scholarly journals Systematic review of the evidence for sustained efficacy of dietary interventions for reducing appetite or energy intake

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason C. G. Halford ◽  
Una Masic ◽  
Cyril F. M. Marsaux ◽  
Andrew J. Jones ◽  
Anne Lluch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Acute Results

AbstractIntroduction:In the broad literature on the effects of ingredients, foods and diets on appetite and energy intake (EI), most trials involve a single acute intervention. It is unclear whether these acute results are generally sustained over longer periods. Researchers and regulators therefore lack an objective basis to judge the appropriate duration of efficacy trials in appetite control, to have confidence that acute effects are likely to be maintained. This gap creates uncertainty in requirements and study designs for the substantiation of satiety-enhancing approaches to help in controlling eating behaviour.Materials and Methods:A systematic search of literature (Prospero registration number CRD42015023686) identified studies testing both the acute and chronic effects of food-based interventions aimed at reducing appetite or EI. From 9680 unique records identified from titles and abstracts, 178 papers were selected for full screening. Twenty-six trials met the inclusion criteria and provided data sufficient for use in this analysis, and were also scored for risk of bias (RoB) indicators.Results:Most of these trials (21/26) measured appetite outcomes and over half (14/26) had objective measures of EI. A significant acute effect of the intervention was retained in 10 of 12 trials for appetite outcomes, and six of nine studies for EI. Initial effects were most likely retained where these were more robust and studies adequately powered. Where the initial, acute effect was not statistically significant, a significant effect was later observed in only two of nine studies for appetite and none of five studies for EI. The main sources of RoB were lack of a priori power calculations and failure to report analyses based on intention-to-treat. Furthermore, 12/26 studies were not adequately powered to detect a meaningful reduction in appetite (~10%).Discussion:Maintenance of acute intervention effects on appetite or EI need to be confirmed, but seems likely where the initially observed effects are robust and replicable in adequately powered studies.

scholarly journals Satiety-enhancing products for appetite control: science and regulation of functional foods for weight management

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason C. G. Halford ◽  
Joanne A. Harrold
Keyword(s):  
Weight Management ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Appetite Control

The current review considers satiety-based approaches to weight management in the context of health claims. Health benefits, defined as beneficial physiological effects, are what the European Food Safety Authority bases their recommendations on for claim approval. The literature demonstrates that foods that target within-meal satiation and post-meal satiety provide a plausible approach to weight management. However, few ingredient types tested produce the sustainable and enduring effects on appetite accompanied by the necessary reductions in energy intake required to claim satiety/reduction in hunger as a health benefit. Proteins, fibre types, novel oils and carbohydrates resistant to digestion all have the potential to produce beneficial short-term changes in appetite (proof-of-concept). The challenge remains to demonstrate their enduring effects on appetite and energy intake, as well as the health and consumer benefits such effects provide in terms of optimising successful weight management. Currently, the benefits of satiety-enhancing ingredients to both consumers and their health are under researched. It is possible that such ingredients help consumers gain control over their eating behaviour and may also help reduce the negative psychological impact of dieting and the physiological consequences of energy restriction that ultimately undermine weight management. In conclusion, industry needs to demonstrate that a satiety-based approach to weight management, based on single-manipulated food items, is sufficient to help consumers resist the situational and personal factors that drive overconsumption. Nonetheless, we possess the methodological tools, which when employed in appropriate designs, are sufficient to support health claims.

scholarly journals Effect on appetite control of minor cereal and pseudocereal products

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 850-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Berti ◽  
Patrizia Riso ◽  
Antonella Brusamolino ◽  
Marisa Porrini
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Alternative Crops ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Potential Impact

Recent findings suggest that Western diets based on highly palatable foods are likely to be much less satiating than more traditional diets or those typical of less developed countries. In particular, some alternative crops (for example, buckwheat, oat, barley, spelt, rye, quinoa, amaranth) seem to be of great nutritional interest and to represent important recipes for healthier and typical regional foods. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect on subsequent food intake and feelings of satiety of alternative oat bread, oat and buckwheat pasta and of quinoa as compared with their wheat counterparts and rice, respectively. Three different experiments (one specific for each alternative crop food) were conducted, all with a within-subjects design. The preloading paradigm strategy was used. Results showed that preload energy level influenced total energy intake (preload plus ad libitum test meal intake), larger preloads inducing more eating than smaller preloads. No effect of formulation was observed on energy intake, as the consumption of alternative crop formulations did not decrease the total energy intake as compared with that of the counterparts. Satiating efficiency indices (SEI) for alternative crop foods were higher with respect to traditional cereal foods. In particular, white bread was the least satisfying food (SEI =0·2) and the different time of consumption (for lunch or as a snack) did not affect energy intake. In conclusion, oat or buckwheat formulations, and also quinoa, may be exploited for their potential impact on eating behaviour, particularly considering they are good sources of functional substances.

scholarly journals Eight-day consumption of inulin added to a yogurt breakfast lowers postprandial appetite ratings but not energy intakes in young healthy females: a randomised controlled trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Heap ◽  
Jessica Ingram ◽  
Marron Law ◽  
Amy J. Tucker ◽  
Amanda J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Repeated Consumption ◽  
Healthy Females

AbstractIncreasing feelings of satiety may reduce appetite and energy intake. The role of inulin consumption in impacting satiety is unclear. A randomised double-blind controlled crossover trial aimed to determine the effects of inulin+yogurt on satiety after 1 and 8-d consumption. The preload breakfast included 100 g vanilla yogurt with (yogurt-inulin (YI)) and without (yogurt-control (YC)) 6 g inulin. A total of nineteen healthy females (22·8 (sd 2·7) years) with non-restrained eating behaviour and taking hormonal contraceptives participated in the study. Day 1 and 8 visual analogue scale (VAS) ratings of Hunger, Fullness, Desire to Eat and Prospective Food Consumption (PFC) were collected at fasting and every 30 min for 180 min. Energy intake was calculated from a weighed ad libitum lunch and remainder of day food records. Total AUC was calculated for each VAS. Day 1 (VAS only) and 8 (VAS and energy intakes) data were compared between YI and YC using ANCOVA, and ANOVA was used to compare energy intakes on Day 1. There were no significant differences between Day 1 YI and YC AUC appetite ratings or energy intakes. However, 8-d consumption of YI v. YC was associated with lower Desire to Eat and PFC ratings but similar lunch and total day energy intakes. Therefore, the addition of 6 g inulin to a commercially available yogurt affected feelings of appetite, but not energy intake, after repeated consumption. These results suggest that inulin may be a suitable ingredient to increase dietary fibre consumption, with potential to impact appetite.

scholarly journals Results from a dietary survey in an Indian T2DM population: a STARCH study

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e005138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank R Joshi ◽  
Anil Bhansali ◽  
Sarita Bajaj ◽  
Subodh S Banzal ◽  
Mala Dharmalingam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diet Plan ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
The Mean

ObjectiveTo assess the dietary total and complex carbohydrate (CHO) contents in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participants in India.SettingWe enrolled 796 participants in this cross-sectional, single-visit, multicentre, two-arm, single-country survey. Participants were enrolled from 10 specialty endocrinology/dialectology centres from five regions of India.ParticipantsA total of 796 participants (Asian) were enrolled in this study (385, T2DM and 409, non-T2DM). Key inclusion criteria—male or female ≥18 years, diagnosed with T2DM ≥12 months (T2DM), and not on any diet plan (non-T2DM).Study outcomePrimary outcome was to find out the percentage of total energy intake as simple and complex CHO from total CHO. Secondary outcomes were to find the differences in percentage of total energy intake as simple CHO, complex CHO, proteins and fats between T2DM and non-T2DM groups. The percentage of T2DM participants adhering to diet plan and showing glycaemic controls were also examined.ResultsThe mean (SD) of total calorie intake per day (Kcal) was 1547 (610, 95% CI 1486 to 1608) and 2132 (1892, 95% CI 1948 to 2316), respectively, for T2DM and non-T2DM groups. In the T2DM group (n=385), the mean (SD) percentage of total energy intake as total CHO, complex CHO and simple CHO was 64.1±8.3 (95% CI 63.3 to 64.9), 57.0±11.0 (95% CI 55.9 to 58.1) and 7.1±10.8 (95% CI 6.0 to 8.2), respectively. The mean (SD) percentage of complex CHO intake from total CHO was 89.5±15.3 (95% CI 88.0 to 91.1). The mean (SD) total protein/fat intake per day (g) was 57.1 (74.0)/37.2 (18.6) and 57.9 (27.2)/55.3 (98.2) in T2DM and non-T2DM groups, respectively.ConclusionsOur study shows that CHO constitutes 64.1% of total energy from diet in T2DM participants, higher than that recommended in India. However, our findings need to be confirmed in a larger epidemiological survey.Trial registration numberNCT01450592 & Clinical Trial Registry of India: CTRI/2012/02/002398.

scholarly journals Performance of growing dairy bulls offered diets based on silages made of whole-crop barley, whole-crop wheat, hairy vetch and grass

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. HUUSKONEN ◽  
E. JOKI-TOKOLA
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Dairy Bulls

The present experiment was conducted to study diet digestibility, feed intake, animal performance and carcass characteristics of growing dairy bulls offered diets based on (1) whole-crop barley, (2) a mixture of whole-crop barley and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) or (3) a mixture of whole-crop wheat and hairy vetch relative to moderate digestible grass silage-based diet. The feeding experiment with 24 Finnish Ayrshire and 8 Holstein-Friesian bulls included 4 forage feeding treatments: (1) grass silage (G), (2) whole-crop barley and hairy vetch mixture silage (BHV), (3) whole-crop wheat and hairy vetch mixture silage (WHV) and (4) whole-crop barley silage (B). In all treatments animals were offered silage ad libitum. The amount of concentrate supplementation was 36 g (W0.75)-1 animal-1 day-1 for all treatments. The concentrate ration included rolled barley and rapeseed meal. Differences between the treatments were compared using an a priori test (Dunnett’s test) so that comparison of the diets was based on the G diet. The animals were fed the experimental diets from day 240 to finish at day 505 of age. During the experiment the average concentrate proportions of G, BHV, WHV and B diets were 437, 424, 426 and 423 g dry matter (DM) (kg DM)-1, respectively. There were no significant differences in silage DM intake or in the total DM intake (DMI) (kg DM d-1) between treatments. However, DMI kg-1 W0.75 tended to be 3.5% higher (p = 0.09) in the B diet than in the G diet. Due to increasing energy intake, the gain of the bulls was higher with the G diet than with the WHV diet (p < 0.05). BHV and B diets did not differ from the G diet in gain. Treatments had no significant effect on the dressing proportion or carcass conformation. The carcass fat score of WHV bulls was 29% lower (p < 0.05) than that of the G bulls, but BHV and B diets did not differ from the G diet in carcass fatness. The feed conversion rate (DM intake kg-1 carcass gain) of the bulls was better (p < 0.001) and protein conversion (g AAT kg-1 carcass gain) tended to be better (p = 0.07) with the G diet than with the WHV diet. BHV and B diets did not differ from the G diet in any feed conversion parameters. It can be concluded that replacing moderate digestible grass silage with whole-crop wheat and hairy vetch mixture silage decreased the carcass gain of growing dairy bulls due to lower energy intake and poorer feed conversion. Instead, replacing moderate digestible grass silage with whole-crop barley or with whole-crop barley and hairy vetch mixture silage resulted in no differences in the performance or carcass characteristics parameters of growing dairy bulls.;

scholarly journals Involving clinical experts in prioritising topics for health technology assessment: a randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e016104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Cook ◽  
Elke Streit ◽  
Gill Davage
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Review Form ◽  
Response Modes ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Scoring Tool ◽  
Cohen's D

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to explore whether reducing the material supplied to external experts during peer review and decreasing the burden of response would maintain review quality into prioritising research questions for a major research funder.Methods and analysisClinical experts who agreed to review documents outlining research for potential commissioning were screened for eligibility and randomised in a factorial design to two types of review materials (long document versus short document) and response modes (structured review form versus free text email response). Previous and current members of the funder’s programme groups were excluded. Response quality was assessed by use of a four-point scoring tool and analysed by intention to treat.Results554 consecutive experts were screened for eligibility and 460 were randomised (232 and 228 to long document or short document, respectively; 230 each to structured response or free text). 356 participants provided reviews, 90 did not respond and 14 were excluded after randomisation as not eligible.The pooled mean quality score was 2.4 (SD=0.95). The short document scored 0.037 (Cohen’s d=0.039) extra quality points over the long document arm, and the structured response scored 0.335 (Cohen’s d=0.353) over free text. The allocation did not appear to have any effect on the experts' willingness to engage with the task.ConclusionsNeither providing a short or a long document outlining suggested research was shown to be superior. However, providing a structured form to guide the expert response provided more useful information than allowing free text. The funder should continue to use a structured form to gather responses. It would be acceptable to provide shorter documents to reviewers, if there were reasons to do so.Trial registration numberANZCTR12614000167662.

scholarly journals Systematic review of the evidence for sustained efficacy of dietary interventions for reducing appetite or energy intake

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1329-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. G. Halford ◽  
U. Masic ◽  
C. F. M. Marsaux ◽  
A. J. Jones ◽  
A. Lluch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Sustained Efficacy

Using feeding to reduce pain during vaccination of formula-fed infants: a randomised controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1132-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netty G P Bos-Veneman ◽  
Marrit Otter ◽  
Sijmen A Reijneveld
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
The Face ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness and potential side effects of formula feeding to reduce pain during vaccination among infants.Study designIn the setting of well-baby clinics we recruited a community-based sample of full-term born infants who were already formula fed by the choice of the parents (n=48, aged 4–10 weeks) and received their first DTaP-IPV-HepB-Hib and pneumococcal vaccinations and randomised them into two groups. To evaluate pain experienced during vaccination we compared infants who drank formula feeding before, during and after vaccination with infants who did not. Outcomes were observed cry duration and pain scores measured by means of the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) and the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) scale. Side effects of drinking during vaccination were recorded. We performed intention-to-treat analyses using regression models, crude and adjusted for sex and age of the infant.ResultsPain at the moment of the second injection did not differ between groups. Drinking infants cried 33.5 s shorter (−56.6; −10.3). In the first minute after injection drinking infants experienced a faster pain reduction on the NIPSΔt: regression coefficient 3.86 (95% CI 2.70 to 5.02) and FLACCΔt: 4.42 (95% CI 2.85 to 5.99).ConclusionsIn line with findings of previous studies regarding breast feeding, formula feeding reduced vaccination pain in the recovery phase in full-term born infants receiving their first vaccinations between ages 4 and 10 weeks with no adverse effects. Professionals should discuss this non-costly and feasible pain-reducing intervention with parents of infants who receive vaccinations.Trial registration numberIRCTN 31383, post-results

scholarly journals Individualising care in severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a series of N-of-1 trials comparing transpyloric and gastric feeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik A Jensen ◽  
Huayan Zhang ◽  
Rui Feng ◽  
Kevin Dysart ◽  
Kathleen Nilan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Postmenstrual Age ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽  
Fraction Of Inspired Oxygen ◽  
Gastric Feeding

ObjectiveCompare rates of hypoxaemia during transpyloric and gastric feedings in very preterm infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.DesignN-of-1 multiple crossover trials with individual patient and pooled data analyses.SettingLevel IV intensive care nursery.PatientsInfants receiving positive airway pressure between 36 and 55 weeks postmenstrual age were enrolled between December 2014–July 2016.InterventionN-of-1 trial consisting of two blocks, each with a 4-day gastric and 4-day transpyloric feeding period assigned in random order.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the frequency of daily intermittent hypoxaemic events (SpO2 ≤80% lasting 10–180 s). Secondary outcomes included the daily proportion of time with an SpO2 ≤80% and mean daily fraction of inspired oxygen.ResultsOf 15 infants, 13 completed the trial and 2 stopped early for transient worsening in respiratory status during gastric feedings. In the intention-to-treat analyses, transpyloric feedings resulted in increased rates of intermittent hypoxaemia in five infants, greater time per day in hypoxaemia in three infants and more supplemental oxygen use in three infants. One infant received more supplemental oxygen during gastric feedings. The remaining study outcomes were similar between the feeding routes in all other infants. Pooling all data, transpyloric feedings resulted in a higher frequency of intermittent hypoxaemic events (median 7.5/day (IQR 1–23.5) vs 3/day (1–11); adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.5) and a greater proportion of daily hypoxaemia time (median 0.8% (IQR 0.1–2.3) vs 0.4% (0.07–1.8); adjusted mean difference 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.5).ConclusionsTranspyloric compared with gastric feedings modestly increased rates of hypoxaemia among study participants.Trial registration numberNCT02142621

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