Violence, Reconstruction and Islamic Reform—Stories from the Muslim ‘Ghetto’

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 431-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUBINA JASANI
Keyword(s):  
Western India ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Communal Violence ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Internal Politics ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

AbstractThis paper is a critique of popular and academic assumptions about the Muslim ‘community’ and Islamist organizations, especially in the context of displacement and reconstruction after the 2002 riots in Ahmedabad, western India. It explores the internal politics of Jamaat-led organizations and the engagement of survivors with ideas of reform and piety. Contesting contemporary understandings of reformist Jamaats, I argue that the growing influence of the latter organizations had little co-relation with their resettlement plans and policies. The reconstruction patterns were more closely linked to the history of labour migration to the city, and the subsequent movement of violence-affected people from the mill areas to larger Muslim ghettoes. My ethnography shows how the survivors strategically engaged with reform initiatives and negotiated with local Islamist organizations for ‘safe housing’. By illustrating certain ambiguities within the everyday practices of Islam, my paper also problematizes notions of ‘piety’ and ‘agency’, primarily after people's experiences of communal violence.

scholarly journals Leisure and Recreation in the Socio-Cultural Memory of Urban Women in the 1950 and 1960s Based on Materials from Volgograd

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-304
Author(s):  
Irina V. Bogdashina
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Leisure And Recreation ◽  
The City

The article examines everyday practices of rest and leisure among urban women living in the city of Volgograd (Stalingrad) - a city that had been completely destroyed during the war. The goal of the present study is to identify specific characteristics in the everyday practices of women. The methodology combines comparative historical, biographical and aggregate methods. Interviews conducted along the empathy method made it possible to identify the sensual and emotional sides of the respondents' lives. The research is based on ego-documents (diaries, oral history), periodicals (magazines, newspapers), and statistics. The article discusses the concepts of free time and rest as preserved in the memory of townspeople, and also private and public forms of leisure. A major finding is that women's memory and texts reveal sensory and emotional experiences that can be used for the history of everyday life. This allows for an imagination of everyday life from a new angle. Domestic work took away the vast majority of women's free time, and given the cultural potential of the region was still underdeveloped, most city dwellers concentrated pastime activities on their homes. However, with the high workload of women at home and at work, it was leisure outside the home that remained one of the few ways for women to relax and recover from mental and physical stress. The everyday life of urban women in the 1950s and 1960s was characterized by a division of leisure in private and public forms.

The Power of Rumours in the Making of History: The Case of the Adana Incident of 1909 in the Ottoman Empire

Belleten ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (277) ◽  
pp. 951-972
Author(s):  
Kemal Çi̇çek
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Communal Violence ◽  
Communal Conflict ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City

The Adana Incident of 1909 is one of the local events of the Armeno-Muslim relations during the final decades of the history of the Ottoman Empire. A good amount of works has been hitherto done by the historians of the Middle East about the communal conflict in Adana in April 1909. Historians have so far heavily focused on the political, economic and social dimensions and/or reasons of the conflict. In spite of the proliferation of writings, however, very few have touched upon the power of rumours in the escalation of violence between the two communities. Indeed, my work on the archival sources of the incident have produced enormous documentation which indicate that the rumours circulated around the city had played unquestionable role in building distrust between the peoples and led to the rise of numerous conspiracy theories. According to one rumour the Armenians were organizing themselves against the Muslims in order to separate from the Empire. Another rumour was that a group of Armenian rebels were about to attack Muslim villages around the city, which stirred up the fears of Muslims. There were also rumours circulating among the Muslim community that Armenians had dug up an underground tunnel in order to reach the weapons depot, which was to aid them in their quest for independence. One major rumour was that Armenians placed human faeces at the door of the Great Mosque. Indeed it was through such rumours that suspicions were piqued and people sought to acquire weapons as a means of protecting themselves. Thus when the killings began on April 14, 1909 in Adana, people attacked each other under the influence of the psychology built by such rumours. Therefore I am of the opinion that it is important to deal with rumour and its affinity to communal violence in history. In this paper an attempt will be made to analyse the role of rumours in the events that unfolded in Adana in April 1909.

The originality of the “estate topos” in the A.N. Tolstoy’s novel “Peter the First”

2020 ◽  
pp. 262-272
Author(s):  
Anna S. Akimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Childhood Memories ◽  
Research History ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Peasant Household ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Poor Peasant ◽  
The City

Moscow is the city which united the characters of A.N. Tolstoy’s novel “Peter the First”. Kitay-Gorod is the space where the action of the first book is mainly set. In the novel Tolstoy showed in great detail the everyday life of the city and its inhabi- tants. According to the I.E. Zabelin’s research (“History of the city of Moscow”) in late 17 — early 18 th centuries Moscow was like a big village that is why Tolstoy relied on his childhood memories about the life in the small village Sosnovka (Samara Region) describing the streets of Moscow. The novel begins with the description of a poor peasant household of Brovkin near Moscow, then Volkov’s noble estate is depicted and Menshikov’s house. The space of the city is expanding with each new “address”. Moscow estates, and in particular, connected with the figure of “guardian, lover of the Princess-ruler” V.V. Golitsyn, in Tolstoy’s novel are inextricably linked with the character’s living and with the life of the country. The description of the palace built by Golitsyn at the peak of his career is based on the Sergei Solovyov’s “History of Russia in ancient times”. Golitsyn left it and went to his estate outside Moscow Medvedkovo and from there in exile.

Public Disclosures of Private Realities

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-189
Author(s):  
Stephen Vider
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Documentary Photography ◽  
Political Space ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Diverse Communities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public Disclosures ◽  
The City ◽  
Hiv Aids

AIDS at Home: Art and Everyday Activism, presented at the Museum of the City of New York from May to October 2017, aimed to complement and complicate popular narratives about the history of HIV/AIDS by examining how HIV/AIDS played out in the everyday lives of diverse communities in New York. The exhibition placed works of art alongside documentary photography, film, and archival materials in unique ways to ask visitors to rethink what counts as activism and to reconsider home as a crucial political space. This paper reflects on the ways the curator sought to activate the domestic archive—the everyday ephemera and affects of illness, caretaking, and family life.

scholarly journals Mapping Heterotopia: Port B’s Excavation of Asia in Tokyo

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Sharon Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Personal Histories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Guided Tour ◽  
The City ◽  
Independence Movements

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The term mapping can literally mean the pinpointing of coordinates on a map, but also the more general task of taking stock of what can be seen and the frameworks that limit or expand that vision. For French philosopher Jacques Rancière, asking the question ‘Where are we?’ means two things at once: “how can we characterize the situation in which we live, think and act to-day?” but also, by the same token, “how does the perception of this situation oblige us to reconsider the framework we use to “see” things and map situations, to move within this framework or get away from it?” In other words, “how does it urge us to change our very way of determining the coordinates [not just of the map but] of the “here and now”?”</p><p>The Tokyo based collective Port B, led by Akira Takayama, has inventively used tour performances as a process of mapping, of transforming the frameworks that shape our understanding of everyday spaces in the city. Port B’s smartphone application Tokyo Heterotopia is a self-guided tour of 13 ‘locations of difference’ that emphasizes not only the spatial but also the historical dimension of mapping. Based on the premise of a fake Asian gourmet tour, it encourages users to reconsider in a tactile way the historical significance, presence and personal histories of Asian immigrants to Tokyo. Users navigate themselves to locations across Tokyo, including Asian restaurants, food stalls, supermarkets, and student dormitories. These nondescript sites are made visible not by markers or monuments but by the user’s presence which triggers dramatized stories of personal narratives of migration to Tokyo and their relationship to wider global forces of colonialism, capitalism and postwar independence movements. Tokyo Heterotopia rewrites the history of Asia in Tokyo “media artistically, that is, taking into account the materialities through which history is articulated, not relying on written narrative as the only way of producing historical, temporal knowledge.” Tokyo Heterotopia immerses the user not only in the heterogenous elements or ‘locations of difference’ of the city, but in a heterochronia where the overlooked past can be joined with the experience of the everyday in the present to incrementally re-map our understanding of the city.</p>

scholarly journals From the History of the Yekaterinburg Merchant Family of the Agafurovs: New Discoveries

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-260
Author(s):  
Aleksey N. Starostin
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Charity Work ◽  
The City

The Agafurovs were the well established Russian Tatar merchants. Before 1917 the Agafurov family had significantly contributed to the cultural development of the city of Yekaterinburg and its Muslim community. The family was actively involved in charity work, financially supported the city «House of worship», the Russian-Tatar public library as well as several schools. The biographies of the some Agafurov family members are rather well researched on the basis of the sources preserved in the Ural libraries. However, researchers still lack a knowledge about what did happen to them since they have left Russia after the 1917 Russian revolution. The article is an attempt to fill in this gap. It deals with what happened to the Agafurov family members during their emigration to China (Harbin) in 1920 – 1940es. The present research is based on the hitherto unknown documents from the former Russian Emigrants in the Manchurian Empire Bureau, which are currently preserved in the State Archive of Khabarovsk Region (Khabarovskii Krai).

scholarly journals The character of the city of Verny (Almaty) in pre-revolutionary journals of historical themes in Russia (1854-1917)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Sergeevich Tiurin
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Internal Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Themes ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The City

Faithful military fortification, founded in the middle of the XIX century in the south-eastern outskirts of the Russian Empire, was located far from the center of the state with a turbulent political and social life. At the same time in the middle of the XIX century, there is interest in the history of Russia, memoirs, internal politics and social sciences in general, that leading to the emergence of an unprecedented hitherto the number of periodicals historical themes. This article explores references to the city / Verny Fortification in the "Historical Gazette", "Notes of the Fatherland", "Russian Archive", "Niva", "Russian Gazette", "Russian Antiquity", "Russian Thought" and a number of other publications. Identified during the study, articles and notes on the city of Verny allow us to get an idea of what exactly the city remembers to travelers, what specific information about it was reflected in historical journals published between 1854 and 1917 in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Night Raiders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloise Moss
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Security Technologies ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
State And Market ◽  
Post War ◽  
The City

Night Raiders: Burglary and the Making of Modern Urban Life in London, 1860–1968 is the first history of burglary in modern Britain. Until 1968, burglary was defined in law as occurring only between the ‘night-time’ hours of nine p.m. and six a.m. in residential buildings. Time and space gave burglary a unique cloak of terror, since burglars’ victims were likely to be in the bedroom, asleep and unawares, when the intruder crept in, prowling near them in the darkness. Yet fear sometimes gave way to sexual fantasy. Eroticized visions of handsome young thieves sneaking around the boudoirs of beautiful, lonely heiresses emerged alongside tales of violence and loss in popular culture, confounding social commentators by casting the burglar as criminal hero. Night Raiders charts how burglary lay historically at the heart of national debates over the meanings of ‘home’, experiences of urban life, and social inequality. This book explores intimate stories of the devastation caused by burglars’ presence in the most private domains, showing how they are deeply embedded within broader histories of capitalism and liberal democracy. The fear and fascination towards burglary were mobilized by media, state, and market to sell insurance and security technologies, whilst also popularizing the crime in fiction, theatre, and film. Cat burglars’ rooftop adventures transformed ideas about the architecture and policing of the city, and post-war ‘spy-burglars’ theft of information illuminated Cold War skirmishes across the capital. More than any other crime, burglary shaped the everyday rhythms, purchases, and perceptions of modern urban life.

The PCC

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Biondi
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Prison Life ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

This chapter presents a short and fairly standard history of the First Command of Capital (Primeiro Comando da Capital - PCC) and the individuals and spaces that will follow in successive chapters. Some official characteristics of the penitentiary system in São Paulo, Brazil, are intertwined with the everyday operation of the prisons and its informal (although sometimes official) aspects. This chapter introduces the way inmates rules are taught and learned by the prisoners, in order to absorb everyday practices and come to understand the importance and the central characteristics of the PCC. Biondi focuses on how to practice equality and humility without confusing it with weakness, and how it is coherent with the ideals of the PCC. The knowledge produced in these practices constitutes trul theories of prison life, and the specialists in these theories are invited to join the PCC.

Is It Local … or Authentic and Exotic? Ethnic Food Carts and Gastropolitan Habitus on Portland’s Eastside

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan McClintock ◽  
Alex Novie ◽  
Matthew Gebhardt
Keyword(s):  
Local Food ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Ethnic Food ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The City

In this chapter, examine the location of ethnic food cart owners within Portland, Oregon’s food cart scene, and within the broader paradigms of local food and sustainability for which the city is known. Through an inventory of food carts, interviews with cart owners, and a case study of the Portland Mercado food cart pod, we explore how the everyday practices of ethnic food cart owners on Portland’s eastside reflect and differ from those of other food cart owners. Drawing on Bourdieu, we demonstrate how their practices in turn reshape the wider “gastropolitan” field of foodie tastes. We argue that cart owners unsettle the eco-centric values dominating Portand’s foodie culture by emphasizing authenticity and exoticism. The ability to capitalize on a particular set of gastropolitan values – local and organic or authentic and exotic – is geographically uneven, however; it depends on both the physical agglomeration of food carts espousing a particular set of gastropolitan values, and on their location within the foodscape, a position very much tied to economic processes of gentrification and displacement bifurcating the city.

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