scholarly journals ДЕФОЛТ ІДЕОЛОГІЙ

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-65
Author(s):  
Е. В. Качуров ◽  
С. В. Качурова
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Main Task ◽  
False Consciousness ◽  
Crime Novel ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Voluntary Commitment ◽  
First Time

The article, for the first time ever, considers the phenomenon of the emergence and historical development of ideology, up to the full realization of this process. Some scientists call this moment of completion as «crisis», the others – as «doom». Considering one essential feature of modern ideology, we call it a «default». We are talking about its voluntary commitment to replace the philosophical knowledge that traditionally provided the European history of previous eras.To understand this phenomenon, the fact of the relationship between ideology and phenomenology is defined as a matter of principle, which almost completely coincides with it in its subject matter. Both are engaged in consciousness. The nuances of their differences are rooted in the difference of theoretical and practical horizons.Having raised the question of the emergence of ideology, the work comes to the conclusion that its cause is the classical German phenomenology (from Kant to Hegel). The same kinds of phenomenology that were created by ideology itself in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have a qualitatively different character. All of them come from the «conditioning of consciousness by being», while the philosophical classics sought to «mediate consciousness as an object, with consciousness as a method». Such a sharp deviation of the various theories of knowledge of the last two centuries was caused exclusively by the practical orientation of ideological consciousness.The use of the «crime novel» form in the article, which is indicated by both the researchers of the «false consciousness» and the researchers of phenomenology, made it possible to trace their interaction in dynamics. By exposing each other, ideologies «dragged» their own phenomenologies into this trial, which, in turn, unwittingly, were eventually forced to take the path of de-idealizing their own origins. So the course of this struggle has undergone significant changes in both phenomena.The article for the first time considers its «naive», «political» and «cynical» forms as the stages of the development of ideology. Variants of the idea of a «consciousness that does not know what is happening behind its back» by G. Hegel, the concepts of K. Marx’s «illusory consciousness» and P. Sloterdijk’s theory of the «enlightened false consciousness» here serve as markers for distinguishing these stages.As a result, it is stated that the default of modern ideologies in a positive way led to structural changes in the classical model of philosophical knowledge. Modern forms of phenomenology began to return to it, but in an updated form. The knowledge of positive sciences, which was previously included in all the historical systems of philosophy, is now excluded from it, and logic, history of philosophy and classical phenomenology, with a stable moment of de-ideologization of all types of false consciousness, become its main task.

scholarly journals Investigation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Development in Terms of Urea, Creatinine and Some Blood Parameters in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seha Akduman
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Respiratory Complaints

Aim: In this retrospective crossectional study, it was aimed to evaluate the development of COPD in terms of urea, creatinine and some blood parameters in patients with allergic rhinitis. Method: Patients who were admitted to Kadıköy Medicana Hospital between 12.10.2017 and 12.10.2018 with respiratory complaints and has COPD diagnosis for the first time were evaluated retrospectively. Among the 845 patients admitted to the clinic for a one-year period, 160 patients with the diagnosis of COPD for the first time and 42 patients with a history of allergic rhinitis were subjected. The study group consisted of 63 patients with COPD who were diagnosed as COPD for the first time but without allergic rhinitis and 57 allergic rhinitis patients with no diagnosis of COPD. Findings: CRP, urea, WBC and neutrophil levels were higher in COPD group; creatinine and eisonofil levels were higher in COPD-Allergic rhinitis group and HGB was higher in the allergic rhinitis group. The differences between CRP and urea levels of COPD and allergic rhinitis group were statistically significant (p <0.05). The urea values were significantly different between COPD + allergic rhinitis and COPD groups (p <0.05). According to the results of ROC analysis, the value of urea for the COPD + allergic rhinitis group was statistically insignificant (p> 0.05), whereas it was statistically significant for the allergic rhinitis group (p <0.05). Conclusion: In detecting the difference between allergic rhinitis and COPD associated allergic rhinitis, urea levels may have a diagnostic value. An increase in urea in patients with allergic rhinitis may indicate comorbid COPD.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic and Thermal Analyses of Ortho-Benzylphenol Crystalline Polymorphism

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Baran ◽  
N. A. Davydova ◽  
M. Drozd ◽  
E. A. Ponezha ◽  
V. Ya. Reznichenko
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Metastable Phase ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Methylene Bridge ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Crystalline Polymorphism ◽  
First Time

In situ, we present the experimental spectroscopic proof of the existence of polymorphism in ortho-benzylphenol. Infrared spectroscopy was used for the first time to investigate the structural changes during the crystallization of a metastable phase, which is transformed, in the course of time, into a stable one. The results show that, in the stable and metastable phases, different conformers of ortho-benzylphenol molecule predominate, which differ in the orientation of the aromatic rings relative to the connecting methylene bridge. Namely, it is shown that the transformation of the metastable phase into a stable one is accompanied by the rotation of the OH-substituted aromatic ring relative to the connecting methylene bridge from 59.9∘ to 180.0∘ in the molecule of ortho-benzylphenol. The DSC experiment has shown that the process of nucleation of a metastable phase preferentially develops below ∼1.1 Tg (243 K), the crystallization occurs at ∼272 K, and the melting happens at 290.2 K. The difference in the temperature regions of nucleation and crystallization explains a good glass-forming status of ortho-benzylphenol.

Charming but Villain

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Lale Kabadayı
Keyword(s):  
Black And White ◽  
White Film ◽  
Turkish Cinema ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

In the history of cinema, bad girl/boy characters are less common than other villain characters. However, these characters have a lot of influence on the audience. The Bad Seed movies, which are important book adaptations, are remarkable for the evil done by a charming, pretty little girl. The audience watched the story of this eight-year-old-girl for the first time with the adaptation made in 1956. The book was adapted as a television movie in the US both in 1985 and 2018. However, it was made in Turkey, too. This adaptation was shot in 1963 by director Nevzat Pesen. This black-and-white film is considered one of the best thriller-horror films of Turkish Cinema. In this study, the relationship of the little girl with evil will be examined in terms of differences in US and Turkish adaptations. Thus, the difference between the two cultures regarding the relationship between child and villainy will be evaluated from the point of cinema.

Hope

2015 ◽  
pp. 131-165
Author(s):  
Shulamit S. Magnus
Keyword(s):  
Women's Writing ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Modern Time ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Dark Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time ◽  
Women’S Writing

This chapter details how another youth arose during the era of the pogroms. Not the youth of some bygone, pre-modern time to which Pauline Wengeroff supposedly harked back but an ‘enlightened’ youth who nonetheless, in her words, had not gone ‘astray to the alien in that dark time’. Among them were many who found their way back to the Jewish people and who, under the influence of recent events, closed ranks. Indeed, as a reaction to antisemitism, ‘the Hovevei Zion (Lovers of Zion) society arose’. It is to this youth that Wengeroff says she relates — for the first time — the ‘dreadful event’ of her sons' conversion, something she had not previously shared even with her intimates. These are Wengeroff's grandchildren, for whom Memoirs of a Grandmother is written. It is clear from Memoirs, that Wengeroff was a Zionist. One effectively sees in her work the emergence of full-fledged political Zionism from traditional proto-Zionism. The chapter then assesses how Wengeroff was able to write and publish Memoirs. What made the difference for Wengeroff, who must be counted a stunning success story in the history of Jewish women's writing, and of Jewish literature altogether? The chapter also looks at how her memoirs were received by her metaphorical grandchildren.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Discrimination of Chimonanthus praecox (L.) Link Germplasm Using ISSR and RAPD Markers

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1144-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Ge Zhao ◽  
Ming-Qin Zhou ◽  
Long-Qing Chen ◽  
Donglin Zhang ◽  
Gituru Wahiti Robert
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Flower Plant ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chimonanthus Praecox

Chimonanthus praecox (wintersweet) is endemic to China. It has been cultivated there for more than 1000 years as a garden, potted, and cut-flower plant. Many cultivars have been developed during its long history of cultivation, and recently many germplasms were collected in Wuhan and Nanjing, China. The identification and genetic relationship of these resources were studied based mainly on morphological traits. In the current study, intersimple sequence repeat markers (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (RAPD) were used for the first time to investigate 72 wintersweet clones from the two regions. Eleven ISSR primers amplified 115 bands, 90 (78.26%) of which were polymorphic. Nineteen RAPD primers amplified 165 bands, 105 (63.63%) of which were polymorphic. Either ISSR or RAPD markers were sufficient to distinguish all the clones surveyed. A Dendrogram based on Jaccard's similarity coefficients indicated that the distribution pattern of the 72 clones was coherent with their geographical origins. Most of the genetic variation (85.68% with ISSR data; 86.75% with RAPD data) occurred among clones within each region. However, the difference between Wuhan and Nanjing groups is statistically significant (ΦST = 0.143, P < 0.001, with ISSR data; ΦST = 0.132, P < 0.001, with RAPD data). Morphological variation and classification of wintersweet cultivars were also discussed compared with the genetic relationship based on ISSR and RAPD markers. This is the first report of the partitioning of genetic variability within and between different cultivated wintersweet regions, and it provides useful baseline data for optimizing sampling strategies in breeding. These results are important for future genetic improvement, identification, and conservation of Chimonanthus praecox germplasm.

On Coloration in Ticks. II

Parasitology ◽  
1920 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. F. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Caustic Potash ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Remarkable Change ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time

The coloration of Amblyomma hebraeum, A. gemma, Dermacentor venustus, D. variabilis and D. reticulatus niveus, as seen in living examples, is depicted for the first time, and the desirability of recording the colours of ornate ticks when alive is indicated.A remarkable change in colour in living specimens of A. hebraeum is described and figured, this change taking place after a prolonged sojourn (74–141 days) upon the host. Such a colour change has not hitherto been observed in ticks. The difference in colour is seen in dead dried specimens but is not appreciable in those preserved in alcohol.Since the immature stages of ornate ticks are inornate, and the colours change in adults of some species during prolonged periods of parasitism, it is evident that the coloration in adults must depend upon the accumulated products of metabolism beneath the chitinous exoskeleton, the regional distribution of colour depending upon special metabolic functions taking place in corresponding parts of the tick. The ornamental colour-producing layer can be scraped away from the underside of the scutum in most ornate ticks and it is removable from such ticks by the use of caustic potash.The whitish or creamy coloration that is so characteristic of most species of Dermacentor and the three ornate species of Rhipicephalus that are known to science, appears on the other hand to depend largely upon inclusions or structural changes within the chitin itself, whence the persistence of the creaminess seen by reflected light in the caustic-treated ticks. Similar, but less distinct, appearances may be seen in ticks belonging to other genera. Dermacentor rhinocerotis, which does not exhibit creamy coloration but only dull yellowish spots when dry, is totally decolorized by caustic potash, whilst contrary to most species of its genus it shows metallic coloration in well-preserved specimens in alcohol.The examination of caustic-treated specimens was carried out upon 31 species of ornate ticks, i.e. Dermacentor (8), Rhipicephalus (3), Amblyomma (15), Aponomma (4) and Hyalomma (1 species).The coloration and creamy ornamentation, herein distinguished, appear to be confined to the thinner portions of the exoskeleton. That the characteristic dark markings correspond to thicker and more darkly chitinised portions of the scutum is demonstrable by dissections, caustic-treated, or sectioned specimens; this being especially evident for instance in Amblyomma. The orange spot on the scutum of A. splendidum offers an exception.The optical and chemical study of coloration in ticks deserves further investigation.

scholarly journals 1941 (pre-war half-year period): changes in the NKVD structure of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
V. A. Grechenko
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
First Time

1941 is a landmark in the history of the world in the whole and Ukraine in particular. The absolute attention of the historical scientific community is concentrated on the events associated with the beginning of the Soviet-German war. Therefore, a very small number of publications is focused on the pre-war half-year period of 1941. However, the reorganization of the NKVD continued during this period aiming at adapting its activities to new tasks. The study of controversial pages of law enforcement agencies at this time is important for the reproduction of an objective picture of its activity, for the establishment of historical truth. The author of the publication has studied the transformations in the structure of the NKVD of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic during the first pre-war half-year period of 1941. The structural changes in the NKVD of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the first half of 1941 have been researched for the first time; the leadership of the regional departments of the NKVD of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the mentioned period has been specified and summarized; provisions on the role and tasks of the units on combating banditism have gained further development. It has been demonstrated that there were rather significant changes concerning the separation of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs into two parts in the first half-year period of 1941 in the structure of the NKVD of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in accordance with the model of the NKVD of the USSR. One of them had to deal directly with state security, and the creation of appropriate departments in the regions and districts. Transformations were also associated to the establishment of the Main Office for Combating Banditism and relevant departments and field offices. The essence of these changes has been analyzed; it has been demonstrated how new units of militia were created, in particular agencies on combating banditism. The data on the leadership of the NKVD of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and its regional departments have been systematized; the functions of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs, departments and divisions on combating banditism have been highlighted. The author believes that the intensification of attention on this issue was largely due to the mainstreaming the activities of the nationalist underground in Western Ukraine.

scholarly journals The circumstances of the origin and history of the development of the church schism of the Belarusian diaspora in the first half of the 1980s

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
Aliaxandr V. Slesarau
Keyword(s):  
Church Leadership ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Church Schism ◽  
First Time ◽  
Church Governance ◽  
The Church

The article describes the history of the origin and development of the intra-confessional conflict that engulfed the Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (BAOC) in the first half of the 1980s. For the first time, a conclusion is drawn regarding the decisive role of the ideological prerequisites for the emergence of a split, rooted in the difference in approaches to understanding the principles of church governance. If the highest church leadership was characterised by a commitment to the ideas of the key role of hierarchy (clericalism), then representatives of parishes and Belarusian sociopolitical organisations insisted on the obligation to implement the principle of collegiality. The conflict developed as a result of the structural and administrative division of the BAOC, mutual compromise of opponents, a significant reduction in the financial possibilities of parishes and the disintegration of the Belarusian diaspora. Unlike the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in exile, divided and weakened by internal contradictions, the BAOC was unable to expand its activities in Belarus in the late 1980s and 1990s.

Adam Zalužanský’s “De sexu plantarum” (1592): an early pioneering chapter on plant sexuality

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Funk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
History Of Botany ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Botanical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

In the history of botany, Adam Zalužanský (d. 1613), a Bohemian physician, apothecary, botanist and professor at the University of Prague, is a little-known personality. Linnaeus's first biographers, for example, only knew Zalužanský from hearsay and suspected he was a native of Poland. This ignorance still pervades botanical history. Zalužanský is mentioned only peripherally or not at all. As late as the nineteenth century, a researcher would be unaware that Zalužanský’s main work Methodi herbariae libri tres actually existed in two editions from two different publishers (1592, Prague; 1604, Frankfurt). This paper introduces the life and work of Zalužanský. Special attention is paid to the chapter “De sexu plantarum” of Zalužanský’s Methodus, in which, more than one hundred years before the well-known De sexu plantarum epistola of R. J. Camerarius, the sexuality of plants is suggested. Additionally, for the first time, an English translation of Zalužanský’s chapter on plant sexuality is provided.

A Confrontation between Two Doctrines: The Birth of Struggle for Hegemony in Hebrew Children's Literature during the 1930s and 1940s

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAEL DARR
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Literary Quality

This article describes a crucial and fundamental stage in the transformation of Hebrew children's literature, during the late 1930s and 1940s, from a single channel of expression to a multi-layered polyphony of models and voices. It claims that for the first time in the history of Hebrew children's literature there took place a doctrinal confrontation between two groups of taste-makers. The article outlines the pedagogical and ideological designs of traditionalist Zionist educators, and suggests how these were challenged by a group of prominent writers of adult poetry, members of the Modernist movement. These writers, it is argued, advocated autonomous literary creation, and insisted on a high level of literary quality. Their intervention not only dramatically changed the repertoire of Hebrew children's literature, but also the rules of literary discourse. The article suggests that, through the Modernists’ polemical efforts, Hebrew children's literature was able to free itself from its position as an apparatus controlled by the political-educational system and to become a dynamic and multi-layered field.

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