Psychiatric symptoms and related factors in a sample of Japanese workers

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Iwata ◽  
Yuko Okuyama ◽  
Yoshikazu Kawakami ◽  
Kazuo Saito
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Japanese Workers

SynopsisA survey was conducted to investigate the presence of psychiatric symptoms and associated factors affecting psychiatric impairment among 2190 Japanese tax workers. The Japanese translated version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was used as a measure of psychiatric symptomatology. Several sociodemographic and psychosocial factors (interpersonal factors and perceived stress) were examined as being related to psychiatric impairment. As with all other language versions, the percentage distribution of the GHQ scores was considerably skewed. Females exhibited more psychiatric symptoms than males. No significant differences were found among four age-groups for both sexes. Perceived stress related to the workplace was correlated more with psychiatric impairment than with other psychosocial factors. It was also observed that the ‘long-distance marriage’ (‘business bachelorhood’) peculiar to Japanese occupations had little influence on the impairment levels.

Prevalence and Correlates of Nonpsychotic Psychiatric Symptoms in the General Population

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl D'Arcy
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
General Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Symptom Reporting ◽  
General Decline

This paper reports on the results of a large scale mail questionnaire survey of the prevalence, as well as some social/psychological correlates, of nonpsychotic psychiatric symptoms in the general population of the Province of Saskatchewan. The level of nonpsychotic psychiatric symptoms was measured using the 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) developed by Goldberg. The respondent group (2000+, 53% of the available sample) was reasonably representative of the provincial population and forms a good basis for generalization. Data analysis shows that women report a higher level of symptoms than men. There were also significant age variations:for women there was a general decline in mean scores from younger to older age categories with the possible exception of the oldest age group, over 70, in which we see a slight increase; for men, there was a pronounced U-shaped distribution with both younger and older age groups exhibiting high levels of symptomatology. In addition to age and sex, general health, relationships with spouse and others, and a sense of control over one's life experiences were found to be correlated with symptom reporting, underscoring the negative effects of ill health and the inequities in social systems as well as the positive value of good interpersonal relationships. Saskatchewan symptom reporting levels were found to be similar to those reported in Australian and British population samples. These other studies also showed higher levels of symptom reporting infernales than in males. The GHQ data were also factor analyzed to reveal sets or clusters of symptoms. The analysis showed that “anxiety” and “depression” were the major dimensions of the GHQ lending credence to the suggestion that psychiatric screening scales tend to measure “de-morale-ization,” that is, anxiety, sadness, helplessness/hopelessness and a lack of self-esteem.

scholarly journals Which dimensions of food-related lifestyle are likely to be associated with obesity in Italy?

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Saba ◽  
Elena Cupellaro ◽  
Marco Vassallo
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Information Measures ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Food Shopping

AbstractObjectiveTo compare obesev. non-obese consumers in terms of their general food-related lifestyles and to explore possible food-related factors affecting obesity in Italy.DesignThe data were collected using a self-completion questionnaire. Data included sociodemographic information, measures of the Food-Related Lifestyle scale (FRL) and self-reported weight and height. A logistic regression model was fitted for the sample with obesity as the dependent variable and sociodemographic characteristics and FRL dimensions as the independent variables.SettingThe survey was carried out in Italy between October and November 2010.SubjectsOne thousand respondents were recruited with equal quotas for menv. women. The sample was representative of the Italian population in term of age groups and geographic areas. The participants were over 18 years of age and were solely or jointly responsible for the family's food shopping.ResultsOur analyses revealed that sociodemographic, economic and cultural variables affect the increasing rate of obesity in Italy. Obese respondents appeared to find more enjoyment from shopping and interest in cooking compared with non-obese ones. Moreover, they were more likely to find self-fulfilment in foods. However, obese respondents appeared to be less interested in the nutritional content of foods, suggesting their weak involvement in nutritional aspects when they eat. In fact, the obese respondents gave preference to snacks over meals.ConclusionsThe outcome of the study would suggest that in targeted interventions for public health purposes in order to address obesity, attention should be placed on the role that food plays in obese consumers’ lives.

scholarly journals Perceived stress among university students in south-east Serbia during the COVID-19 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Kostić ◽  
Olivera Žikić ◽  
Vladimir Đorđević ◽  
Žilijeta Krivokapić
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Depression Subscale

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has brought into focus the mental health of the student population. The study aimed to analyze the psychological response to the COVID-19 outbreak in terms of perceived stress and its related factors among university students in south-east Serbia. The study was conducted during the increased incidence of COVID-19 in Serbia. Method A total of 434 students from the public university in south-east Serbia enrolled in the study and completed the measures of socio-demographic data, the perceived stress scale (PSS-10), the Coping Strategy Indicator (CSI) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The data were analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. Results Study findings suggest that the mean perceived stress score was placed to 20.43 (± 7.67). Our model showed that female gender, higher scores on anxiety/insomnia and depression subscale as well as the coping strategy avoidance predicted higher perceived stress, while higher scores on social dysfunction were related to the reduced perceived stress scores.  Conclusion Notwithstanding the study limitation, findings provided authentic data of stress reactions of the students in south-east Serbia during the COVID-19 outbreak. The findings confirm the need to examine students' experiences in emergencies and crises, as well as to make a plan for online stress management programs that would help alleviate stress during a global pandemic.

scholarly journals SPEECH PROSODIC PORTRAIT OF AMERICANS OF VATIOUS AGES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Koval ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
English Language ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Internal Relationship

The present study is an experimental phonetic analysis of the Americans’ prosodic characteristics depending on different ages, the experimental part of which is devoted to consideration of melodic peculiarities of American speech. The research topic is determined by the fact that the influence of personally related factors, namely the age of a person, on the process of speech production hasn’t received a sufficiently complete consideration during previous studies, since it did not constitute a subject of special studying. This research correlates with sociophonetics, which studies phonetic characteristics of human speech behavior in various social groups and social situations. The choice of the American variant of the English language as the research material is explained by the greatest prevalence of this variant in the world community. The aim of the study is to identify the most frequent melodic configurations and temporal features of Americans’ speech representing four age groups (adolescence, youth, maturity, old age), as well as in determining the internal relationship between the prosody of sounding speech and the main stages of personality’s development and socialization. The subject of the study can be defined as the dynamics of change melodic and temporal design of Americans’ speech in depending on the age of the speaker. A comprehensive research method combining a theoretical-analytical method, an audit, a comparative method and a method for correlating data obtained during the experiment, as well as their linguistic interpretation, is applied in the work in full. The main conclusion of our study is the confirmation of the fact that for each age there is its own specificity of prosodic formulation of an utterance, which is expressed in a certain set of melodic features typical for the speech of representatives of a particular age group. We can state that the dynamics of prosodic changes in a person’s speech throughout his life does indeed take place, and it is due to biological, psychological and social factors. Human personality is a complex unity of the above-mentioned components, which are in a constant interaction and have a direct impact on the individual’s speech behavior. Consequently, the study of the process of speech production and the identification of its specifics at a certain stage of a person’s life is possible only with an integrated approach to the study of personality, taking into account all the variety of factors affecting it.

scholarly journals Patients' Preferences in Selecting Family Physician in Primary Health Centers: A Qualitative-Quantitative Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnaz Khatami ◽  
Mohammad Shariati ◽  
Leila Khedmat ◽  
Maryam Bahmani
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fellow Citizen ◽  
Selection Factors

Abstract Background The role of family physicians (FPs) in the metropolitan area is critical in identifying risk factors for diseaseprevention/controland health promotioninvarious age groups. Understanding people's preferences and interests in choosing a FP can be an effective and fundamental step in the success of this program. In this study factors affecting the FP selection by Iranian people referred to health centersin the most populous areas in the south of Tehran were assessed and ranked.Methods Asequential mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) triangulation approach was designed with three subject groups of people, physicians, and health officials.The Framework method was used to analyze interviews transcribed verbatim. After implementing an iterative thematic process, a 26-item quantitative questionnaire with high validity and reliability was draftedto evaluatethe different factors.A convenient sampling method was usedto select 400 subjectson a population-based scale to quantitatively rank the most critical selection factors.Results The selection factors were divided into six centralized codes, including FPs' ethics,individual, professional and performance factors;patients underlying disease and individual health, and disease-related factors;clinic-office’s location and management factors;democracyfactors;economic factors; andsocial factors. After filling out the questionnaires,the most important factors in selecting FP were aspecialistdegree in family medicine (FM), performing accurate examinations, taking correct biography, and spending enough time to visit by the doctor, respectively. However, the parameters such as being a fellow-citizen, being same gender, and physician's appearance were of the least importance.Conclusion There is a necessity to expand the new medical specialty in FM because it was considered as the first people's priority. The clinical andadministrative healthcare systems should schedule the entire implementation process to oversee the doctor's professional commitment and setting the visit times of FP.

scholarly journals Quality of Life Among Caregivers of Children with Special Needs in Kelantan, Malaysia: The Importance of Psychosocial Mediators

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-141
Author(s):  
Siti Nor Ismalina Isa ◽  
Ismarulyusda Ishak ◽  
Azriani Ab Rahman ◽  
Nur Zakiah Mohd Saat ◽  
Normah Che Din ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Negative Perception

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is an important aspect of well-being for the caregivers of children with disability, making it a noteworthy outcome. Little is known about the challenges faced by the caregivers in Asian countries and its association to their QoL. The purpose of this study was to examine a model describing the relationship between sociodemographic and disability-related factors on caregivers’ QoL, mediated by the caregivers’ psychosocial factors such as perceived stress, coping skills, and social support. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving caregivers of children with special needs in Kelantan, a state of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 383 caregivers completed questionnaires measuring sociodemographics, disability-related factors, psychosocial factors and QoL outcome. Structural equation modelling was performed to examine the relations of the variables in the conceptual model. Results: In the final model, childcare dependency, caregiver’s age, financial support, negative perception of stress and maladaptive coping skills were significant predictors of QoL (R2 = 0.65). Caregiver’s age had a direct effect on QoL, while financial support had an indirect effect on QoL via negative perception of stress. Childcare dependency had direct and indirect effects on QoL via negative perception of stress. Higher perceived stress was associated with lower QoL directly and indirectly via maladaptive coping skills. The final model fitted the data well (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.046; CFI = 0.923; χ2/df = 1.798). Conclusion: Intervention strategies to improve the QoL of caregivers should target the family unit and take into account the factors of child’s disability, demographic and caregiver’s psychosocial status.

scholarly journals Perceived Stress Among University Students in South-East Serbia During the COVID-19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Kostic ◽  
Olivera Zikić ◽  
Vladimir Đorđevic ◽  
Zilijeta Krivokapic
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Demographical Data ◽  
High Stress Level

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has brought into focus the mental health the student population. The study aimed to analyze the psychological response to the COVID-19 outbreak in terms of perceived stress and its related factors among university students in the southeastern Serbia. The study was conducted during the increasing rate of the coronavirus disease in Serbia. Method A total of 434 students from the public university in South-East Serbia enrolled in the study and completed the measures of socio-demographical data, the Perceived stress scale (PSS-10), the Coping Strategy Indicator (CSI) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The data were analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. Results Study findings suggest that the mean perceived stress score was placed to 20.43 (±7.67), suggesting that the students showed high stress level during the COVID-19 outbreak. Our model showed that female gander, higher scores on anxiety/insomnia and depression subscales as well as the coping strategy avoidance predicted higher level of perceived stress, while higher scores on social dysfunction were related to the reduced perceived stress scores. Conclusion Besides limitation of the study, findings provided authentic data of stress reactions of students in South-East Serbia during the COVID-19 outbreak. The findings confirm the need to examine the experience of students in states of emergencies and crisis as well as introduce a plan for support programs aimed at preventing a decline in education efficacy in the long run, together with preventing the occurrence of mental disorders.

Maturation of odour identification ability and related factors in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
E. Mori ◽  
R. Sekine ◽  
Y. Tsurumoto ◽  
R. Sakurai ◽  
M. Tei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Family ◽  
Olfactory Identification ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
At Home

Background: Olfaction plays an important role in our daily and social lives, both as adults and as children. This study assessed whether the ability to identify odours increases with age, as well as the ability in various age groups and the factors involved. Methods: The survey was performed in 2017 on 697 Japanese children (366 girls and 331 boys) aged 6–18 years who lived in Tsunan, Niigata Prefecture, Japan by using the ‘Open Essence’, a card-type odour identification test. We collected information regarding age, sex, and physical characteristic. We also inquired whether participants had siblings or if members of the family smoked, and whether they had conversations about odour at home. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the factors affecting odour identification abilities. Results: The results showed that the odour identification abilities of children increase with age, and children who have daily conversations about odours at home have better odour identification abilities. Conclusions: Odour identification ability increases with age. In addition, our findings suggest that conversation may positively affect odour identification. Hence, it is important for children to be exposed to an environment where they develop an interest in smells for better growth of their olfactory identification ability.

A Study of Coroner's Records of Suicide in Young People, 1986–88 in Western Australia

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Graham ◽  
Peter W. Burvill
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Common Method ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Disciplinary Problems

Coroner's records of 25 consecutive suicides aged 15–19 years and 43 aged 20–24 years were compared with 68 suicides aged 45–59 years to identify associated clinical and psychosocial factors. Male: female ratios were 2.6:1, 5.1:1 and 3.5:1 respectively. The most common method of suicide in males in all three age groups was CO poisoning using motor vehicles. In females the teenage group used mainly active methods, whilst in the 20–24 and 45–49 years age groups the most common method was over dosage. Over 90% of each age group had some identifiable psychiatric symptomatology. In each age group the commonest symptoms were minor affective symptoms. In each group the pattern was mainly of associated multiple rather than single psychosocial factors. In each group disruption of interpersonal relationships (boy-girlfriend, de facto, marital, family) was the predominant stressor. Compared with the 45–59 year group the following associated factors were significantly greater in (a) 15–19 years: personality/conduct disorders, unemployment and legal/disciplinary problems, and (b) 20–24 years: drug abuse and unemployment. Although the two younger groups had significantly more unemployment than the older group, only the 20–24 years group had significantly more unemployment compared with community age norms. Preventive implications of the findings are discussed.

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