scholarly journals Human–wildlife coexistence: attitudes and behavioural intentions towards predators in the Maasai Mara, Kenya

Oryx ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke Broekhuis ◽  
Michael Kaelo ◽  
Dominic Kantai Sakat ◽  
Nicholas B. Elliot
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Behavioural Intentions ◽  
Community Ownership ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
People’S Attitudes

AbstractLiving alongside predators can entail substantial costs both in terms of livelihoods and personal safety. Negative interactions with predators can lead to negative attitudes and behavioural intentions such as retaliatory or pre-emptive killing. As a result, conservation strategies are increasingly adopting human–wildlife coexistence approaches aimed at minimizing the costs associated with living with predators by providing direct or indirect benefits. This is done in the hope that people will foster positive attitudes and behavioural intentions towards predators. However, people's attitudes and their behavioural intentions are not necessarily linked, and both need to be understood for conservation actions to be effective. We conducted 747 semi-structured interviews with community members in the Maasai Mara, Kenya, to determine which factors influenced people's attitudes and behavioural intentions towards predators and whether the two were linked. Most interviewees (57.52%) had a positive attitude towards predators as measured by their assertion that people, livestock and predators should coexist. Their attitude was dependent on benefits, occupation, conservancy membership and perceived community ownership of predators, but was not influenced by the costs of livestock depredation. Most respondents who were members of a conservancy had positive attitudes towards predators but this differed by conservancy, suggesting that, in addition to benefits, conservation politics could influence attitudes. In total, 10.3% of respondents said that they would kill a predator if it killed their livestock. This behavioural intention was only influenced by the respondent's attitude. Understanding the factors that influence attitudes and behavioural intentions will aid future management and coexistence strategies.

Attitudes

2018 ◽  
pp. 118-158
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Consumer Decision ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
People’S Attitudes

There are many options to eat something delicious and fast. Some people like McDonald's, others like Burger King or Wendy's. Some people dislike Dominos while others prefer tacos for breakfast. People's attitudes reflect their likes and dislikes. All the thoughts of individuals, likes and dislikes about objects, constitute their attitudes. Attitude objects are anything that individuals can hold an attitude about. Attitude objects can be physical (food) or abstract (personal values, lifestyles). If a consumer has a negative attitude towards a product, he does not think to try it. Moreover, these attitudes drive consumer decision making. So, to understand consumer attitudes towards their product is critical for marketers. First, they should discover consumer attitudes towards their products. Later they should support positive attitudes consumer have, or they should find ways of changing the negative attitudes of the consumers to positive. This chapter discusses consumer attitudes, its importance, attitude models, and changing consumer attitudes strategies.

scholarly journals Students’ and parents’ attitude towards the SEE English test

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Saraswati Dawadi
Keyword(s):  
Test Context ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Test Fairness ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Listening And Speaking

This paper reports on a study that explored students’ and their parents’ attitudes towards the fairness and accuracy of the Secondary Education Examination (SEE)English test- a high stakes test in the Nepalese context. It is most probably the first empirical study that has extensively explored this area. The data generated through a longitudinal survey among 247 SEE candidates and semi-structured interviews with six students and their parents in both the pre-test and post-test contexts indicates that students had mostly positive attitudes towards the test fairness and its accuracy in the pre-test context but mostly negative attitudes in the post-test context. However, parents had mostly negative attitudes towards the test in both contexts. Both students and their parents raised questions regarding the accuracy and fairness of the listening and speaking test in the post-test context. Having collected both the qualitative and quantitative data, this study has gained a comprehensive picture of the complexity of the test impacts within the Nepalese educational context, as perceived by students and their parents. The implications of the study have also been highlighted.

scholarly journals Actitudes del profesorado de secundaria hacia estudiantes con diagnóstico de trastorno mental en colegios de la provincia de Concepción y Diguillín: Un estudio cualitativo

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-298
Author(s):  
Cecilia Cariaga Balboa ◽  
Pamela Grandon Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Middle School Teachers ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Teachers Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

Las actitudes de los profesores hacia estudiantes con diagnóstico de trastorno mental han sido escasamente exploradas en Chile y Latinoamérica, a pesar de su importancia por el impacto que tienen en el proceso de aprendizaje de los alumnos. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo describir las actitudes de los profesores de secundaria hacia estudiantes que presentan un diagnóstico de trastorno mental. Esta investigación empleó una metodología cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico. Se utilizó análisis de contenido y temático para analizar los corpus. La muestra se obtuvo por conveniencia y correspondió a 30 profesores de enseñanza secundaria procedentes de colegios de diferente dependencia administrativa (municipal, subvencionado y particular). Se realizaron entrevistas semi estructuradas, por saturación teórica. Los resultados muestran que los profesores de enseñanza secundaria manifiestan actitudes contradictorias, positivas y negativas, hacia sus estudiantes con trastorno mental (TM). Las actitudes negativas tienen que ver con el temor y peligrosidad mientras que las actitudes positivas están relacionadas con el apoyo y expectativas favorables de éxito. Las actitudes negativas son comparables con las que mantiene la población en general, mientras que las actitudes positivas y las expectativas favorables de éxito hacia sus estudiantes podrían explicarse por el impacto de la educación inclusiva en los colegios y la teoría del contacto. Estos resultados deberían servir para guiar a los establecimientos educacionales en la mejora de las actitudes de los docentes hacia estudiantes con TM. Teachers' attitudes towards students with a diagnosis of mental disorder have been little explored in Chile and Latin America, despite their importance due to the impact they have on the learning process of students. The present study aimed to describe the attitudes of secondary school teachers towards students who present a diagnosis of mental disorder. This research used a qualitative methodology with a phenomenological approach. Content and thematic analysis was used to analyze the corpus. The sample was obtained for convenience and corresponded to 30 middle school teachers average coming from schools of different administrative dependency (municipal, subsidized and private). Semi-structured interviews were carried out, due to theoretical saturation. The results show that middle school teachers show contradictory, positive and negative attitudes towards their students with mental disorder (TM). Negative attitudes have to do with fear and dangerousness while positive attitudes are related to support and favorable expectations of success. Negative attitudes are comparable to those held by the general population, while positive attitudes and favorable expectations of success towards their students could be explained by the impact of inclusive education in schools and the theory of contact. These results should serve to guide educational establishments in improving teachers' attitudes towards students with TM.

Patient preferences for treatment for angina: An overview of findings from three studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Bowling ◽  
Barnaby Reeves ◽  
Gene Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Older People ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Preferences ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Primary Care Patients

Background: Access to cardiac treatments has been documented to vary with patients’ age. It is unknown whether these variations reflect patients’ treatment preferences. We aimed to investigate patients’ preferences for cardiology treatments and develop a Patients’ Preferences Questionnaire. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with primary care patients with diagnosed angina with postal follow-up. The resulting Patients’ Preferences Questionnaire was tested with newly admitted inpatients with acute coronary syndrome and with patients in primary care. Results: The Patients’ Preferences Questionnaire was psychometrically sound. Analyses of preference subscale scores showed that the most positive preference scores were for medication. Angioplasty scored highest at the negative end of the scale. Detailed analyses showed that older people and women were less likely to prefer coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), reflecting its greater level of invasiveness. Older people (aged over 75 years, compared to people aged under 75 years), but not women, were also more cautious in their strength of preference for angioplasty. More positive attitudes towards CABG surgery, and more negative attitudes towards medication, were associated with greater impact of the condition on life. Conclusions: The research resulted in a psychometrically sound Patients’ Preferences Questionnaire. There was some evidence to support the view that older people's weaker preferences for CABG may contribute slightly to variations in the provision of re-vascularization. There was also variation in preferences within age groups, cautioning against the assumption that all or most older people are more reluctant than younger people to undergo invasive procedures.

scholarly journals People and jaguars: new insights into the role of social factors in an old conflict

Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 678-686
Author(s):  
Flavia Caruso ◽  
Pablo G. Perovic ◽  
Andrés Tálamo ◽  
Carolina B. Trigo ◽  
María S. Andrade-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Conservation Projects ◽  
People’S Attitudes

AbstractThroughout its range in Latin America, the jaguar Panthera onca is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, and by conflict as a result of coexistence with people. This Near Threatened species is a top predator, and is often illegally hunted. Understanding people's attitudes and perceptions and the factors that could influence them is crucial for the conservation of this species. In this study we assess how knowledge, attitudes and perceptions among people in northern Argentina regarding jaguars vary depending on their level of education, age and occupation. We interviewed 810 people living in and around 10 protected areas in northern Argentina. Positive perceptions and attitudes towards the jaguar were associated with economic benefits that people may receive from the species’ presence, such as income from tourism. Unexpectedly, higher levels of formal education were not associated with more positive attitudes and perceptions. Negative attitudes and perceptions towards the species were determined by fear; people see jaguars as a threat to their lives. This study shows that the socio-economic factors that affect the level of tolerance towards jaguars are not related only to economic losses. Our findings provide information for the design, implementation and evaluation of jaguar conservation projects in Argentina.

scholarly journals Influencer Marketing from a Consumer Perspective: How Attitude, Trust, and Word of Mouth Affect Buying Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 231-241
Author(s):  
Kamaldeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Consumer Perspective ◽  
Buying Behaviors ◽  
Relevant Factors

Influencer marketing is a marketing method that more and more companies are using when it comes to marketing brands. The purpose of the study has been to gain a deeper understanding of how social media influencers affect consumers' buying behavior. To understand this, consumers' attitudes and confidence in the phenomenon have been relevant factors to examine. The study also aimed to find out whether Word of Mouth (WoM) or social media influencers have the greatest impact on consumers' buying behavior. The results have shown that social media influencer's impact on consumers' buying behavior depends on whether attitudes are positive or negative. Consumers with positive attitudes towards social media influencers have a greater tendency to acquire what is marketed in comparison with consumers who have negative attitudes towards social media influencers, who instead refrain from buying. Factors that increase confidence in social media influencer are whether the consumer feels connected, honesty and that social media influencer in markets products / services within its area of expertise. What has been shown to play a significant role when it comes to influencing consumers' buying behaviors and attitudes is what the environment's perceptions, opinions and experiences about the phenomenon look like WoM. It has emerged that the respondents have a greater confidence in their surroundings than they have in social media influencers. This study will adopt a qualitative approach towards collection and analysis of data. Hence this study will investigate influencer marketing from a consumer perspective through a qualitative method with the help of semi-structured interviews. The researcher will conduct a minimum of 5 semi-structured interviews and analyze the data to formulate the required findings of this study.

scholarly journals Conservation of the jaguar Panthera onca in a community-dominated landscape in montane forests in Oaxaca, Mexico

Oryx ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe J. Figel ◽  
Elvira Durán ◽  
David Barton Bray
Keyword(s):  
Capture Rate ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Emerging Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Montane Tropical Forest

AbstractWe examined the presence of the jaguar Panthera onca, and human–jaguar interactions, in a community-dominated montane tropical forest landscape with formally recognized indigenous/community conserved areas in the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca state, Mexico. We used camera traps to detect jaguars, and social data were collected through informal interviews and 46 semi-structured and 106 structured interviews with community leaders and members. During June 2007–June 2008 camera traps registered two jaguars in the four study communities after 1,164 trap nights, with a photo-capture rate of 7.8 jaguar captures per 1,000 trap nights. Interviews documented 86 jaguar sightings since 1990. Despite some history of livestock predation, 68% of the interviewed farmers indicated jaguar presence was positive, 20% that jaguar presence was both positive and negative, and 12% thought jaguars were a negative presence. All of the respondents with negative attitudes had either owned cattle previously or lost cattle to predation. Despite ongoing risks to jaguars the emergence of community-conserved areas, local conservation initiatives, and a community-imposed hunting ban are supported by 93% of community members. An emerging culture of conservation in the study communities suggests there is an opportunity for jaguar conservation on community lands that should be explored elsewhere in jaguar range countries.

scholarly journals Participation, trust, and risks associated with peer-to-peer accommodation platforms : How did the COVID-19 crisis affect Airbnb Budapest in 2020?

Intersections ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-200
Author(s):  
Bori Simonovits ◽  
Boglárka Zách ◽  
Csenge Kondorosy
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Online Discourse ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Positive Experiences

Our research was aimed at exploring the different layers of trust with regard to Airbnb services, as well as the practices of discrimination on the platform. The fieldwork was carried out in the first half of 2020, partly before and partly after the COVID-19 related interventions, which significantly affected life in Budapest from mid-March 2020 onwards. A total of 21 semi-structured interviews were carried out, supplemented with online discourse analysis. Our empirical analysis revealed that most of our interviewees displayed positive attitudes towards Airbnb, but our online discourse analysis showed that there are rather mixed attitudes towards the company. Considering the platform from an employment perspective, certain elements of precarious working conditions were identified. When it comes to different layers of trust, we point out that interpersonal trust between guests and hosts is crucial, resulting in positive experiences for hosts in many ways. We found social trust in Airbnb to be more ambiguous, as some interviewees claimed to have concerns with regard to its effect on the housing market. Finally, distributed trust on the platform seemed significant, as ratings often serve as a means of predicting guests’ trustworthiness. Most of the hosts we interviewed were aware of the fact that discrimination is not tolerated at all by the platform, so it is not surprising that we could hardly identify any cases of overt discrimination; however, latent forms of discrimination and negative attitudes as well as stereotypes that were formed by the hosts in relation to numerous nationalities and minorities were explored in our empirical research.

scholarly journals EXPLORING CUSTOMERS’ ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOURS TOWARDS USING MOBILE MARKETING BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER VISITING RESTAURANTS IN SAUDI ARABIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mshari Aljabr ◽  
◽  
Romana Garma ◽  
Colin Drake ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Marketing Channels ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Mobile Marketing ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Misleading Information ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Customer Attitudes

Contemporary tourism has seen the adoption of mobile applications to discover and market attractions such as restaurants and hotels, yet few academic studies focus on customer attitudes and behaviours towards the usage of mobile marketing for restaurants in non-western cultures, like Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Arabian Government’s announcement that its borders are opening to international tourists marks a significant opportunity for the hospitality businesses. This study provides insight into customers’ attitudes and behaviours towards using mobile marketing channels when deciding on restaurants. Qualitative research using semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten Saudi customers who frequently utilised their smartphones to decide on restaurants. Thematic analysis identified positive attitudes towards using mobile marketing for restaurants which considered factors like usefulness, ease of use, time and money savings, while misleading information and massive advertising resulted in negative attitudes. Furthermore, the research highlights customers’ main mobile marketing activities before, during, and after their visits to restaurants. This research provides the initial findings identifying opportunities for businesses as a result of the adoption of these technologies.

Attitudes toward Animals: The Effect of Priming Thoughts of Human-Animal Similarities and Mortality Salience on the Evaluation of Companion Animals

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Loughnan ◽  
Michael Halloran ◽  
Ruth Beatson
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Mortality Salience ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Animals ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Pets

AbstractHuman attitudes toward nonhuman animals are complex and quite contradictory. They can range between extremely negative (animal cruelty) to positive (treating companion animals like human surrogates). Attitudes toward animals are especially negative when people think about human creatureliness and personal mortality. This paper investigates people's attitudes toward highly valued animals (companion animals). The research presented here tested whether companion-animal caregivers would respond to reminders of human creatureliness and mortality salience (MS) with more negative attitudes toward pets. Participants completed an online survey in which MS and human-creatureliness conditions were manipulated. Results showed that, under MS, even pet owners responded to reminders of human creatureliness with less positive attitudes toward the average pet. Thus, the effects observed in previous research extend to more popular animals, even among people with presumably positive attitudes toward animals.

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