Entamoeba histolyticainfection in humans, chimpanzees and baboons in the Greater Gombe Ecosystem, Tanzania

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 1116-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Deere ◽  
Michele B. Parsons ◽  
Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf ◽  
Iddi Lipende ◽  
Shadrack Kamenya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Zoonotic Parasite ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Sympatric Primates

AbstractEntamoeba histolyticais an enteric parasite that infects approximately 50 million people worldwide. AlthoughE. histolyticais a zoonotic parasite that has the potential to infect nonhuman primates, such transmission is poorly understood. Consequently, this study examined whetherE. histolyticais present among humans, chimpanzees and baboons living in the Greater Gombe Ecosystem (GGE), Tanzania. The primary aims were to determine patterns ofE. histolyticainfection in a system with human-nonhuman primate overlap and to test associations between infection status and potential risk factors of disease.Entamoebaspp. occurred in 60.3% of human, 65.6% of chimpanzee and 88.6% of baboon samples.Entamoeba histolyticaoccurred in 12.1% of human, 34.1% of chimpanzee and 10.9% of baboon samples. HumanE. histolyticainfection was associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. This was the first study to confirm the presence ofE. histolyticain the GGE. The high sample prevalence ofE. histolyticain three sympatric primates suggests that zoonotic transmission is possible and stresses the need for further phylogenetic studies. Interventions targeting better sanitation and hygiene practices for humans living in the GGE can help preventE. histolyticainfection in humans, while also protecting the endangered chimpanzees and other primates in this region.

scholarly journals Childhood Malnutrition and the Association with Diarrhea, Water supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Practices in Kersa and Omo Nada Districts of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117863022199963
Author(s):  
Negasa Eshete Soboksa ◽  
Sirak Robele Gari ◽  
Abebe Beyene Hailu ◽  
Bezatu Mengistie Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Jimma Zone ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Critical Times

Background: Inadequate water supply, sanitation, hygiene practices, and diarrhea are related to malnutrition, but there is limited evidence in Ethiopia about their association. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe childhood malnutrition and the association with diarrhea, water supply, sanitation and hygiene practices. Methods: A case-control study design was performed from December 2018 to January 2019 in Kersa and Omo Nada districts of the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Both children aged 6 to 59 months were chosen randomly from malnourished and well-nourished children in 128 cases and 256 controls, respectively. Bodyweight, length/height, mid-upper arm circumference, and presence of edema of the children were measured according to the WHO references. Then, the nutritional status of the children was identified as a case or control using the cutoff points recommended by the WHO. To see the association-dependent and independent variables, logistic regression analysis was used. Results: A total of 378 children were included in this study (98.44%). Malnutrition was significantly increased among children who delayed breastfeeding initiation(AOR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.62-6.00), had diarrhea (AOR = 9.22; 95% CI: 5.25-16.20), were living in households indexed as the poorest (AOR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.12-5.62), defecated in a pit latrine without slab/open pit (AOR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.17-5.30), collecting drinking water from less than/equal to 1 km distance (AOR = 4.77; 95% CI: 1.01-22.71) and sometimes practiced hand washing at the critical times (AOR = 2.58; 95% CI: 1.16-5.74) compared with their counterparts. However, lactating during the survey (AOR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.18-0.67), water collection from unprotected sources (AOR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.05-0.95) and collection and disposal of under-5 children feces elsewhere (AOR = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01-0.49) significantly reduced the likelihood of malnutrition. Conclusions: Early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding, diarrhea prevention, and the use of improved latrine and handwashing practices at critical times could be important variables to improve the nutritional status of children.

scholarly journals Sustainability of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions in Central America

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel I. Sabogal ◽  
Elizabeth Medlin ◽  
Gonzalo Aquino ◽  
Richard J. Gelting
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
American Red Cross ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Access To Water

The American Red Cross and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collaborated on a sustainability evaluation of post-hurricane water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions in Central America. In 2006 and 2009, we revisited six study areas in rural El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua to assess sustainability of WASH interventions finalized in 2002, after 1998's Hurricane Mitch. We used surveys to collect data, calculate indicators and identify factors that influence sustainability. Regional sustainability indicator results showed there was a statistically significant decline in access to water. The presence of sanitation facilities had not changed since the beginning of the project; however, maintenance and use of latrines declined but continued to meet the goal of 75% use after 7 years. The hygiene indicator, hand washing, initially declined and then increased. Declines in water access were due to operational problems related to storm events and population changes. Sanitation facilities were still present and sometimes used even though they reached or surpassed their original design life. Changes in hygiene practices appeared related to ongoing hygiene promotion from outside organizations. These results provide useful input for making WASH programs more sustainable and informing future, more in-depth research into factors influencing sustainability.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Stunting among 6-59 Months Children and its Association with Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practice in Urban Slums of Kathmandu, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Sarswoti Singh ◽  
Nil P Dhital ◽  
Rajan Paudel ◽  
Dipak K Sah ◽  
Arjun Hamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Critical Public Health ◽  
Childhood Stunting ◽  
Purification Of Water

Introduction Childhood malnutrition is a critical public health concern in Nepal. Slums are supposed to have poor water, sanitation and hygiene practices. This study has aimed to examine association between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) variables and stunting among 6 to 59 months children of slums of Kathmandu metropolitan city. MethodsDescriptive cross-sectional study design was employed where 335 households were included in the study. Data were collected using standard questionnaire and observation checklist. Weight and height of children were taken using seca digital weighing scale and wooden height board of UNICEF respectively. Anthropometric analysis was done using WHO Anthro version 3.2.2 software and other statistical analysis was conducted using SPSSversion 22 software. ResultsThe prevalence of stunting was 23%. Four out of five household (80%) in slum used to drink water from unimproved source. Absence of handwashing station (AOR=2.109, 95% CI:1.05-3.27) and absence of water storage covering (AOR=2.46, 95% CI: 1.16–5.23) were found to be significantly contributing to stunting status. ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of good WASH practices, and the potential of WASH interventions, to contribute for the improved childhood stunting living in urban slums in Nepal. Also, the findings recommend the need of strategies on purification of water, improvement of toilets, behaviour change and awareness related activities to improve the stunting among children.

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) and the Incidence and Prevalence of Children in Five Public Primary Schools in N'Zerekore, Guinea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alseny Bah ◽  
Alhassanel Diallo ◽  
Alhassane Bah ◽  
Feihu Li
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
School Health ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Behavioral Determinants ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
School Health Education ◽  
Out Of School

Abstract Background: In Guinea, the incidence and prevalence of children in public primary schools to common disease, e.g., diarrhoeal, malaria, fever, etc. remained pretty high mainly because of the poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions and practices. We aimed to evaluate the impacts of WASH conditions in and out of school, health education programs, and the behavioral determinants of pupils on the incidence and prevalence of children. Methods: A questionnaire was designed to collect necessary information on current hygiene conditions of all the studied primary schools, the WASH practices in and out of schools, and the incidence and prevalence of these pupils. The data were collected via a survey of the pupils (n = 1048) from five public primary schools in the center of the city of N’Zerekore, Guinea between December 2018 and May 2019. Using a social survey (questionnaire survey), face-to-face interviews with the headmasters and the teachers of several selected schools, data collection was based on students' knowledge of hygiene practices associated with WASH, hand washing situations in and out of school.Results: It reveals that the WASH conditions in all five schools are inadequate. The water access and quality in four schools over all the five schools are greatly limited by the boreholes or unprotected dug wells. The scarcity of essential hygiene kits, especially in the latrines, disinclined the pupils to use the toilets in schools. The WASH and health educations are also invalid in all schools, and therefore the pupils were ineffectively influenced to change their unhealthy WASH behaviors. Our data indicated that 100% (n = 1048) of pupils don’t wash their hands with soap after defecation in school, and over 87.9% (n = 922) of students don’t wash hands before eating. All the above determinants result in a high incidence and prevalence of children among these pupils, including malaria, typhoid, diarrhea, etc.Conclusion: To improve the WASH conditions and to change the pupils’ unhealthy behaviors in the long term, some effective interventions including the provision of clean water and sanitation and hygiene infrastructure, as well as widespread and effective health education should be implemented.

scholarly journals Water, sanitation and hygiene practices in early childhood development (ECD) centres in low socio-economic areas in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Melariri ◽  
Liana Steenkamp ◽  
Margaret Williams ◽  
Chwayita Mtembu ◽  
Jessica Ronaasen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Nelson Mandela ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are vital indicators to healthy living and safe environments for child development. The aim of the study was to determine WASH status and practices in ECD centres located in low socio-economic areas of Nelson Mandela Bay during 2017. This cross-sectional study elicited responses from 46 ECD centres which had a total of 3,254 children and 172 caregivers. A structured questionnaire and visual observation were used. Using core WASH in schools' indicators (WinS) showed that despite improved water sources being available in 91% of the facilities, WinS for hygiene was poor. The study observed that 57% of the respondents had improved toilets accommodating both genders. In 29% of ECD centres, 6–10 children make use of a ‘pottie’ while in 9% of the cases, more than 20 children make use of one ‘pottie’. The use of the bucket system was noted in 22% of the ECD centres. In 79% of the ECD centres, children wash their hands in a communal plastic bowl. Only 11% of the study population washed hands hygienically under a running tap or tippy tap. WASH conditions in the ECD centres in the study area require urgent attention and further investigation for practical solutions. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

scholarly journals Knowledge and perception of the role of water, sanitation and hygiene in containment of Ebola virus disease among secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-643
Author(s):  
Faith I. Edoror ◽  
Elizabeth O. Oloruntoba ◽  
Shade J. Akinsete
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
School Students ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Abstract This study assessed the knowledge and perception of the role of water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in the containment of Ebola virus disease (EVD) among secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study of 420 students from eight schools (public and private) in Ibadan was conducted. A semi-structured questionnaire and an observational checklist were used to collect data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and logistic regression at 5% level of significance. Overall, 60% reported EVD was airborne. A majority (71%) of the respondents had good knowledge of EVD, while a majority (92%) had a good perception of the role of WASH in EVD containment. Class of respondents was significantly (p = 0.045) associated with knowledge of WASH. Although schools had satisfactory sanitary facilities, only a few (21%) sustained good hygiene practices at the end of the Ebola outbreak in Nigeria. Our findings revealed suboptimal knowledge on transmission of EVD, and unsustainable hygiene practices among secondary students post-Nigeria's EVD outbreak. High priority should be given to hygiene education among educators and students. Implementation of monitoring and evaluation of hygiene behaviour among secondary school students should also be a priority.

scholarly journals Processing plant and machinery sanitation and hygiene practices associate with Listeria monocytogenes occurrence in ready-to-eat fish products

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariella Aalto-Araneda ◽  
Janne Lundén ◽  
Annukka Markkula ◽  
Satu Hakola ◽  
Hannu Korkeala
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document