Life history and demographics of an island possum

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Magnetic Island ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Demographic Traits ◽  
Female Survival ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
The Common ◽  
Birth Peak ◽  
Sexually Mature

Knowledge of life history and demography is essential for effective management of target species. Here, I describe life history and demographic traits of the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) on Magnetic Island, north Queensland. Data were collected during monthly live-trapping sessions over three years (2001–2004). Density was ~100% higher than reported in most Australian populations, at 5 possums per hectare; losses from the population were more than compensated for by births and immigration. Age-specific survival differed between the sexes: male survival declined earlier and faster than female survival. Males were significantly heavier than females as adults and sexual dimorphism appears to arise through a faster growth rate in males following weaning. Age at maturity in females varied from 1 to 3 years; 61% of females produced their first young at age 2. Males became sexually mature at age 3. Breeding was seasonal, with >50% births occurring in April–May; a smaller birth peak in spring was due to some females producing a second young after they had successfully weaned a first. The Magnetic Island possum population appears to be more similar to New Zealand populations, in terms of their life history and demographics, than to other previously studied mainland Australian populations.

On Ilisha parthenogenetica, Southwell and Baini Prashad, 1918, from the Pyloric Caeca of a Fish, Hilsa ilisha (Ham. Buch.), and a Comparison with other Plerocercoid Larvae of Cestodes

Parasitology ◽  
1923 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. F. Woodland
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excretory System ◽  
Pyloric Caeca ◽  
Cestode Parasite ◽  
Individual Fish ◽  
The Common ◽  
Excretory Canals ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Systematic Importance

In 1918 Southwell and Baini Prashad1 published a description of an unsegmented Cestode parasite—Ilisha parthenogenetica—which they discovered in the “mesentery” of the common edible Indian Shad, Hilsa ilisha. This minute parasite, according to these authors, “appears to be of very great systematic importance, and…further reproduces itself in a manner not before known amongst the Cestoda.” In justification of these general remarks, they make, among others, the following statements: (1) the parasite, though of the well-known Piestocystis larva type, becomes sexually mature and resides in a cyst formed from the tissues of the mesentery; (2) these cysts are so numerous in every individual fish examined that the mesentery becomes transformed into “a massive liver-like organ in which the various coils of the intestine appeared merely as tubes embedded therein”; (3) though two lateral main excretory canals are described, yet there is no terminal excretory aperture: the excretory system “is closed in all stages of [the parasite's] life-history”; (4) the whole of the parenchyma is “filled up with enormous numbers of minute egg-cells. Besides the eggs, morulae and other higher stages in the development of the young were also present in the intima.” In other words, the egg-cells “develop in the body of the parent to form young worms identical in structure and appearance with the parent”; (5) the young worms “escape through a temporary aperture which is formed in the middle of the rostellum, anteriorly,” and, when the old cyst has been ruptured, they become “scattered in the mesentery, the [new] cyst not having been secreted at this stage.”

scholarly journals Evolution of Reproductive Life History in Mammals and the Associated Change of Functional Constraints

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Wu ◽  
Takahiro Yonezawa ◽  
Hirohisa Kishino
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Dietary Change ◽  
Functional Constraints ◽  
Seasonal Breeding ◽  
Breeding Behavior ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
The Common

Phylogenetic trees based on multiple genomic loci enable us to estimate the evolution of functional constraints that operate on genes based on lineage-specific fluctuation of the evolutionary rate at particular gene loci, “gene–branch interactions”. Using this information as predictors, our previous work inferred that the common ancestor of placental mammals was nocturnal, insectivorous, solitary, and bred seasonally. Here, we added seven new continuous traits including lifespan, bodyweight, and five reproduction-related traits and inferred the coevolution network of 14 core life history traits for 89 mammals. In this network, bodyweight and lifespan are not directly connected to each other; instead, their correlation is due to both of them coevolving with gestation period. Diurnal mammals are more likely to be monogamous than nocturnal mammals, while arboreal mammals tend to have a smaller litter size than terrestrial mammals. Coevolution between diet and the seasonal breeding behavior test shows that year-round breeding preceded the dietary change to omnivory, while seasonal breeding preceded the dietary change to carnivory. We also discuss the evolution of reproductive strategy of mammals. Genes selected as predictors were identified as well; for example, genes function as tumor suppressor were selected as predictors of weaning age.

Ultrastructure of the basal body apparatus in epidermal cells of a sponge larva (Aplysilla SP: Demospongiae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 928-929
Author(s):  
R.L. Pinto ◽  
R.M. Woollacott
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Basal Apparatus ◽  
Striated Rootlet ◽  
The Common ◽  
Basal Foot ◽  
Sexually Mature

The basal body and its associated rootlet are the organelles responsible for anchoring the flagellum or cilium in the cytoplasm. Structurally, the common denominators of the basal apparatus are the basal body, a basal foot from which microtubules or microfilaments emanate, and a striated rootlet. A study of the basal apparatus from cells of the epidermis of a sponge larva was initiated to provide a comparison with similar data on adult sponges.Sexually mature colonies of Aplysillasp were collected from Keehi Lagoon Marina, Honolulu, Hawaii. Larvae were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 0.14 M NaCl in 0.2 M Millonig’s phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Specimens were postfixed in 1% OsO4 in 1.25% sodium bicarbonate (pH 7.2) and embedded in epoxy resin. The larva ofAplysilla sp was previously described (as Dendrilla cactus) based on live observations and SEM by Woollacott and Hadfield.

scholarly journals Contributions to Management Strategies in the NE Atlantic Regarding the Life History and Population Structure of a Key Deep-Sea Fish (Mora moro)

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Régis Santos ◽  
Wendell Medeiros-Leal ◽  
Osman Crespo ◽  
Ana Novoa-Pabon ◽  
Mário Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Life History ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fishing Impacts ◽  
Sea Fish

With the commercial fishery expansion to deeper waters, some vulnerable deep-sea species have been increasingly captured. To reduce the fishing impacts on these species, exploitation and management must be based on detailed and precise information about their biology. The common mora Mora moro has become the main deep-sea species caught by longliners in the Northeast Atlantic at depths between 600 and 1200 m. In the Azores, landings have more than doubled from the early 2000s to recent years. Despite its growing importance, its life history and population structure are poorly understood, and the current stock status has not been assessed. To better determine its distribution, biology, and long-term changes in abundance and size composition, this study analyzed a fishery-dependent and survey time series from the Azores. M. moro was found on mud and rock bottoms at depths below 300 m. A larger–deeper trend was observed, and females were larger and more abundant than males. The reproductive season took place from August to February. Abundance indices and mean sizes in the catch were marked by changes in fishing fleet operational behavior. M. moro is considered vulnerable to overfishing because it exhibits a long life span, a large size, slow growth, and a low natural mortality.

Life History and Demography of the Common Mud Turtle Kinosternon Subrubrum in South Carolina, USA

Ecology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 2218-2231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nat B. Frazer ◽  
J. Whitfield Gibbons ◽  
Judith L. Greene
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Life History ◽  
Mud Turtle ◽  
The Common ◽  
Kinosternon Subrubrum

scholarly journals The life history of Hepatozoon leptodactyli (Lesage, 1908) Pessoa, 1970: a parasite of the common laboratory animal: the frog of the genus Leptodactylus

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvio Celso Goncalves da Costa ◽  
Samuel B. Pessoa ◽  
Neize de Moura Pereira ◽  
Tania Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Life History ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Laboratory

The main object of the present paper is to furnish a brief account to the knowledgement of Protozoa parasitic in common Brazilian frog of the genus Leptodactylus for general students in Zoology and for investigators that use this frog as a laboratory animal. Hepatozoon leptodactyli (Haemogregarina leptodactyli) was found in two species of frogs - Leptodactylus ocellatus and L. pentadactylus - in which develop schizogony whereas sporogony occurs in the leech Haementeria lutzi as was obtainded in experimental conditions. Intracellular forms have been found in peripheral circulation, chiefly in erythrocytes, but we have found them in leukocytes too. Tissue stages were found in frog, liver, lungs, spleen, gut, brain and heart. The occurence of hemogregarine in the Central Nervous System was recorded by Costa & al,(13) and Ball (2). Some cytochemical methods were employed in attempt to differentiate gametocytes from trophozoites in the peripheral blood and to characterize the cystic membrane as well. The speorogonic cycle was developed in only one specie of leech. A brief description of the parasite is given.

scholarly journals Vesicle-associated protein 1: a novel ovarian immunocontraceptive target in the common brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula

Reproduction ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nation ◽  
S Cui ◽  
L Selwood
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Exciting Potential ◽  
The Common ◽  
Immunological Research ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Estrous Cycling

Ovarian-based immunological research is currently restricted to proteins of the zona pellucida. This study examined the immunocontraceptive potential of a novel vesicle-associated protein, VAP1, previously isolated from the vesicle-rich hemisphere of the brushtail possum oocyte. Seven female possums were immunized against recombinant glutathione S-transferase-VAP1 fusion protein. Control animals (n=3) received antigen-free vaccinations. Following immunization, regular blood sampling determined the level and duration of immune response. Animals were monitored daily, pre- and post-immunization, to determine estrous cycling activity and the percentage of reproductive cycles yielding viable young. The reproductive tracts and somatic organs of VAP1-immunized (n=7), control-immunized (n=3) and non-immunized (n=5) animals were collected and examined by histology and transmission electron microscopy. VAP1 immunization caused a strong and sustained immune response. Elevated levels of VAP1 antibody binding were detected in sera following initial injections, and immune titers rose as boosters were administered. Immunization had no adverse effect upon animal behavior or body condition. Immunized females demonstrated no major change in annual estrous cycling activity; however, the percentage of reproductive cycles resulting in pouch young decreased significantly (P<0.05) by 40%. Histological and ultrastructural analyses revealed an abundance of lipid-like degradation bodies within the ooplasm of developing oocytes and the cytoplasm of failing uterine zygotes. Active macrophage invasion of enlarged endometrial glands was observed in the uteri of two females. Reproductive tract changes are discussed in relation to observed fertility decline. The results of this study indicate that VAP1 has exciting potential as an immunocontraceptive target for possum control in New Zealand.

scholarly journals Islamophobia The New Dimensions In 21st Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rani Erum
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Present State ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Human Psychology ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
The Common ◽  
Harmful Effects

Anti-Muslim emotions are not new for the world. It was present since the rise of Islam. West was furious after facing Muslims in battle ground and constantly defeated by those who were less equipped but obtained high morals. Initially they were frightened due to the novelty and unique approach of faith and its execution, therefore, they try to fabricate the original manuscripts, making false stories and molesting the last prophet’s life history. Islamophobia transformed after 9/11 and become more intensified and dangerous. It effected the common men worldwide without any boundaries. The respective research is based on the fact that hatred is the negative notion whether it related with nobility or wicked perception. It creates harmful effects on human psychology which subsequently created abusive mindset and actions. When any form of ideology identified as phobia means uncontrolled envy combine with the concept and turn it into a form of frenzied connotation. The fight between East and West was ancient which now convert among religions particularly Islam and others. The research is intend to provide the journey of anti-Islamism from past to present as well its significant elements and its present state. It also discusses the future prospects of clash of religions.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document