scholarly journals Gender differences in the n-3 fatty acid content of tissues

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline E. Childs ◽  
Meritxell Romeu-Nadal ◽  
Graham C. Burdge ◽  
Philip C. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Epa And Dha

Dietary n-3 PUFA have many beneficial effects on cell and tissue function and on human health. In mammals the n-3 essential fatty acid α-linolenic acid (ALNA) can be converted into longer-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA such as EPA and DHA via a series of desaturase and elongase enzymes that are mainly active in the liver. Human studies have identified that males and females appear to differ in their ability to synthesise EPA and DHA from ALNA, with associated differences in circulating concentrations. Based on studies of women using the contraceptive pill or hormone-replacement therapy and of trans-sexual subjects it is suggested that sex hormones play a role in these differences. The rat has been used to investigate gender differences in n-3 PUFA status since this model allows greater dietary control than is possible in human subjects. Like human subjects, female rats have higher plasma DHA concentrations than males. Rats also respond to increased dietary ALNA in a way that is comparable with available human data. The concentrations of LC n-3 PUFA in rat plasma and tissues are positively associated with circulating concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone and negatively associated with circulating concentrations of testosterone. These findings suggest that sex hormones act to modify plasma and tissue n-3 PUFA content, possibly by altering the expression of desaturase and elongase enzymes in the liver, which is currently under investigation.

Role of sex hormones in development of chronic mountain sickness in rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Ou ◽  
G. L. Sardella ◽  
J. C. Leiter ◽  
T. Brinck-Johnsen ◽  
R. P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Chronic Mountain Sickness ◽  
Mountain Sickness

After chronic exposure to hypoxia, Hilltop Sprague-Dawley rats developed excessive polycythemia and severe pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, signs consistent with human chronic mountain sickness; however, there were gender differences in the magnitude of the polycythemia and susceptibility to the fatal consequence of chronic mountain sickness. Orchiectomy and ovariectomy were performed to evaluate the role of sex hormones in the gender differences in these hypoxic responses. After 40 days of exposure to simulated high altitude (5,500 m; barometric pressure of 370 Torr and inspired Po2 of 73 Torr), both sham-gonadectomized male and female rats developed polycythemia and had increased RV peak systolic pressure and RV hypertrophy. The hematocrit was slightly but significantly higher in males than in females. Orchiectomy did not affect these hypoxic responses, although total ventricular weight was less in the castrated high-altitude rats. At high altitude, the mortality rates were 67% in the sham-operated male rats and 50% in the castrated animals. In contrast, ovariectomy aggravated the high-altitude-associated polycythemia and increased RV peak systolic pressure and RV weight compared with the sham-operated high-altitude female rats. Both sham-operated control and ovariectomized females suffered negligible mortality at high altitude. The present study demonstrated that 1) the male sex hormones play no role in the development of the excessive polycythemia, pulmonary hypertension, and RV hypertrophy during chronic hypoxic exposure or in the associated high mortality and 2) the female sex hormones suppressed both the polycythemic and cardiopulmonary responses in vivo during chronic hypoxic exposure.

The effect of feeding high levels of fish oil and additional vitamin E on intake, milk yield, composition and fatty acid content in high yielding dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 221-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Mansbridge ◽  
J S Blake ◽  
C Collins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Oily Fish ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The COMA report on The Nutritional Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease (1994) recommended that the intake of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), by the UK population should double. EPA and DHA in the human diet are derived principally from oily fish. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of increasing levels of fish oil in the diet at two levels of vitamin E supplementation, on intake, milk production, the extent of uptake of EPA and DHA into milk fat at levels exceeding those investigated to date, and the effect of a dietary supplement of vitamin E on fatty acid content.

Effect of Lipemia and Heparin on Free Fatty Acid Content of Rat Plasma.

1954 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Grossman ◽  
L. Palm ◽  
G. H. Becker ◽  
H. C. Moeller
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Rat Plasma

Progesterone and estrogen influence postexercise leukocyte infiltration in overiectomized female rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobia Iqbal ◽  
Amy Thomas ◽  
Kareem Bunyan ◽  
Peter M. Tiidus
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Leukocyte Infiltration ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
Muscle Types

Limited research has been conducted on the effects of progesterone alone, or in combination with estrogen, on leukocyte infiltration in skeletal muscle following exercise. To investigate the effects of these female sex hormones, ovariectomized female rats were divided into 4 exercise and 4 control groups: sham, estrogen, progesterone, and a combination of estrogen plus progesterone. Following 8 days of hormone replacement and 24 h postexercise, soleus (red) and superficial (white) vastus muscles were removed and immunostained for His48 (neutrophil)- and ED1 (macrophage)-positive cells. The postexercise increase in leukocyte infiltration was completely (p < 0.05) attenuated with estrogen supplementation alone in both muscle types, relative to sham. Progesterone treatment alone also resulted in a smaller (20%–30%) but significant (p < 0.05) attenuation of postexercise muscle leukocyte infiltration. The combination of estrogen and progesterone treatment did not significantly alter the attenuation seen with estrogen supplementation alone. Hence, progesterone can independently attenuate postexercise muscle leukocyte infiltration, albeit to a lesser degree than estrogen, and it will not negate or accentuate the effect of estrogen.

Estradiol-induced expression of Na+-K+-ATPase catalytic isoforms in rat arteries: gender differences in activity mediated by nitric oxide donors

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (5) ◽  
pp. H1793-H1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Palacios ◽  
Elisa T. Marusic ◽  
Nandy C. Lopez ◽  
Magdalena Gonzalez ◽  
Luis Michea
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Enhancing Production

We tested the hypothesis that previously demonstrated gender differences in ACh-induced vascular relaxation could involve diverse Na+-K+-ATPase functions. We determined Na+-K+-ATPase by measuring arterial ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake in response to ACh. We found a significant increase of Na+ pump activity only in aortic rings from female rats (control 206 ± 11 vs. 367 ± 29 nmol 86Rb/K·min–1·g wt tissue–1; P < 0.01). Ovariectomy eliminated sex differences in Na+-K+-ATPase function, and chronic in vivo hormone replacement with 17β-estradiol restored the ACh effect on Na+-K+-ATPase. Because ACh acts by enhancing production of NO, we examined whether the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) mimics the action of ACh on Na+-K+-ATPase activity. SNP increased ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake in denuded female arteries (control 123 ± 7 vs. 197 ± 12 nmol 86Rb/K·min–1·g wt tissue–1; P < 0.05). Methylene blue (an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase) and KT-5823 (a cGMP-dependent kinase inhibitor) blocked the stimulatory action of SNP. Exposure of female thoracic aorta to the Na+/K+ pump inhibitor ouabain significantly decreased SNP-induced and ACh-mediated relaxation of aortic rings. At the molecular level, Western blot analysis of arterial tissue revealed significant gender differences in the relative abundance of catalytic isoforms of Na+-K+-ATPase. Female-derived aortas exhibited a greater proportion of α2-isoform (44%) compared with male-derived aortas. Furthermore, estradiol upregulated the expression of α2 mRNA in male arterial explants. Our results demonstrate that enhancement of ACh-induced relaxation observed in female rats may be in part explained by 1) NO-dependent increased Na+-K+-ATPase activity in female vascular tissue and 2) greater abundance of Na+-K+-ATPase α2-isoform in females.

scholarly journals THE INVESTIGATION OF PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF VAGINAL GEL WITH RESVERATROL AND HYALURONIC ACID IN CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL HYPOESTROGENIC STATE IN RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
O.A. Stryha ◽  
G.V. Zaychenko ◽  
S.I. Savosko ◽  
K.Y. Sorokopud
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Vaginal Gel ◽  
Vaginal Secretions

Relevance. The menopausal period due to irreversible loss of ovarian function is accompanied by various clinical symptoms and systemic changes. In turn, hormone replacement therapy has a number of contraindications and side effects, so now there is a need to find and create prophylactic and therapeutic agents based on natural compounds that are related to β-estrogen receptors. Vaginal gel with resveratrol and hyaluronic acid can reduce atrophic manifestations of the vaginal mucosa and affect various symptoms of menopause. However, the nature of the effect, dosage, and consequences of long-term use of resveratrol need further study. Objective: to study pharmacological properties of a new vaginal gel with resveratrol and hyaluronic acid (HA) in a model of hypoestrogenism in ovariectomized rats. Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 24 outbred white nonlinear female rats, which were divided into 4 groups: intact control, controlled pathology, controlled pathology, and administration of resveratrol with hyaluronic acid, controlled pathology, and administration of a comparison drug with synthetic estrogen. The effectiveness of the drugs was assessed by their effect on the blood levels of the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone, on body weight, on body temperature, on the pH of vaginal secretions, on the state of the vaginal mucosa. Results. 28-day vaginal injection of gel with resveratrol and hyaluronic acid slowed down and normalized weight gain of ovariectomized female rats, stabilized skin temperature and induced normalization of the pH of vaginal secretions of the vagina, normalized the level of sex hormones in the blood, promoted the restoration of the epithelial plate of the vagina. Conclusions. The results showed the feasibility of developing and using a new vaginal gel with resveratrol as an alternative to hormone-containing drugs for the prevention or treatment of pathological hypoestrogenic conditions arising from estrogen deficiency.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Profile of Postmenopausal Women Receiving, and Not Receiving, Hormone Replacement Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4273
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Cybulska ◽  
Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka ◽  
Arleta Drozd ◽  
Kamila Rachubińska ◽  
Jolanta Pawlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Cross Sectional

Menopause, the permanent cessation of the menstrual cycle, marks the end of a woman’s reproductive lifespan. Menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) can potentially skew the fatty acid profile increasing the risk for developing metabolic diseases and disorders of skeletal, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the fatty acid profile of postmenopausal women receiving, and not receiving, hormone replacement therapy. A total of 156 healthy women with a mean age of 60 participated in this cross-sectional study. Gas chromatography with an Agilent Technologies 7890A GC system was used to determine fatty acid content. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software, version 3.4.1. Women receiving MHT had significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of C14:0 and C16:0. MHT was found to be associated with a tendency (p = 0.053) to diminish concentrations of C18:1n-9, C20:4, and all unsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.05). The longer MHT was used, the higher the concentration of C24:1 (p = 0.04) and the lower the concentration of C18:2n-6 (p = 0.03).

Effects of dietary cod liver oil on fatty-acid composition and calcium transport in isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes and on the response of isolated hearts to ischemia and reperfusion

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Karmazyn ◽  
Magda Horackova ◽  
Mary G. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Acute Ischemia ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Isolated Hearts ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Three-week-old male and female rats were placed either on standard rat chow or chow supplemented with 10% cod liver oil for 12 weeks. Animals fed cod liver oil demonstrated reduced body weights. Cod liver oil feeding produced a significant reduction in the ratio of (n−6)/(n−3) fatty acids in phospholipids of the isolated myocytes. The primary changes included a significant decrease in archidonic acid (20:4, n−6) and elevations in eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n−3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n−3). Furthermore, isolated myocytes from cod liver oil fed rats exhibited an enhanced 45Ca2+ uptake, although 45Ca2+ release was unaffected. Dietary cod liver oil had little effect on cardiac response to ischemia and reperfusion. Thus, neither developed force or resting tension was significantly affected by diet, although the latter tended to be elevated in hearts from cod liver oil fed animals. Release of creatine kinase was unaltered by diet. The release of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1α from isolated hearts was significantly reduced by dietary cod liver oil, likely due to the reduced levels of arachidonic acid. Our study indicates that dietary cod liver oil and subsequent changes in phospholipid fatty-acid content are accompanied by changes in Ca2+ transport in isolated cardiac myocytes. However, this diet produces little effect on the cardiac response to acute ischemia and reperfusion.

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