On Coloration in Ticks. II

Parasitology ◽  
1920 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. F. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Caustic Potash ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Remarkable Change ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time

The coloration of Amblyomma hebraeum, A. gemma, Dermacentor venustus, D. variabilis and D. reticulatus niveus, as seen in living examples, is depicted for the first time, and the desirability of recording the colours of ornate ticks when alive is indicated.A remarkable change in colour in living specimens of A. hebraeum is described and figured, this change taking place after a prolonged sojourn (74–141 days) upon the host. Such a colour change has not hitherto been observed in ticks. The difference in colour is seen in dead dried specimens but is not appreciable in those preserved in alcohol.Since the immature stages of ornate ticks are inornate, and the colours change in adults of some species during prolonged periods of parasitism, it is evident that the coloration in adults must depend upon the accumulated products of metabolism beneath the chitinous exoskeleton, the regional distribution of colour depending upon special metabolic functions taking place in corresponding parts of the tick. The ornamental colour-producing layer can be scraped away from the underside of the scutum in most ornate ticks and it is removable from such ticks by the use of caustic potash.The whitish or creamy coloration that is so characteristic of most species of Dermacentor and the three ornate species of Rhipicephalus that are known to science, appears on the other hand to depend largely upon inclusions or structural changes within the chitin itself, whence the persistence of the creaminess seen by reflected light in the caustic-treated ticks. Similar, but less distinct, appearances may be seen in ticks belonging to other genera. Dermacentor rhinocerotis, which does not exhibit creamy coloration but only dull yellowish spots when dry, is totally decolorized by caustic potash, whilst contrary to most species of its genus it shows metallic coloration in well-preserved specimens in alcohol.The examination of caustic-treated specimens was carried out upon 31 species of ornate ticks, i.e. Dermacentor (8), Rhipicephalus (3), Amblyomma (15), Aponomma (4) and Hyalomma (1 species).The coloration and creamy ornamentation, herein distinguished, appear to be confined to the thinner portions of the exoskeleton. That the characteristic dark markings correspond to thicker and more darkly chitinised portions of the scutum is demonstrable by dissections, caustic-treated, or sectioned specimens; this being especially evident for instance in Amblyomma. The orange spot on the scutum of A. splendidum offers an exception.The optical and chemical study of coloration in ticks deserves further investigation.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic and Thermal Analyses of Ortho-Benzylphenol Crystalline Polymorphism

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Baran ◽  
N. A. Davydova ◽  
M. Drozd ◽  
E. A. Ponezha ◽  
V. Ya. Reznichenko
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Metastable Phase ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Methylene Bridge ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Crystalline Polymorphism ◽  
First Time

In situ, we present the experimental spectroscopic proof of the existence of polymorphism in ortho-benzylphenol. Infrared spectroscopy was used for the first time to investigate the structural changes during the crystallization of a metastable phase, which is transformed, in the course of time, into a stable one. The results show that, in the stable and metastable phases, different conformers of ortho-benzylphenol molecule predominate, which differ in the orientation of the aromatic rings relative to the connecting methylene bridge. Namely, it is shown that the transformation of the metastable phase into a stable one is accompanied by the rotation of the OH-substituted aromatic ring relative to the connecting methylene bridge from 59.9∘ to 180.0∘ in the molecule of ortho-benzylphenol. The DSC experiment has shown that the process of nucleation of a metastable phase preferentially develops below ∼1.1 Tg (243 K), the crystallization occurs at ∼272 K, and the melting happens at 290.2 K. The difference in the temperature regions of nucleation and crystallization explains a good glass-forming status of ortho-benzylphenol.

scholarly journals Novel pH responsive luminescent poly(oxyethylene phosphate) tris(β-diketonate) europium (III) complexes

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Stanimirov ◽  
Ivan Petkov
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Luminescent Intensity ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Excitation Spectra ◽  
Remarkable Change ◽  
Polymer Complexes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Polymer Type

AbstractThe paper reports on the dependence of the absorbance and luminescent intensity from pH of novel poly(oxyethylene phosphate) tris(β-diketonate) europium (III) complexes. The photophysical data obtained allow some preliminary assumptions about the nature of this phenomenon. Increase in luminescent efficiency is a consequence of enhanced efficiency of energy transfer caused by structural changes in complexes after water deprotonation. Remarkable change has been observed in photophysical properties of the polymer complexes by studying the fluorescent emission and excitation spectra and absorption recorded at various pH both in solution and in the solid state. Some of the complexes derivative of the dibenzoylmethane (DBM) show more than hundred times increase in the luminescence after alkalization. The pH value, at which the maximum luminescent efficiency appears, depends on the type of the fourth ligand. The difference between luminescent efficiency of the complexes in alkaline and neutral environment depends on the β-diketonate ligands and on polymer type as well.

scholarly journals ДЕФОЛТ ІДЕОЛОГІЙ

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-65
Author(s):  
Е. В. Качуров ◽  
С. В. Качурова
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Main Task ◽  
False Consciousness ◽  
Crime Novel ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Voluntary Commitment ◽  
First Time

The article, for the first time ever, considers the phenomenon of the emergence and historical development of ideology, up to the full realization of this process. Some scientists call this moment of completion as «crisis», the others – as «doom». Considering one essential feature of modern ideology, we call it a «default». We are talking about its voluntary commitment to replace the philosophical knowledge that traditionally provided the European history of previous eras.To understand this phenomenon, the fact of the relationship between ideology and phenomenology is defined as a matter of principle, which almost completely coincides with it in its subject matter. Both are engaged in consciousness. The nuances of their differences are rooted in the difference of theoretical and practical horizons.Having raised the question of the emergence of ideology, the work comes to the conclusion that its cause is the classical German phenomenology (from Kant to Hegel). The same kinds of phenomenology that were created by ideology itself in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have a qualitatively different character. All of them come from the «conditioning of consciousness by being», while the philosophical classics sought to «mediate consciousness as an object, with consciousness as a method». Such a sharp deviation of the various theories of knowledge of the last two centuries was caused exclusively by the practical orientation of ideological consciousness.The use of the «crime novel» form in the article, which is indicated by both the researchers of the «false consciousness» and the researchers of phenomenology, made it possible to trace their interaction in dynamics. By exposing each other, ideologies «dragged» their own phenomenologies into this trial, which, in turn, unwittingly, were eventually forced to take the path of de-idealizing their own origins. So the course of this struggle has undergone significant changes in both phenomena.The article for the first time considers its «naive», «political» and «cynical» forms as the stages of the development of ideology. Variants of the idea of a «consciousness that does not know what is happening behind its back» by G. Hegel, the concepts of K. Marx’s «illusory consciousness» and P. Sloterdijk’s theory of the «enlightened false consciousness» here serve as markers for distinguishing these stages.As a result, it is stated that the default of modern ideologies in a positive way led to structural changes in the classical model of philosophical knowledge. Modern forms of phenomenology began to return to it, but in an updated form. The knowledge of positive sciences, which was previously included in all the historical systems of philosophy, is now excluded from it, and logic, history of philosophy and classical phenomenology, with a stable moment of de-ideologization of all types of false consciousness, become its main task.

Strategies for Oral Delivery of Metal-Saturated Lactoferrin

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Gajda-Morszewski ◽  
Klaudyna Śpiewak-Wojtyła ◽  
Maria Oszajca ◽  
Małgorzata Brindell
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time

Lactoferrin was isolated and purified for the first time over 50-years ago. Since then, extensive studies on the structure and function of this protein have been performed and the research is still being continued. In this mini-review we focus on presenting recent scientific efforts towards the elucidation of the role and therapeutic potential of lactoferrin saturated with iron(III) or manganese(III) ions. The difference in biological activity of metal-saturated lactoferrin vs. the unmetalated one is emphasized. The strategies for oral delivery of lactoferrin, are also reviewed, with particular attention to the metalated protein.

Effectiveness of Ayurvedic intervention in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (Kaphaja Adhimantha) - A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ratheesh P. ◽  
Dr. Abhayadev A. ◽  
Dr. Varsha Sumedhan ◽  
Dr. Meghna P P. ◽  
Dr. Srinivasan M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Remarkable Change ◽  
Related Disorder

Glaucoma is a diverse group of disorders affecting the eye with a common characteristic potentially progressive optic neuropathy that is determined by both structural changes and functional deficit in which IOP is a key modifiable factor. In Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), IOP independent mechanisms of glaucomatous nerve damage and visual field loss with unobstructed angle of anterior chamber is observed. The patient has reported gradual diminution of peripheral aspect of visual field (Rt. eye - 6/12 and Lt. eye - 6/12 on Snellen’s distant vision chart) in both eyes for 2 years. There was marked peripheral field defect on both confrontation test and perimetry visual field analysis test. The disease shows clinical similarity with Kaphaja Adhimantha, a disease affecting the whole eye mentioned in Susruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hrudaya. It is a chronic disease comes under life style related disorder. Dukhena Roopam Pasyathi (distorted image or constricted visual field), Sirodukha (headache), Srava (watering), Kandu (itching), Pamsupoornatha (foreign body sensation), Aviladarsana (diminished vision) and Gourava (heaviness of eye and head) are the clinical findings explained in the context of Kaphaja Adhimantha. These clinical finding mentioned in classical literature shows resemblance with POAG. The meticulous deployment of kaphaja Abhisyandha- Adhimantha treatment protocol can be used to prevent the progression of ganglionic damage and preservation of eye sight. The logical interpretation on the basis of both subjective and objective clinical findings concluded the diagnosis as Kaphaja Adhimantha and treatment principle adopted was Apatharpana, Kaphahara, Abhisyandhahara and Srothovisodhana. After treatment his vision has improved as 6/6 (Rt. Eye) and 6/6 (Lt. Eye) and remarkable change in field analysis. The study discusses about the effectiveness of Ayurvedic management in POAG.

Nokhri, Ger, and the Art of Separation in the Hebrew Bible

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Ophir ◽  
Ishay Rosen-Zvi
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Biblical Literature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time

This chapter traces the developments of various terms denoting “others” in biblical literature. In much of the biblical corpus, Israel is still one goy among many, and the difference between it and its Others is neither binary nor stable. After a brief analysis of the dynamics of familial and ethnwic separations in Genesis and Exodus, this chapter concentrates on the priestly and Deuteronomistic modes of separating peoples, examines the novelty and limitedness of the Deuteronomistic legislation, where the nokhri (stranger) is systematically contrasted for the first time with the Israelite (referred to as “your brother”), and follows the various modes of separations and their rationales.

scholarly journals Valorization of sugarcane bagasse by chemical pretreatment and enzyme mediated deconstruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vihang S. Thite ◽  
Anuradha S. Nerurkar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Soluble Components

Abstract After chemical pretreatment, improved amenability of agrowaste biomass for enzymatic saccharification needs an understanding of the effect exerted by pretreatments on biomass for enzymatic deconstruction. In present studies, NaOH, NH4OH and H2SO4 pretreatments effectively changed visible morphology imparting distinct fibrous appearance to sugarcane bagasse (SCB). Filtrate analysis after NaOH, NH4OH and H2SO4 pretreatments yielded release of soluble reducing sugars (SRS) in range of ~0.17–0.44%, ~0.38–0.75% and ~2.9–8.4% respectively. Gravimetric analysis of pretreated SCB (PSCB) biomass also revealed dry weight loss in range of ~25.8–44.8%, ~11.1–16.0% and ~28.3–38.0% by the three pretreatments in the same order. Release of soluble components other than SRS, majorly reported to be soluble lignins, were observed highest for NaOH followed by H2SO4 and NH4OH pretreatments. Decrease or absence of peaks attributed to lignin and loosened fibrous appearance of biomass during FTIR and SEM studies respectively further corroborated with our observations of lignin removal. Application of commercial cellulase increased raw SCB saccharification from 1.93% to 38.84%, 25.56% and 9.61% after NaOH, H2SO4 and NH4OH pretreatments. Structural changes brought by cell wall degrading enzymes were first time shown visually confirming the cell wall disintegration under brightfield, darkfield and fluorescence microscopy. The microscopic evidence and saccharification results proved that the chemical treatment valorized the SCB by making it amenable for enzymatic saccharification.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Chemical Constituents from Piper pesaresanum C. DC. and Derivatives against Phytopathogen Fungi of Cocoa

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3256
Author(s):  
Luis C. Chitiva-Chitiva ◽  
Cristóbal Ladino-Vargas ◽  
Luis E. Cuca-Suárez ◽  
Juliet A. Prieto-Rodríguez ◽  
Oscar J. Patiño-Ladino
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Benzoic Acid Derivatives ◽  
First Time

In this study, the antifungal potential of chemical constituents from Piper pesaresanum and some synthesized derivatives was determined against three phytopathogenic fungi associated with the cocoa crop. The methodology included the phytochemical study on the aerial part of P. pesaresanum, the synthesis of some derivatives and the evaluation of the antifungal activity against the fungi Moniliophthora roreri, Fusarium solani and Phytophthora sp. The chemical study allowed the isolation of three benzoic acid derivatives (1–3), one dihydrochalcone (4) and a mixture of sterols (5–7). Seven derivatives (8–14) were synthesized from the main constituents, of which compounds 9, 10, 12 and 14 are reported for the first time. Benzoic acid derivatives showed strong antifungal activity against M. roreri, of which 11 (3.0 ± 0.8 µM) was the most active compound with an IC50 lower compared with positive control Mancozeb® (4.9 ± 0.4 µM). Dihydrochalcones and acid derivatives were active against F. solani and Phytophthora sp., of which 3 (32.5 ± 3.3 µM) and 4 (26.7 ± 5.3 µM) were the most active compounds, respectively. The preliminary structure–activity relationship allowed us to establish that prenylated chains and the carboxyl group are important in the antifungal activity of benzoic acid derivatives. Likewise, a positive influence of the carbonyl group on the antifungal activity for dihydrochalcones was deduced.

Species diversity and abundance of Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in five ecosystems of Penang, West Malaysia

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Keng-Hong ◽  
Lee Soo-Lam
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Dacus Dorsalis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vegetable Farm ◽  
First Time

AbstractDacus dorsalis Hend. infested eleven, D. cucurbitae Coq. five and D. umbrosus F. two of the eighteen common fruits and vegetables grown in Penang, West Malaysia. D. tau (Wlk.) infested bacang (Mangifera foetida), D. caudatus F. chilli (Capsicum annuum) and D. frauenfeldi Schin. water guava (Eugenia javanica), together with D. dorsalis. Pomelo (Citrus grandis) was found infested for the first time by D. cucurbitae. No flies were trapped using Capilure and trimedlure as baits. Cue-lure attracted D. caudatus, D. cucurbitae, D. frauenfeldi, D. occipitalis (Bez.) and D. tau. Methyl eugenol attracted D. dorsalis and D. umbrosus. Dorsalure was less attractive to D. caudatus and D. dorsalis than cue-lure and methyl eugenol, respectively, but it was equally attractive to D. frauenfeldi as cue-lure. Using traps baited with cue-lure or methyl eugenol in five ecosystems, the highest numbers of males of D. dorsalis, D. umbrosus, D. frauenfeldi and D. caudatus trapped were from a village, on a vegetable farm for D. cucurbitae, and D. occipitalis was only caught in a forest. Analysis showed that for each species of Dacus the difference between ecosystems was highly significant. The few examples caught in grassland were probably migrants.

scholarly journals On the Relationship between Low Latitude Scintillation Onset and Sunset Terminator over Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2087
Author(s):  
Mogese Wassaie Mersha ◽  
Elias Lewi ◽  
Norbert Jakowski ◽  
Volker Wilken ◽  
Jens Berdermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moving Boundary ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Scintillation Index ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Remarkable Change ◽  
Equatorial Africa ◽  
Night Side ◽  
Solar Terminator ◽  
First Time

The solar terminator is a moving boundary between day-side and night-side regions on the Earth, which is a substantial source of perturbations in the ionosphere. In the vicinity of the solar terminator, essential parameters like S4 index measurements are widely analyzed in order to monitor and predict perturbations in the ionosphere. The utilization of the scintillation index S4 is a well-accepted approach to describe the amplitude/intensity fluctuation of a received signal, predominantly caused by small-scale irregularities of the ionospheric plasma. We report on the longitudinal daily and seasonal occurrence of GNSS signal scintillations, using the data derived from the GNSS stations in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Lomé, Togo and Dakar, Senegal. The observed seasonal climatology of GNSS signal scintillations in equatorial Africa is adequately explained by the alignment of the solar terminator and local geomagnetic declination line. It should be pointed out that the strongest scintillations are most frequently observed during the time when the solar terminator is best aligned with the geomagnetic declination line. At all three stations, the comparison of computational and observational results indicated that the scintillation activity culminated around equinoxes in the years 2014, 2015 and 2016. Comparatively, the western equatorial Africa sector has the most intense, longest-lasting, and highest scintillation occurrence rate in equinoctial seasons in all three years. For the first time, we show that the seasonal variation of the scintillation peaks changes systematically from west to east at equatorial GNSS stations over Africa. A detailed analysis of the solar day–night terminator azimuth at ionospheric heights including the time equation shows that the scintillation intensity has a maximum if the azimuth of the terminator coincides with the declination line of the geomagnetic field. Due to the remarkable change of the declination by about 10° at the considered GNSS stations, the distance between scintillation peaks increases by 46 days when moving westward from the Bahir Dar to the Dakar GNSS station. The observations agree quite well with the computational results, thus confirming Tsunoda’s theory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document