaging approach to India towards a more liberal and less ethnocentric approach.

City Profile: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Todd ◽  
Ibrahim Msuya ◽  
Francis Levira ◽  
Irene Moshi
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Capital City ◽  
High Rate ◽  
City Management ◽  
Location Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Cities in Africa are experiencing fast urbanization with growing demand for basic services. The city of Dar es Salam, one of the fastest growing cities in the region and the world, is likely to guide the urban future in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam is the former capital city of Tanzania and retains its importance as most of the government offices were located. However, the whole process of complete relocation of government offices to the present capital city of Dodoma might affect the dynamics in Dar es Salaam in the near future. Nevertheless, it is the leading commercial centre and economic hub in Tanzania and is expected to be a mega city by 2030. The growth of the city is construed by both natural increase and high rate of migration. However, the city’s organic growth was affected by racial-based residential segregation under the colonial regime, whose imprints are evident to date. In this profile, an overview of Dar es Salaam’s colonial, post-colonial, social, economic and location factors that led to urbanization is provided. This profile highlights the previous, current and future challenges, and explores the pathways to enhance sustainability and transformation of Dar es Salaam to be a smart city. Poor implementation of master plans led to minimal guidance of city growth, but the current land and and human settlement policy emphasizes on sustainable approach in urban planning including low costs but sustainable settlements even for the urban poor. Such transformation requires government and city management to invest in better planning implementation, creation of database that will inform future planning, improvement in social services such as infrastructure, access to quality and affordable housing, water and electricity supply. This paper contributes to the existing literature on nature of cities in developing countries, which had been affected by colonialism and poor implementation of policies, and suggest ways in which cities can to become smarter and sustainable.

scholarly journals THE ANALYZE OF SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS TO MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE GENERATED IN SUMATERA ISLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Gita Prajati ◽  
Althien John Pesurnay
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
The Government ◽  
Result Analysis ◽  
The City ◽  
Banda Aceh

Waste produced since man living in social structure and community. Lately, waste problems becoming one of modern society’s interests. Population growth, industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth increasing solid waste significantly. In addition to that, education has contributed to solid waste. The incapability of government to manage waste causing problems in the health environment sector. The increase in waste generated demands the government to do waste management better. This research purpose is to analyze the most significant factor to waste generated based on sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, that can be used as basic planning for the facility and cost of waste management systems. Cities included in the research’s coverage area are the capital city of Sumatera Provinces, except Banda Aceh. There are two methods in this research. The first method is cluster analysis to classify cities based on waste generated. The second methods are ANOVA and discriminant analysis to determine the most significant factor of the classification result. Analysis cluster shows that Medan and Bandar Lampung included in a group of the city with high waste generated. Whereas, Pekanbaru, Tanjungpinang, and Pangkalpinang included in a group of the city with low waste generated. ANOVA and discriminant analysis shows that the most significant factor to waste generated in Sumatera Island is population density. Sampah diketahui mulai diproduksi semenjak manusia mengenal kehidupan bermasyarakat dan hidup di dalam suatu komunitas. Belakangan, permasalahan sampah menjadi salah satu perhatian utama di kalangan masyarakat modern. Adanya pertumbuhan penduduk, industrialisasi, urbanisasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi, mengakibatkan terjadinya peningkatan yang signifikan dari jumlah sampah perkotaan. Selain itu, tingkat pendidikan yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat juga berpengaruh terhadap produksi sampah yang dihasilkan. Ketidakmampuan pemerintah di dalam pengelolaan persampahan menimbulkan masalah di bidang kesehatan lingkungan. Peningkatan jumlah sampah menuntut pemerintah agar dapat menjalankan pengelolaan persampahan dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap timbulan sampah dilihat dari faktor sosiodemografi dan sosioekonomi, yang nantinya dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar perencanaan sarana dan pembiayaan dari pengelolaan sampah perkotaan. Penelitian dilakukan di ibu kota provinsi Sumatera, terkecuali Banda. Aceh. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini terbagi menjadi dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah analisis klaster untuk pengklasifikasian kota berdasarkan timbulan sampah. Tahap selanjutnya analisa diskiriminan dan ANOVA untuk menentukan faktor pembeda dari masing-masing kelompok yang telah terbentuk. Hasil analisis klaster menunjukkan bahwa kota Medan dan Bandar lampung termasuk ke dalam kelompok kota dengan tingkat timbulan sampah tinggi. Sedangkan kota Pekanbaru, Tanjung Pinang dan Pangkalpinang termasuk ke dalam kelompok kota dengan tingkat timbulan sampah rendah. Analisa diskriminan dan ANOVA memperlihatkan bahwa hanya ada satu faktor yang memberikan pengaruh paling signifikan terhadap timbulan sampah di ibu kota provinsi Sumatera, yaitu kepadatan penduduk.

scholarly journals Selection of Poverty Reduction Program through Community-Based Economic Empowerment in Madiun City

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Nila Andriani ◽  
Ramadhan Prasetya Wibawa ◽  
Liana Vivin Wihartanti
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Madiun City is one of the cities in East Java Province and is known as a city of trade and industry, Madiun community, in general, is a picture of modern society even though it is far from economic development in the capital city. Madiun is a city that has the potential to become an advanced economic center in the city of Madiun. Current conditions indicate that the unemployment rate and the quality of human resources in the city of Madiun are still low. Data from the Manpower Office of the city of Madiun noted that the number of unemployed people in the local area reached 5,700. Besides, people's economic strength has not developed optimally, and the index of public purchasing power is still low. In 2018 data from the Central Bureau of Statistics illustrates that poverty in Madiun City reached 4.49% or as many as 7.92 thousand people. One way to alleviate poverty in the city of Madiun is through community-based economic empowerment. This study aims to formulate a strategy to alleviate poverty through community-based economic empowerment and to improve the living standards of people in the city of Madiun. The method used in this study is qualitative by using primary and secondary data. Data collection is done by interviews, documentation, and field observations. The findings of the study are that the existence of community-based economic empowerment in Madiun city can increase economic income and increase the community's insight into becoming more open to the economy of the community, as well as the newly formed community. The efforts of fostering and empowering have been carried out by the government and the local community through business dissemination, small and medium industry counseling, strengthening community participation in training, and providing community training, namely how to build a robust community, management training, and marketing system training.

Chandigarh

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
New Towns ◽  
New City ◽  
The Government ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The City

Following independence from Britain in 1947, India was “partitioned,” resulting in the creation of West Pakistan and East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The old Punjab capital of Lahore fell into the territory of West Pakistan, leaving Indian Punjab without an administrative center, and much emotional lament at the “loss” of Lahore. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru addressed this through commissioning a new city that would manifest his vision of a free India emerging from colonial rule. It was to be an administrative and cultural replacement for Lahore, a destination for refugees fleeing West Pakistan, and a symbolic concept of a modernizing, liberated India. Although often viewed as a standalone project, it formed part of a suite of new towns being developed across India at this time (and stretching back to colonial rule). However, Chandigarh became the most famous and significant of these projects because of its association with the Swiss-French architect and planning visionary, Le Corbusier. Before his appointment, American planner Albert Mayer and Polish architect Matthew Nowicki produced the first plan for the town, but following Nowicki’s unexpected death and difficulty paying Mayer’s fees in foreign currency, the Indian government looked for alternative designers. Engineer P. L. Varma and Administrator P. N. Thapar were sent on a recruitment mission to Europe, eventually enlisting Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Maxwell Fry, and Jane Drew. Le Corbusier designed the master plan (an orthogonal CIAM grid revision of Mayer’s Radburn-type plan) as well as the government offices. The rest of the design team, including a cohort of Indian architects, would take responsibility for planning each of the city’s rectilinear neighborhoods, known as “sectors.” Most sectors were self-contained settlements of housing, schools, and local shops. Others were more specialist, such as Sector-14, which contained the university. Running through the center of the plan was an area devoted to nature and parkland, known as “Leisure Valley.” Le Corbusier designed the vast concrete government Secretariat, Assembly Building, and High Court in Sector-1 according to his Modulor proportioning system. The most dramatic structure is the Assembly Building, with its bold concrete portico and debating chambers topped with pyramidal and truncated hyperbolic paraboloid forms. These grand projects have dominated the perception of the city, but more recently there has been research into the various housing projects, the designs and contribution of the Indian architects, unexpected additions to the city plan such as informal settlements, and the vast visionary environment known as Nek Chand’s Rock Garden.

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