Jakobus und Paulus über das Innere des Menschen und den Ursprung seiner ethischen Entscheidungen

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Wilhelm Niebuhr

Pauline Anthropology has long been seen as the key to the quest for the human being in New Testament theology. But there are other concepts in ancient Roman and early Jewish religious-philosophical thinking that deserve our attention in this regard. Exegetical analyses of James 1.2–18 and 3.13–18 point to a view of the human being that traces the ability to do what is good back to God's working within and his bestowal of wisdom. Surveys of ethical passages in theWisdom of Solomonand Epictetus indicate that the origin of ethical decisions can be understood in psychological as well as religious terms. In the light of such anthropological discourses the Pauline argument about the human being in Romans 5–8 can be seen from a new perspective.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Tri Astuti

The news of the New Testament can be summarized as; God wants us to be His children, in the image of His likeness. The problem is how can believer achieve the God's goal of becoming a new human being? In Ephesians 4: 23-32 Paul explains about how believer can have a true new human spirituality. The purpose of this research is to find out how believers can have true new human spirituality. The research method used is a qualitative biblical approach by using historical and grammatical analysis. The results found several important behaviors that need to be done by believers to experience the renewal of the quality of the spiritual mind, in order to grow into a new human being desired by God, that is, speaking according to the truth, controlling anger, working optimally and behaving affectionately. 


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 889-895
Author(s):  
Frăguța Zaharia

The present European context challenges us to approach the issues of Romanian dignity, humanity and humanism. The purpose of this essay is to emphasize the interpretative and explanatory dimensions of Constantin Micu Stavila’s philosophical thinking focused on the meaning of life and the human destiny, no less on the significance of the Christian personalism that the Romanian-French philosopher has cultivated it. Some questions arise: What is the role of philosophy and religion in understanding the meaning of life? How do we have to consider the human being and by especially the characteristics defining the Human within the Romanian culture? Trying to provide an honest, coherent and enlightening response, the paper is organized into two parts: 1. The mission of Romanian philosophy – attempting to demonstrate that the Romanian culture is integrating itself in the world-wide one seeing that there is an intimate complementarity of philosophy and religion; and 2. Romanian cultural messianism – developing an interpretation of the Romanian folklore according to the topic of the paper.


2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-133
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Nikiforov ◽  

The paper discusses several problems of metaphilosophy that were explored in the philosophical literature in Russia. Metaphilosophy tries to understand what is philosophy, what problems philosophers are dealing with, which methods they employ in their investigations, the nature of philosophical statements and so on. Philosophers in Russia tended to think of philosophy as a special type of worldview that exists together with the ordinary worldview and religious worldview. The author defines worldview as a collection of basic beliefs about the surrounding world, society, human being, the relations existing between individuals and society, about values and ideals. It is underscored that a worldview is always somebody’s worldview (it belongs either to an individual or a social group). The worldview problems explored by philosophers remain the same throughout thousands of years; what changes is how they are stated in different times. Every human being faces these problems if she has realized herself as an autonomous being and the reality splits for her into the I and the non-I. All philosophical problems revolve around three basic questions: what is the non-I (i.e. nature and society)? - this is the ontological question; what is I? (the anthropological question); what relations exist between the I and the non-I (the epistemological, axiological, ethical and other questions). The author also explores several stages of a philosophical investigation: an internal dissatisfaction with existing solutions, a search for a new perspective (meaning, idea, interpretation), development of the found solution. The author points at a number of characteristics that make philosophy different from science: philosophical statements and conceptions cannot be verified or refuted by experience, they are not universal. It is argued that the notion of truth in its classical interpretation cannot be applied to philosophical statements because the latter cannot be true or false. The author concludes that philosophical statements or conceptions express the subjective opinion of a given philosopher about the world and the human being. An obvious evidence for this is the existing pluralism of philosophical systems, schools, and trends.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Bates

Evidence is marshalled for a recent ‘external-relational shift’ in scholarly understandings of pistis (traditionally translated ‘faith’) among New Testament scholars and historians of early Christianity and its social world. There is a movement away from predominantly personal existential accounts of pistis toward those that are relational and outwardly manifest. ‘Faith’ ( pistis) is predominantly a way of life characterized by fidelity or loyalty which is outwardly expressed in relationships. Beyond the New Perspective on Paul, which is an obvious factor, four streams are feeding this shift: (1) the pistis Christou debate, (2) increased appreciation of ancient social and cultural norms, (3) advances in linguistics, and (4) an emphasis on the gospel as a royal proclamation. To show why the external-relational shift matters theologically, Paul’s use of pistis in Romans 1 is explored along external-relational lines.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Liliya Tishko ◽  
Diana Shchepova

The article examines the features and significance of philosophical thinking, understanding its content. The focusing on the fact that the love of wisdom without thinking would not be possible.The purpose: to understand the philosophical aspect of thinking.The relevance of the article is that on the basis of interpretation of the concept of "thinking" by representatives of various philosophical systems, understand the general essence and significance of philosophical thinking.The results. To date, it became very difficult to understand the essence of the thinking of ancient philosophers, even reading hundreds of their treatises. The reason for this is primarily translation of the original sources. It is necessary to understand that translators, in the first place, are guided by the recruitment of a successful vocabulary and connectivity of the language, neglecting the fact that the language of any thinker – this is its own thinking, the true depth and essence of which is lost in any translation of the original.In general, the problem of thinking has always been the center of attention of many philosophers. In particular, the essence and meaning of thinking studied Parmenide, Socrates, Aristotle, R. Descartes, I. Kant, G. Hegel and many other representatives of the philosophical thought of various epochs. Аll academic philosophers of the Western world converge on the fact that thinking is the most important sign of human being. By neglecting thinking, we will ignore the most important feature of man. After all, only a man who thinks can fully create his life. The same, for whom thinking is not characteristic – just exist, like the world of animals or plants. Therefore, the ability to evaluate reality, and not only to perceive it, appears a huge advantage of human intelligence, a guarantee of human desire to develop, to self-improvement.Conclusions. It is established that translating views of thinkers or interpretation of passages from their treatises is far from philosophical thinking. Philosophical thinking, to a greater extent, is thinking about thinking than thinking about some reality. This is due to the fact that philosophy tries to comprehend the partial phenomena, but a situation of human being in the world, taking into account the ability of a person to think and aware. It has been found that the main goal of thinking is to achieve the obvious and clear by formulating certain definitions (concepts) that make up the boundary of thinking and not allowed to move in a circle. Thus, philosophical thinking arises internally associated, logically consistent, and hence-argued and justified at the same time.


Author(s):  
David Lincicum

Martin Luther is intimately interwoven with the history of New Testament scholarship. Histories of modern biblical interpretation often begin their treatment with Luther and other Reformation currents, suggesting a direct genealogical relationship between the Reformer and modern criticism. Indeed, Luther’s frank criticism of the theological utility of certain books in the New Testament—James, Hebrews, Revelation—were to prove a warrant for the later development of historical critical approaches to Scripture that would also entail judgements about the authenticity of biblical texts. Later scholars increasingly came to use historical, philological criteria rather than material, theological criteria to reach these judgements, but they relied on the possibility Luther established of criticizing sacred scripture while remaining within the institutional church, even if certain tensions with ecclesiastical authorities were inevitable. In the 20th century, the decisive influence of Luther can be found on a series of influential New Testament scholars and their interpretative efforts. To consider only an exemplary few—Rudolf Bultmann, Gerhard Ebeling, Ernst Käsemann, and Martin Hengel—one can begin to grasp the enormity of the Reformer’s imprint on modern New Testament scholarship, due in part to the outsize influence of the German Lutheran theological academy on the development of the discipline. In recent decades, Luther has been invoked above all in the lively debates surrounding the so-called “New Perspective on Paul,” and the question of whether Luther fundamentally misconstrued the Pauline message by unconsciously conforming it to his own experience of and reaction against late medieval Catholicism. While Luther has often been asked to shoulder the blame for a host of exegetical problems in this regard, more sophisticated recent approaches have allowed him to be an interpreter in his own right, with justified contemporary concerns that motivate his actualizing exegesis of Paul. In the end, with the turn toward reception history and the reinvigorated retrieval of the theological tradition in contemporary biblical scholarship, more of Luther within New Testament study is likely to be seen in the years ahead.


2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (06) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Aybəniz Şahin qızı Paşayeva ◽  

The article extensively comments on Vahabzadeh's idea of Azerbaijanism during the Soviet era, his desire to see Azerbaijan as one. The Karabakh fire and the January 20 tragedy came to the fore. By emphasizing all this, the content, ethical, moral and artistic philosophical essence of the subject is clarified. The article notes the unity of Azerbaijan, the protests against the Russian Empire and the Soviet regime, which divided our country in two. It also expressed confidence that future generations would be free. The article approaches the topic of history in Vahabzadeh's work from a new perspective. The young generation got acquainted with the historical events related to our past in the poet's work. The article comprehensively analyzes the tragic events that befell our people and homeland. Key words: idea-philosophical direction, B.Vahabzade's creativity, artistic and philosophical thinking


2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lekgantshi C. Tleane

The entrance of New Perspectives on Paul as a reinterpretation of what the Apostle Paul wrote evoked varied responses, especially within the evangelical circles of the Reformed community. Interestingly, one of the foremost thinkers within the New Perspectives on Paul school is the retired Anglican Bishop and New Testament scholar Nicholas Thomas Wright. Wright’s scholarship is interesting to study, given his prominence within evangelical circles in general and his respectable standing within the Anglican Communion in particular. Yet there does not appear to be any coherent response or position from the Anglican Communion in relation to the New Perspectives on Paul, let alone Wright’s views. The key question posed in this article is whether Wright’s writings might influence Anglican doctrine. The Communion’s soteriological doctrine as contained in Articles XI, XII and XIII of the Thirty-nine Articles of Religion may be understood to affirm the ‘old perspective on Paul’ and its ‘justification by faith only, and not by good works’ approach. Finally, the article examines the complexities that Wright’s influence might have, in the form of a possible shift in doctrinal posture, and the implications for church structures that such a shift might necessitate.


2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Hahn

The amount of biblical scholarship on covenant over the past decade is not great; however, significant work on the definition and taxonomy of covenant has helped to overcome certain reductionistic tendencies of older scholarship, which has contributed, in turn, to a better grasp of the canonical function of the term in the Old and New Testaments. In Old Testament scholarship, the idea that covenant simply means ‘obligation’ and is essentially one-sided (Kutsch, Perlitt) has been largely abandoned in favor of the view that covenants establish kinship bonds (relations and obligations) between covenanting parties (Cross, Hugenberger). There is also broad recognition that the richness of the concept cannot be exhausted merely by analyses of occurrences of berith or certain related phrases. In New Testament scholarship, some small strides have been made in assessing the significance of covenant in the Gospels; whereas discussion of covenant in Paul has been dominated by the ‘New Perspective’ debate over ‘covenantal nomism’. Finally, some light has been shed on the meaning and significance of diatheke in two highly controverted texts (Gal. 3.15-16; Heb. 9.16-17).


2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Paul K. Moser

The epistemology of monotheism offered by philosophers has given inadequate attention to the kind of foundational evidence to be expected of a personal God whose moral character is agapeic, or perfectly loving, toward all other agents. This article counters this deficiency with the basis of a theistic epistemology that accommodates the distinctive moral character of a God worthy of worship. It captures the widely neglected agonic, or struggle-oriented, character of a God who seeks, by way of personal witness and intentional action, to realize and manifest agape among humans who suffer from selfishness. In doing so, the article identifies the overlooked role of personifying evidence of God in human moral character formation. In agreement with some prominent New Testament themes, the new perspective offered ties the epistemology of monotheism to robust agapeic morality in a way that makes such epistemology ethically challenging for inquirers about God’s existence. Accordingly, such theistic epistemology will no longer be a candidate for ethically neutral, spectator reflection.


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