Minocycline in the chemotherapy of murine toxoplasmosis

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Tabbara ◽  
S. Sakuragi ◽  
G. R. O'connor
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Toxoplasmic Infection ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis

SUMMARYThe effects of minocycline alone or in combination with sulphadiazine were evaluated against acute murine toxoplasmosis and compared with the efficacy of pyrimethamine and sulphadiazine. The data presented show that mice could be protected from acute toxoplasmosis by minocycline, in spite of using a virulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii, a large inoculum, and a delay in the administration of the drug. Acute toxoplasmic infection in mice could be eradicated by a minocycline–sulphadiazine combination, which was found to be as effective as pyrimethamine–sulphadiazine combination therapy.

Chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii does not prevent acute disease after virulent strain reinfection in experimental mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Eman Gaballah ◽  
Aida Abdel-Magied ◽  
Nora Aboulfotouh ◽  
Goman Elganainy
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Acute Disease

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis among Myositis Patients in Southwest of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasem Saki ◽  
Karim Mowla ◽  
Reza Arjmand ◽  
Forough Kazemi ◽  
Somayeh Fallahizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

Introduction: Parasitic myositis is caused by some parasites such as T. gondii and T. canis. So, the aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence T. gondii and T. canis in patients with myositis and healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 108 samples were randomly selected as the control (54 healthy individuals) and test (54 myositis patients) groups. IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii and IgG antibodies against T. canis were measured by the ELISA. The detection of chronic and acute toxoplasmosis was performed by the ELISA IgG avidity. The presence of T. gondii in blood was evaluated by the nested-PCR. Results: Of 108, 33 (30.6%) cases were detected positive for IgG against T. gondii that 19 (35.2%) and 14 (25.9%) were observed in myositis patients and healthy individuals, respectively (P=0.296). Of 19 positive cases, 12 (63.2%) and 7 (36.8%) cases were detected as chronic and acute toxoplasmosis, respectively, while, all positive cases in the control group had chronic toxoplasmosis (P=0.013). One (1.9%) sample was detected positive for anti- Toxoplasma gondii IgM and two (3.7%) samples were found positive for IgG against T. canis by the ELISA that these positive cases were observed only in myositis patients (P=1.000 P=0.495, respectively). B1 T. gondii gene was amplified in 12 (63.2%) and 1 (7.1%) in myositis patients and healthy subjects (P=0.001). Conclusions: Our findings showed that there was a relatively high prevalence of acute toxoplasmosis in myositis patients in comparison with the control subjects in southwest of Iran.

scholarly journals Cervical Cat Scratch Disease Lymphadenitis in a Patient with Immunoglobulin M Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-498
Author(s):  
Mardjan Arvand ◽  
Ilkay Kazak ◽  
Sergije Jovanovic ◽  
Hans-Dieter Foss ◽  
Oliver Liesenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis

ABSTRACT We report on a young patient with chronic cervical lymphadenopathy and serological and histological evidence for infection with Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii. Serological follow-up studies, including testing for avidity of Toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies, assisted in the determination of the cause of the acute lymphadenitis. Our results suggest that the clinical symptoms were most likely due to cat scratch disease rather than to acute toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Toxoplasmosis Outbreak Associated With Toxoplasma gondii-Contaminated Venison—High Attack Rate, Unusual Clinical Presentation, and Atypical Genotype

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C Schumacher ◽  
Lina I Elbadawi ◽  
Traci DeSalvo ◽  
Anne Straily ◽  
Daniel Ajzenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Wisconsin Department ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Prior Infection

Abstract Background During 2017, in response to a physician’s report, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, began investigating an outbreak of febrile illness among attendees of a retreat where never frozen, intentionally undercooked, locally harvested venison was served. Preliminary testing tentatively identified the illness as toxoplasmosis. Methods Confirmatory human serology panels and testing of the venison to confirm and categorize the presence and type of Toxoplasma gondii were completed by French and American national reference laboratories. All 12 retreat attendees were interviewed; medical records were reviewed. Results All attendees were male; median age was 51 years (range: 22–75). After a median incubation period of 7 days, 9 (82%) of 11 exposed persons experienced illness lasting a median of 12 days. All 9 sought outpatient healthcare for symptoms including fever, chills, sweats, and headache (100%) and ocular disturbances (33%). Testing confirmed the illness as toxoplasmosis and venison as the infection source. Multiple laboratory results were atypical for toxoplasmosis, including transaminitis (86%), lymphocytopenia (88%), thrombocytopenia (38%), and leukopenia (63%). One exposed but asymptomatic person was seronegative; the other had immunity from prior infection. The T. gondii strain was identified as closely related to an atypical genotype (haplogroup 12, polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism genotype 5) common in North American wildlife but with previously uncharacterized human clinical manifestations. Conclusions The T. gondii strain contaminating the venison might explain the unusual clinical presentations. In North America, clinicians and venison consumers should be aware of risk for severe or unusual presentations of acute toxoplasmosis after consuming undercooked game meat.

scholarly journals Histopathological analysis of the reproductive system of male dogs experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 2123-2127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Pereira Arantes ◽  
Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes ◽  
Roberta Machado Ferreira ◽  
Juliana de Souza Pinto Pieroni ◽  
Vanessa Marigo Rocha Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Toxoplasmic Infection ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Histopathological Results

The present research aimed to describe possible histopathological alterations in the reproductive system (testicles and epididymis) of male dogs experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Canines (n=10) serologically negative for T. gondii were selected and distributed into three experimental groups: GI, 3 inoculated with 2.0 x 10(5)P strain oocysts; GII, 3 infected with 1.0 x 10(6)RH strain tachyzoites; and GIII, 4 control dogs. Antibody research (IFAT) against T. gondii was realized. Toxoplasma gondii infection was confirmed by seroconversion of the 6 males infected with tachyzoites and oocysts from postinoculation day (PID) 7 and 14, respectively. At PID 70, all dogs were submitted to orchiectomy and testicle and epididymis samples were collected and histologically processed for examination under optical microscope. The following alterations were diagnosed: mild and moderate mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in the epididymis, moderate cellular edema, hydropic degeneration and moderate interstitial fibrosis in seminiferous tubules. The histopathological results in the present research, isolation of T. gondii in testicle and epididymis fragments by immunohistochemistry and results from the literature by other authors in different tissues, all infer that the alterations observed in dogs infected with T. gondii are suggestive of toxoplasmic infection.

scholarly journals Partially Protective Vaccination Permits the Development of Latency in a Normally Virulent Strain of Toxoplasma gondii

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 4382-4388 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Yap ◽  
Tanya Scharton-Kersten ◽  
David J. P. Ferguson ◽  
Dan Howe ◽  
Yasuhiro Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Lethal Challenge ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Antigen Preparation ◽  
Internal Parasite

ABSTRACT The virulent RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii is acutely lethal in mice and fails to establish chronic infection. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with a soluble tachyzoite antigen preparation, STAg, in combination with the immunostimulatory cytokine interleukin-12 results in partial protection against RH lethal challenge. Nevertheless, brain tissue obtained from surviving, vaccinated mice as late as 1 year after RH infection contained latent parasite forms as demonstrated by subinoculation into naive recipients. The tachyzoites arising in the subinoculated animals were genetically indistinguishable from the original RH inoculum. Microscopic examination revealed that the persistent parasite forms present in the brains of vaccinated and challenged mice have a tissue cyst-like morphology and express the bradyzoite antigen BAG-1 but not the tachyzoite-specific antigen SAG-2 but are different from the cysts formed by avirulent T. gondii strains in that the internal parasite stages display ultrastructural features intermediate between tachyzoites and bradyzoites. Moreover, the zoites within the RH tissue cysts are clearly distinct from conventional bradyzoites in their sensitivity to pepsin-HCl digestion. In contrast to the observations made with partially resistant STAg/interleukin-12-vaccinated animals, no latent forms could be detected in brain tissue after RH challenge of mice immunized with a live attenuated tachyzoite vaccine which confers total protection against this parasite isolate. The above findings demonstrate the potential of a virulent T. gondii strain to generate latent parasite stages, a process which may be promoted under conditions of incomplete vaccination.

scholarly journals Evaluation of vertical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in Calomys callosus model after reinfection with heterologous and virulent strain

Placenta ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S. Franco ◽  
D.A.O. Silva ◽  
I.N. Costa ◽  
A.O. Gomes ◽  
A.L.N. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Calomys Callosus

scholarly journals Evolution of IgG antibody response against Toxoplasma gondii tissue cyst in acute and chronic human infections

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita VILLAVEDRA ◽  
Hernán CAROL ◽  
Alberto NIETO
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Tissue Cyst ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Toxoplasmic Infection ◽  
Human Infections

The recognition profile of the tissue cysts antigens by IgG antibodies was studied during acute and chronic human toxoplasmic infection. Thus the IgG response against Toxoplasma gondii was investigated by immunoblotting in two patients accidentally infected with the RH strain as well as in group of naturally infected patients at acute and chronic phase. There was an overall coincidence of molecular mass among antigens of tachyzoites and tissue cysts recognized by these sera, however, they appear not to be the same molecules. The response against tissue cysts starts early during acute infection, and the reactivity of antibodies is strong against a wide range of antigens. Six bands (between 82 and 151 kDa) were exclusively recognized by chronic phase sera but only the 132 kDa band was positive in more than 50% of the sera analysed. A mixture of these antigens could be used to discriminate between the two infection phases. The most important antigens recognized by the acute and the chronic phase sera were 4 clusters in the ranges 20-24 kDa, 34-39 kDa, 58-80 kDa and 105-130 kDa as well as two additional antigens of 18 and 29 kDa. Both accidentally infected patients and some of the naturally infected patients showed a weak specific response against tissue cyst antigens.

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