Pairing and aggregation of Amblosoma suwaense (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) metacercariae in vitro and partial characterization of lipids involved in chemo-attraction

Parasitology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fried ◽  
G. A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Sterol Ester ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Free Sterols ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Oil Red O

SUMMARYHistochemical and thin-layer chromatographic (t.l.c.) analyses were made on neutral lipids in the free (unencysted) metacercariae of Amblosoma suwaense (Brachylaimidae). As determined by t.l.c. the major neutral lipid fractions in metacercariae removed directly from Campeloma decisum snails were free sterols and sterol esters. Metacercariae incubated for 1 h at 37±1° C in sterile Locke's solution released mainly sterol esters and a lesser amount of free sterols into the medium. As determined by Oil Red O (ORO) staining, metacercariae accumulated neutral lipid in the intestinal caeca during incubation and the excretory system was ORO negative. Behavioural studies showed that metacereariae paired and aggregated in vitro and were attracted to lipophilic but not to hydrophilic worm products. Following t.l.c. preparative analysis it was demonstrated that metacercariae were attracted to sterol ester worm products but not to free sterol products.

scholarly journals Influence of diets containing different natural oils on the incorporation of [1-14C]acetate in the various lipid fractions of rat liver

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. M. Bhattathiry
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Stock Diet ◽  
Natural Oils ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Normal Stock

1. A comparative study was undertaken with rats on the effect of various diets (normal stock, fat-free, palm oil and olive oil) on the in vitro incorporation of [14C]acetate by the liver into cholesterol and into the fatty acids of phospholipids and neutral fats. 2. The total lipids extracted from the incubation mixtures were fractionated into acetone-precipitable and digi- tonin-precipitable portions and also into the fatty acids of neutral lipids. 3. The incorporation of [14C]acetate into the acetone-precipitable fraction and into fatty acids of neutral fats was greatest in livers of rats given the fat-free diet, followed by those of the groups given olive oil, the normal stock diet, and palm oil. Livers from the group given the fat-free diet also exhibited the highest percentage of 14C activity in the digitonin-precipitable fraction and were closely followed by the group on the normal stock diet. Compared with those of the other two groups, the livers of the groups given olive oil and palm oil showed much less activity in the digitonin- precipitable fraction. 4. The greater the amount of a specific type of fatty acid in the diet, the less was the 14C activity incorporated into that type of fattyacid in the ncutral fats of liver slices, hut this was not so with the fatty acids obtained froin the acetone-precipitahlc fraction of the lipids.

scholarly journals YPR139c/LOA1encodes a novel lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase associated with lipid droplets and involved in TAG homeostasis

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Ayciriex ◽  
Marina Le Guédard ◽  
Nadine Camougrand ◽  
Gisèle Velours ◽  
Mario Schoene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lysophosphatidic Acid ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Metabolic Labeling ◽  
Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase ◽  
Escherichia Coli Cells ◽  
Type Strains

For many years, lipid droplets (LDs) were considered to be an inert store of lipids. However, recent data showed that LDs are dynamic organelles playing an important role in storage and mobilization of neutral lipids. In this paper, we report the characterization of LOA1 (alias VPS66, alias YPR139c), a yeast member of the glycerolipid acyltransferase family. LOA1 mutants show abnormalities in LD morphology. As previously reported, cells lacking LOA1 contain more LDs. Conversely, we showed that overexpression results in fewer LDs. We then compared the lipidome of loa1Δ mutant and wild-type strains. Steady-state metabolic labeling of loa1Δ revealed a significant reduction in triacylglycerol content, while phospholipid (PL) composition remained unchanged. Interestingly, lipidomic analysis indicates that both PLs and glycerolipids are qualitatively affected by the mutation, suggesting that Loa1p is a lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPA AT) with a preference for oleoyl-CoA. This hypothesis was tested by in vitro assays using both membranes of Escherichia coli cells expressing LOA1 and purified proteins as enzyme sources. Our results from purification of subcellular compartments and proteomic studies show that Loa1p is associated with LD and active in this compartment. Loa1p is therefore a novel LPA AT and plays a role in LD formation.

scholarly journals Lipid Composition of the Hazelnut (Corylus Pontica C. Koch.) Cv. Ata Baba Grown in Bulgaria

1970 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana MOMCHILOVA ◽  
Magdalena NIKOLOVA ◽  
Ivalina KUZMANOVA ◽  
Diana NEDELCHEVA ◽  
Ilko MAREKOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Hazelnut Oil ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Free Sterols ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Hazelnut (Corylus Pontica C. Koch.) cultivar Ata Baba grown in Bulgaria (harvest year 2009) has been investigated about neutral lipid classes, their fatty acid composition and the triacylglycerol species. Fat content of the oil (66.2%) was determined gravimetrically after extraction of dry kernels in Soxhlet apparatus (6 h with hexane). On the other hand, fresh kernels were treated firstly with iso-propanol and then extracted by chloroform-methanol (2:1) mixture (Christie, 1993) in order to obtain hazelnut oil for analyses of lipids. The neutral lipid classes were separated by thin layer chromatography (silica gel G plates, developed with hexane-acetone, 10:1 v/v), identified towards a standard mixture, isolated and weighed. It was established that the hazelnut cultivar Ata Baba contained polar lipids (0.6%), diacylglycerols (0.9%), sterols (0.9%), unidentified lipid zone X (0.8%), triacylglycerols (96.1%) and sterol esters (0.7%). Each of these classes (excepting free sterols) was transmethylated according to Christie (2003) and the methyl esters were analysed by gas chromatography

Starvation-induced lipid reserve depletion in Pratylenchus brachyurus leads to decreased infectivity in maize roots

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Paula S. Alves ◽  
Willian C. Terra ◽  
Giselle B. Pinto ◽  
Paulo V.M. Pacheco ◽  
Bárbhara J.R. Fatobene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Neutral Lipid Content ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Waiting Periods ◽  
Oil Red O

Summary Nematode body neutral lipid (triacylglycerol) content has been related to infectivity and has direct implications in control strategies. In this study, Pratylenchus brachyurus populations were split into two groups: i) freshly hatched second-stage juveniles (J2) containing lipids stored during embryogenesis; ii) third- and fourth-stage juveniles (J3/J4) plus females that replenished their lipid reserves by feeding on maize (Zea mays) roots. These groups were subjected to starvation to study their lipid consumption dynamics by staining with Oil Red O, which binds specifically to neutral lipids. Before starvation, freshly hatched J2 had 27% of their body area stained, whereas J3/J4 and females had 75%. Freshly hatched J2 starved for 28 days at 25°C in water lost 63.8% of the original neutral lipid content, which caused a reduction of 91% of infectivity in maize roots. By contrast, J3/J4 and females exposed to the same conditions lost 56.7% of the original neutral lipid content, which resulted in less than 50% reduction in infectivity. During the period of food deprivation, J2 had a mean daily neutral lipid consumption rate of 0.63% and the other infectious stages (J3/J4 and females) had a mean daily neutral lipid consumption rate of 1.46% per day. This study adds information on the dynamics of lipid utilisation that supports the use of longer waiting periods for planting crops after fallow in soils infested with P. brachyurus as compared to Meloidogyne spp.-infested soils.

scholarly journals Married at Birth: Regulation of Cellular Fat Metabolism by ER–Lipid Droplet Crosstalk

Contact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 251525642093467
Author(s):  
Zhe Cao ◽  
Ho Yi Mak
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Acid Modification

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a hub that coordinates neutral lipid synthesis, storage, and export. To fulfill this role, the ER maintains close contact with lipid droplets (LDs), which are evolutionarily conserved organelles for the storage of neutral lipids. Decades of biochemical evidence points to fatty acid modification and neutral lipid synthesis in the ER. Conceptually, lipid export into extracellular space or lipid retention intracellularly require the subsequent remodeling of an ER membrane leaflet that faces the lumen or cytoplasm, respectively. This is because LDs and very-low-density lipoprotein particles are all structures surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. While the export of neutral lipids via very-low-density lipoprotein production is well characterized, there has been increasing interest in the mechanisms that underlie neutral lipid retention in LDs. Structural determination, in vitro reconstitution, and localization of key proteins by advanced microscopy techniques collectively enrich models of ER-LD engagement. In this review, we consider current concepts on how LDs emerge from the ER in a directional manner and how sustained ER-LD contacts support LD expansion.

scholarly journals Impact of Antiandrogen Treatment on the Fatty Acid Profile of Neutral Lipids in Human Meibomian Gland Secretions1

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 4866-4873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Sullivan ◽  
James E. Evans ◽  
Kathleen L. Krenzer ◽  
M. Reza Dana ◽  
David A. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Antiandrogen Therapy ◽  
Very High

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of antiandrogen medications is associated with significant alterations in the fatty acid (FA) profiles of neutral lipids in human meibomian gland secretions. Meibomian gland secretions were obtained from both eyes of patients receiving antiandrogen therapy and from age-related controls. Samples were processed for high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and an evaluation of the mass/charge ratios of neutral lipid FA. Our results demonstrate that antiandrogen therapy is associated with significant and consistent alterations in the mass/charge ratios of neutral lipid fractions of meibomian gland secretions. Patients taking antiandrogen medications had significant changes in the occurrence of numerous diglyceride, triglyceride, and wax/cholesterol ester FA products, compared with age-matched controls. Statistical analyses of data within groups demonstrated very high correlation coefficients, and cross-correlation analyses revealed characteristic shifts in FA patterns between groups. Our findings show that antiandrogen use is paralleled by significant changes in the FA profiles of neutral lipid fractions in meibomian gland secretions.

Isolation and characterization of a mucosal triacylglycerol pool undergoing hydrolysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (6) ◽  
pp. G871-G878 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Tipton ◽  
S. Frase ◽  
C. M. Mansbach
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Sucrose Density Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Centrifuge Tube

Absorbed and processed mucosal neutral lipid has been shown to be composed of at least two pools of triacylglycerol. One is likely to subserve chylomicron formation, and the other appears to be transported from the intestine via a nonlymphatic route. In the present study, 50 +/- 5% of the mucosal lipid pellets was centrifuged at 75,000 g.min [low-speed pellet (LSP)]. Discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation of LSP showed that 61 +/- 7% of the lipid banded at the 0.25-0.86 M sucrose interface. Neutral lipid analysis showed that this subfraction was only 58% triacylglycerol, suggesting it was undergoing hydrolysis. Active lipolytic activity in vitro was found on incubation. The lipase had an alkaline pH optimum (pH 8.5) and persisted despite pancreatic ductular diversion. Lipolysis in vivo in a LSP fraction was shown by infusing [14C]glyceryltrioleate for 3.5 h followed by [3H]glyceryltrioleate for 30 min. Discontinuous sucrose density centrifugation of the LSP followed by an analysis of the lipids at the 0.25-0.86 M sucrose interface showed that 14C-neutral lipids were only 70 +/- 6% triacylglycerol, whereas 3H-neutral lipids were 88 +/- 2% triacylglycerol. 3H entered LSP slowly compared with the floating lipid in the same centrifuge tube. These studies suggest both in vivo and in vitro mucosal lipolysis by a specific, alkaline-active lipase. The turnover rate of LSP is likely to be slow by comparison with neutral lipid floating to the top of the centrifuge tube.

Composition and Distribution of Lipids in Tissues of Bogue (Boops boops)

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 562-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassihos M. Kapoulas ◽  
Sofia Miniadis-Meimaroglou
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Glyceryl Ether ◽  
Fatty Alcohols ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Triglyceride Fraction ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Boops Boops

Abstract Total lipids from liver, head, skin and muscle of Bogue were separately isolated and their composition was investigated by a combination of analytical determinations, and column and thin layer chromatography. The major components of the neutral lipid fractions from all tissues studied were triglycerides, followed by cholesterol. The triglyceride fraction of skin and head contains significant amounts of glyceryl ether analogs. Low contents of free fatty alcohols were also identified, decreasing in the order: head, muscle, skin and liver. The major components of all phospholipid fractions was phosphatidylcholine (viz. 36-59% of total phospholipids) followed by phosphatidylethanolamine (viz. 23-34% of total phos­ pholipids). Low amounts of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine were also identified in all cases. All the tissues studied were found to contain plasmalogens, as well as glyceryl ether analogs in both, the depot fats and the phospholipid fractions.

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