On Ilisha parthenogenetica, Southwell and Baini Prashad, 1918, from the Pyloric Caeca of a Fish, Hilsa ilisha (Ham. Buch.), and a Comparison with other Plerocercoid Larvae of Cestodes

In 1918 Southwell and Baini Prashad1 published a description of an unsegmented Cestode parasite—Ilisha parthenogenetica—which they discovered in the “mesentery” of the common edible Indian Shad, Hilsa ilisha. This minute parasite, according to these authors, “appears to be of very great systematic importance, and…further reproduces itself in a manner not before known amongst the Cestoda.” In justification of these general remarks, they make, among others, the following statements: (1) the parasite, though of the well-known Piestocystis larva type, becomes sexually mature and resides in a cyst formed from the tissues of the mesentery; (2) these cysts are so numerous in every individual fish examined that the mesentery becomes transformed into “a massive liver-like organ in which the various coils of the intestine appeared merely as tubes embedded therein”; (3) though two lateral main excretory canals are described, yet there is no terminal excretory aperture: the excretory system “is closed in all stages of [the parasite's] life-history”; (4) the whole of the parenchyma is “filled up with enormous numbers of minute egg-cells. Besides the eggs, morulae and other higher stages in the development of the young were also present in the intima.” In other words, the egg-cells “develop in the body of the parent to form young worms identical in structure and appearance with the parent”; (5) the young worms “escape through a temporary aperture which is formed in the middle of the rostellum, anteriorly,” and, when the old cyst has been ruptured, they become “scattered in the mesentery, the [new] cyst not having been secreted at this stage.”

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Memoirs: The Enteronephric Type of Nephridial System in the Genus Tonoscolex (Gates)

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.s2-82.327.443 ◽

1941 ◽

Vol s2-82 (327) ◽

pp. 443-466

Author(s):

KARM NARAYAN BAHL

Keyword(s):

Body Wall ◽

Intermediate Stage ◽

The Body ◽

Excretory System ◽

Excretory Canals

1. The ‘enteronephric’ type of nephridial system, previously described by the author in Pheretima, Lampito, and Woodwardiella (Nellogaster), has now been shown to characterize the genus Tonoscolex as well. It seems that this type of excretory system is widely distributed in the subfamily Megascolecinae. 2. The nephridia are of three kinds: the enteronephric septal nephridia, the exonephric integumentary nephridia, and the enteroriephric pharyngeal nephridia. There are twenty-four to thirty septal nephridia in each of those segments where they are best developed, these nephridia being much larger in size than the septal ruicronephridia of Pheretima. The pharyngeal nephridia form a cylindrical bunch around the oesophagus in the sixth segment and open into the pharynx in front by a large number of ducts. The integumentary nephridia are extremely minute and open singly on the body-wall. 3. The elaborate system of septal excretory canals and supraintestinal ducts characteristic of the septal nephridial systems of Pheretima, Lampito, and Woodwardiella, does not exist in Tonoscolex. The system in Tonoscolex is therefore much simpler and probably more primitive, and may represent an intermediate stage between the purely exonephric rneganephridia of Lumbricus and the elaborate enteronephric system of Pheretima, Lampito, and Woodwardiella.

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Life history and demographics of an island possum

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo05018 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 195 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Joanne L. Isaac

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Brushtail Possum ◽

Magnetic Island ◽

Live Trapping ◽

Demographic Traits ◽

Female Survival ◽

Weaning Age ◽

The Common ◽

Birth Peak ◽

Sexually Mature

Knowledge of life history and demography is essential for effective management of target species. Here, I describe life history and demographic traits of the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) on Magnetic Island, north Queensland. Data were collected during monthly live-trapping sessions over three years (2001–2004). Density was ~100% higher than reported in most Australian populations, at 5 possums per hectare; losses from the population were more than compensated for by births and immigration. Age-specific survival differed between the sexes: male survival declined earlier and faster than female survival. Males were significantly heavier than females as adults and sexual dimorphism appears to arise through a faster growth rate in males following weaning. Age at maturity in females varied from 1 to 3 years; 61% of females produced their first young at age 2. Males became sexually mature at age 3. Breeding was seasonal, with >50% births occurring in April–May; a smaller birth peak in spring was due to some females producing a second young after they had successfully weaned a first. The Magnetic Island possum population appears to be more similar to New Zealand populations, in terms of their life history and demographics, than to other previously studied mainland Australian populations.

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On the Excretory System and Life History of Lecithodendrium chilostomum (Mehl.) and other Bat Trematodes, with a Note on the Life History of Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Rudolphi)

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s003118200001951x ◽

1933 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 317-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

F. J. Brown

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Intermediate Host ◽

Life Histories ◽

Body Cavity ◽

The Body ◽

Excretory System ◽

Dicrocoelium Dendriticum ◽

Larval Host ◽

History Of ◽

Second Intermediate Host

1. The life history of Lecithodendrium chilostomum has been established; C. Lecithodendrii chilostomi penetrates a second intermediate host, the larva of Phryganea grandis, and unlike other stylet cercariae does not encyst, but feeds and grows in the host tissue as a mobile metacercaria. During pupation of the host in the following year these mobile forms migrate from the abdominal segments of the larva to the thorax, where they then encyst in the thoracic muscles in which they are also found in the imago. The largest metacercariae and the excysted worms are typical early adult Lecithodendrium chilostomum. No case of progenesis in the metacercaria was found.2. It is estimated that the maximum swarming of the cercariae probably occurs during July, when first penetration of the intermediate host takes place. Subsequent diminished swarming and penetration proceed until November. The life of the larval trematode as a mobile metacercaria is approximately 8 months; the imagines of Phryganea grandis emerge during May and June, the infective period for the final host.3. The metacercariae are not distributed throughout the body cavity of their larval host, but the majority are confined to the three posterior segments.4. Limnophilus rhombicus may also serve as a second intermediate host, but the infection is very light and the metacercariae do not encyst during pupation of this host.5. The excretory system has been determined in all stages of Lecithodendrium chilostomum; it is of the 2 (6 × 2) type. The occurrence of this type of system in other groups of cercariae is reviewed and since it is found in several widely separated families, it is suggested that its presence does not necessarily imply relationship, but is due to convergence.6. The life histories of the following bat trematodes are indicated: Lecitho-dendrium lagena, Plagiorchis vespertilionis and Crepidostomum moeticus.7. The life history of Dicrocoelium dendriticum is discussed.

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Ultrastructure of the basal body apparatus in epidermal cells of a sponge larva (Aplysilla SP: Demospongiae)

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010012504x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 928-929

Author(s):

R.L. Pinto ◽

R.M. Woollacott

Keyword(s):

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Basal Body ◽

Phosphate Buffer ◽

Similar Data ◽

Basal Apparatus ◽

Striated Rootlet ◽

The Common ◽

Basal Foot ◽

Sexually Mature

The basal body and its associated rootlet are the organelles responsible for anchoring the flagellum or cilium in the cytoplasm. Structurally, the common denominators of the basal apparatus are the basal body, a basal foot from which microtubules or microfilaments emanate, and a striated rootlet. A study of the basal apparatus from cells of the epidermis of a sponge larva was initiated to provide a comparison with similar data on adult sponges.Sexually mature colonies of Aplysillasp were collected from Keehi Lagoon Marina, Honolulu, Hawaii. Larvae were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 0.14 M NaCl in 0.2 M Millonig’s phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Specimens were postfixed in 1% OsO4 in 1.25% sodium bicarbonate (pH 7.2) and embedded in epoxy resin. The larva ofAplysilla sp was previously described (as Dendrilla cactus) based on live observations and SEM by Woollacott and Hadfield.

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The Common as Body Without Organs

Deleuze Studies ◽

10.3366/dls.2010.0205 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (supplement) ◽

pp. 46-63

Author(s):

Vidar Thorsteinsson

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Fundamental Importance ◽

Recent Book ◽

Social Production ◽

Deleuze And Guattari ◽

Political Thinking ◽

Conceptual Apparatus ◽

Body Without Organs ◽

Social Factory ◽

The Common

The paper explores the relation of Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri's work to that of Deleuze and Guattari. The main focus is on Hardt and Negri's concept of ‘the common’ as developed in their most recent book Commonwealth. It is argued that the common can complement what Nicholas Thoburn terms the ‘minor’ characteristics of Deleuze's political thinking while also surpassing certain limitations posed by Hardt and Negri's own previous emphasis on ‘autonomy-in-production’. With reference to Marx's notion of real subsumption and early workerism's social-factory thesis, the discussion circles around showing how a distinction between capital and the common can provide a basis for what Alberto Toscano calls ‘antagonistic separation’ from capital in a more effective way than can the classical capital–labour distinction. To this end, it is demonstrated how the common might benefit from being understood in light of Deleuze and Guattari's conceptual apparatus, with reference primarily to the ‘body without organs’ of Anti-Oedipus. It is argued that the common as body without organs, now understood as constituting its own ‘social production’ separate from the BwO of capital, can provide a new basis for antagonistic separation from capital. Of fundamental importance is how the common potentially invents a novel regime of qualitative valorisation, distinct from capital's limitation to quantity and scarcity.

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Our Bodies, Whose Property?

10.23943/princeton/9780691150864.001.0001 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anne Phillips

Keyword(s):

Labor Markets ◽

Personal Autonomy ◽

The Body ◽

Body Parts ◽

Complex Issue ◽

Human Organs ◽

Property Owners ◽

The Common ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right

No one wants to be treated like an object, regarded as an item of property, or put up for sale. Yet many people frame personal autonomy in terms of self-ownership, representing themselves as property owners with the right to do as they wish with their bodies. Others do not use the language of property, but are similarly insistent on the rights of free individuals to decide for themselves whether to engage in commercial transactions for sex, reproduction, or organ sales. Drawing on analyses of rape, surrogacy, and markets in human organs, this book challenges notions of freedom based on ownership of our bodies and argues against the normalization of markets in bodily services and parts. The book explores the risks associated with metaphors of property and the reasons why the commodification of the body remains problematic. The book asks what is wrong with thinking of oneself as the owner of one's body? What is wrong with making our bodies available for rent or sale? What, if anything, is the difference between markets in sex, reproduction, or human body parts, and the other markets we commonly applaud? The book contends that body markets occupy the outer edges of a continuum that is, in some way, a feature of all labor markets. But it also emphasizes that we all have bodies, and considers the implications of this otherwise banal fact for equality. Bodies remind us of shared vulnerability, alerting us to the common experience of living as embodied beings in the same world. Examining the complex issue of body exceptionalism, the book demonstrates that treating the body as property makes human equality harder to comprehend.

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Contributions to Management Strategies in the NE Atlantic Regarding the Life History and Population Structure of a Key Deep-Sea Fish (Mora moro)

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10060522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 522

Author(s):

Régis Santos ◽

Wendell Medeiros-Leal ◽

Osman Crespo ◽

Ana Novoa-Pabon ◽

Mário Pinho

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Life History ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Size Composition ◽

Large Size ◽

The Common ◽

Fishing Impacts ◽

Sea Fish

With the commercial fishery expansion to deeper waters, some vulnerable deep-sea species have been increasingly captured. To reduce the fishing impacts on these species, exploitation and management must be based on detailed and precise information about their biology. The common mora Mora moro has become the main deep-sea species caught by longliners in the Northeast Atlantic at depths between 600 and 1200 m. In the Azores, landings have more than doubled from the early 2000s to recent years. Despite its growing importance, its life history and population structure are poorly understood, and the current stock status has not been assessed. To better determine its distribution, biology, and long-term changes in abundance and size composition, this study analyzed a fishery-dependent and survey time series from the Azores. M. moro was found on mud and rock bottoms at depths below 300 m. A larger–deeper trend was observed, and females were larger and more abundant than males. The reproductive season took place from August to February. Abundance indices and mean sizes in the catch were marked by changes in fishing fleet operational behavior. M. moro is considered vulnerable to overfishing because it exhibits a long life span, a large size, slow growth, and a low natural mortality.

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The Word of God in One’s Hand: Touching and Holding Pendant Koran Manuscripts

Das Mittelalter ◽

10.1515/mial-2020-0041 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 338-357

Author(s):

Cornelius Berthold

Keyword(s):

Haptic Feedback ◽

The Body ◽

Word Of God ◽

Rare Occurrence ◽

Recent Scholarship ◽

Solid Objects ◽

Cylindrical Form ◽

The Common ◽

Common Era

AbstractKoran manuscripts that fit comfortably within the palm of one’s hand are known as early as the 10th century CE.For the sake of convenience, all dates will be given in the common era (CE) without further mention, and not in the Islamic or Hijra calendar. Their minute and sometimes barely legible script is clearly not intended for comfortable reading. Instead, recent scholarship suggests that the manuscripts were designed to be worn on the body like pendants or fastened to military flag poles. This is corroborated by some preserved cases for these books which feature lugs to attach a cord or chain, but also their rare occurrence in contemporary textual sources. While pendant Korans in rectangular codex form exist, the majority were produced as codices in the shape of an octagonal prism, and others as scrolls that could be rolled up into a cylindrical form. Both resemble the shapes of similarly dated and pre-Islamic amulets or amulet cases. Building on recent scholarship, I will argue in this article that miniature or pendant Koran manuscripts were produced in similar forms and sizes because of comparable modes of usage, but not necessarily by a deliberate imitation of their amuletic ‘predecessors’. The manuscripts’ main functions did not require them to be read or even opened; some of their cases were in fact riveted shut. Accordingly, the haptic feedback they gave to their owners when they carried or touched them was not one of regular books but one of solid objects (like amulets) or even jewellery, which then reinforced this practice.

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Excited delirium syndrome from psychostimulant abuse can mimic a violent scene of death

Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences ◽

10.1186/s41935-019-0173-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shatishraj Jothee ◽

Mohamed Swarhib Shafie ◽

Faridah Mohd Nor

Keyword(s):

Clinical Manifestations ◽

The Body ◽

Law Enforcement Agencies ◽

Manner Of Death ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Excited Delirium ◽

The Common ◽

Violent Scene ◽

Naked Body ◽

Psychostimulant Abuse

Abstract Background Previous reported cases on excited delirium syndrome studied on the common clinical manifestations of the syndrome. The usual forensics implication for the syndrome is that death commonly is associated with restraint procedures by law enforcement agencies; however, not many cases reported highlights the difficulties in attributing a violent scene of death to the syndrome. Case presentation We present a case of a partially naked body found in an apartment unit under suspicious circumstances with multiple injuries. The scene of death was violent, and the body was found with blood wiped all over the floor and walls. Investigators believed a violent crime had occurred, and a suspect was reprimanded. However, upon autopsy, it was found that all injuries were superficially inflicted and were unlikely to have been part of an act of commission or caused his death. Internal examination found no remarkable pathology. Toxicology revealed a presence of psychostimulants, that is, methamphetamine, MDMA, and ethyl alcohol. Reconstruction of events by the witness, who was initially suspected of the ‘murder’, revealed that the injuries and his death could likely be explained by an episode of excited delirium. Conclusion The case highlights the challenges faced when attributing excited delirium syndrome as a cause of death. The syndrome can present with injuries from aggressive or bizarre behaviour, coupled with the destruction of property, which may confuse investigators on the possible manner of death.

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