scholarly journals SPEECH PROSODIC PORTRAIT OF AMERICANS OF VATIOUS AGES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Koval ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
English Language ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Internal Relationship

The present study is an experimental phonetic analysis of the Americans’ prosodic characteristics depending on different ages, the experimental part of which is devoted to consideration of melodic peculiarities of American speech. The research topic is determined by the fact that the influence of personally related factors, namely the age of a person, on the process of speech production hasn’t received a sufficiently complete consideration during previous studies, since it did not constitute a subject of special studying. This research correlates with sociophonetics, which studies phonetic characteristics of human speech behavior in various social groups and social situations. The choice of the American variant of the English language as the research material is explained by the greatest prevalence of this variant in the world community. The aim of the study is to identify the most frequent melodic configurations and temporal features of Americans’ speech representing four age groups (adolescence, youth, maturity, old age), as well as in determining the internal relationship between the prosody of sounding speech and the main stages of personality’s development and socialization. The subject of the study can be defined as the dynamics of change melodic and temporal design of Americans’ speech in depending on the age of the speaker. A comprehensive research method combining a theoretical-analytical method, an audit, a comparative method and a method for correlating data obtained during the experiment, as well as their linguistic interpretation, is applied in the work in full. The main conclusion of our study is the confirmation of the fact that for each age there is its own specificity of prosodic formulation of an utterance, which is expressed in a certain set of melodic features typical for the speech of representatives of a particular age group. We can state that the dynamics of prosodic changes in a person’s speech throughout his life does indeed take place, and it is due to biological, psychological and social factors. Human personality is a complex unity of the above-mentioned components, which are in a constant interaction and have a direct impact on the individual’s speech behavior. Consequently, the study of the process of speech production and the identification of its specifics at a certain stage of a person’s life is possible only with an integrated approach to the study of personality, taking into account all the variety of factors affecting it.

LEARNING FORMULAIC SEQUENCES THROUGH VIEWING L2 TELEVISION AND FACTORS THAT AFFECT LEARNING

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Puimège ◽  
Elke Peters
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Learning Gains ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Formulaic Sequences ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Foreign Language Learners

AbstractThe present study explores the incidental learning of formulaic sequences (FS) from audio-visual input and factors affecting the learning of FS. A pretest-posttest, within-participant design was adopted. English-as-a-foreign-language learners (L1 = Dutch; n = 42) watched a one-hour English-language documentary without subtitles. Learning gains were measured at the level of form recall and meaning recall. Significant learning gains were found in both the form recall and meaning recall tests, indicating that several knowledge aspects of FS can be learned incidentally from audio-visual input. The findings also revealed a positive relationship between learners’ prior vocabulary knowledge and the learning gains. Further, several item-related factors affected the learning gains (e.g., collocate-node relationship, frequency). Finally, the findings showed the incremental nature of learning FS, as preknowledge of the meaning of the FS prior to the TV viewing was the strongest predictor of learning the form of FS.

scholarly journals Which dimensions of food-related lifestyle are likely to be associated with obesity in Italy?

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Saba ◽  
Elena Cupellaro ◽  
Marco Vassallo
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Information Measures ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Food Shopping

AbstractObjectiveTo compare obesev. non-obese consumers in terms of their general food-related lifestyles and to explore possible food-related factors affecting obesity in Italy.DesignThe data were collected using a self-completion questionnaire. Data included sociodemographic information, measures of the Food-Related Lifestyle scale (FRL) and self-reported weight and height. A logistic regression model was fitted for the sample with obesity as the dependent variable and sociodemographic characteristics and FRL dimensions as the independent variables.SettingThe survey was carried out in Italy between October and November 2010.SubjectsOne thousand respondents were recruited with equal quotas for menv. women. The sample was representative of the Italian population in term of age groups and geographic areas. The participants were over 18 years of age and were solely or jointly responsible for the family's food shopping.ResultsOur analyses revealed that sociodemographic, economic and cultural variables affect the increasing rate of obesity in Italy. Obese respondents appeared to find more enjoyment from shopping and interest in cooking compared with non-obese ones. Moreover, they were more likely to find self-fulfilment in foods. However, obese respondents appeared to be less interested in the nutritional content of foods, suggesting their weak involvement in nutritional aspects when they eat. In fact, the obese respondents gave preference to snacks over meals.ConclusionsThe outcome of the study would suggest that in targeted interventions for public health purposes in order to address obesity, attention should be placed on the role that food plays in obese consumers’ lives.

scholarly journals Socio-Cultural Context, Address Forms and Communicative Styles (A Case Study of British and Indian Englishes)

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Tatyana Larina ◽  
Neelakshi Suryanarayan ◽  
Yuliya Yuryeva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
English Language ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Indian English ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Address Forms ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Given

The purpose of this study is to identify differences in the use of Address Forms for an unfamiliar addressee in British and Indian English and explain them through a sociocultural context. Given the fact that address forms are dependent on both situational and geographical parameters, and taking into account the rich cultural diversity of India, the study is limited to address forms used by residents of the two capital cities – London and Delhi. The material was collected through observations and questionnaires and was analysed with a comparative analysis (both quantitative and qualitative) and reference to the theory of cultural differences, intercultural pragmatics, politeness theory and the theory of culturally specific communication styles or communicative ethnic styles. For clarification of the results, the interview method was also used, attempting to establish the regularity with which the representatives of the given cultures use nominative address forms for an unfamiliar addressee, the choice of address forms for different age groups and gender and the sociocultural factors affecting the choice of address forms. The analysis of experimental data shows significant differences both in the choice of address forms and in their functioning, it convincingly demonstrates the influence of the Hindi language and local culture on the Indian version of the English language, on the communicative behaviour of Indian bilinguals in the given situation and their communication style in general.

scholarly journals Patients' Preferences in Selecting Family Physician in Primary Health Centers: A Qualitative-Quantitative Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnaz Khatami ◽  
Mohammad Shariati ◽  
Leila Khedmat ◽  
Maryam Bahmani
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fellow Citizen ◽  
Selection Factors

Abstract Background The role of family physicians (FPs) in the metropolitan area is critical in identifying risk factors for diseaseprevention/controland health promotioninvarious age groups. Understanding people's preferences and interests in choosing a FP can be an effective and fundamental step in the success of this program. In this study factors affecting the FP selection by Iranian people referred to health centersin the most populous areas in the south of Tehran were assessed and ranked.Methods Asequential mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) triangulation approach was designed with three subject groups of people, physicians, and health officials.The Framework method was used to analyze interviews transcribed verbatim. After implementing an iterative thematic process, a 26-item quantitative questionnaire with high validity and reliability was draftedto evaluatethe different factors.A convenient sampling method was usedto select 400 subjectson a population-based scale to quantitatively rank the most critical selection factors.Results The selection factors were divided into six centralized codes, including FPs' ethics,individual, professional and performance factors;patients underlying disease and individual health, and disease-related factors;clinic-office’s location and management factors;democracyfactors;economic factors; andsocial factors. After filling out the questionnaires,the most important factors in selecting FP were aspecialistdegree in family medicine (FM), performing accurate examinations, taking correct biography, and spending enough time to visit by the doctor, respectively. However, the parameters such as being a fellow-citizen, being same gender, and physician's appearance were of the least importance.Conclusion There is a necessity to expand the new medical specialty in FM because it was considered as the first people's priority. The clinical andadministrative healthcare systems should schedule the entire implementation process to oversee the doctor's professional commitment and setting the visit times of FP.

Maturation of odour identification ability and related factors in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
E. Mori ◽  
R. Sekine ◽  
Y. Tsurumoto ◽  
R. Sakurai ◽  
M. Tei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Family ◽  
Olfactory Identification ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
At Home

Background: Olfaction plays an important role in our daily and social lives, both as adults and as children. This study assessed whether the ability to identify odours increases with age, as well as the ability in various age groups and the factors involved. Methods: The survey was performed in 2017 on 697 Japanese children (366 girls and 331 boys) aged 6–18 years who lived in Tsunan, Niigata Prefecture, Japan by using the ‘Open Essence’, a card-type odour identification test. We collected information regarding age, sex, and physical characteristic. We also inquired whether participants had siblings or if members of the family smoked, and whether they had conversations about odour at home. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the factors affecting odour identification abilities. Results: The results showed that the odour identification abilities of children increase with age, and children who have daily conversations about odours at home have better odour identification abilities. Conclusions: Odour identification ability increases with age. In addition, our findings suggest that conversation may positively affect odour identification. Hence, it is important for children to be exposed to an environment where they develop an interest in smells for better growth of their olfactory identification ability.

scholarly journals Factors Causing Demotivation in EFL Learning Process and the Strategies Used by Turkish EFL Learners to Overcome their Demotivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Turgay Han ◽  
Ayşegül Takkaç-Tulgar ◽  
Nilüfer Aybirdi
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
English Language ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Major Factors

The purpose of the current study is to determine main demotivating factors affecting Turkish EFL university students’ English language learning process and to identify the ways they apply to cope with these negative experiences from their own perspectives. The participants were 469 first and second year Turkish EFL university students. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect data in the study. First, a demotivation questionnaire (Sakai & Kikuchi, 2009) was administered to the participants, and then interviews were conducted, face-to-face, with some of the students. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed on the quantitative data, while coding and classifying approach was used to analyze the qualitative data. Quantitative results revealed that are significant differences between female and male students in terms of the factors related to characteristics of classes and experiences of failure. Qualitative findings indicated that major factors that demotivate students are negative attitudes of the classmates, teacher-related factors, personal issues, class characteristics, test anxiety, failure experiences, and education system. Also, strategies for overcoming demotivation were determined as self-studying, asking for assistance, changing perspective, thinking positively, ignoring what others think, and being goal oriented. It is implied that the results obtained from this study might be helpful for both language learners and teachers in developing effective coping strategies to overcome demotivation.

Psychiatric symptoms and related factors in a sample of Japanese workers

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Iwata ◽  
Yuko Okuyama ◽  
Yoshikazu Kawakami ◽  
Kazuo Saito
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Japanese Workers

SynopsisA survey was conducted to investigate the presence of psychiatric symptoms and associated factors affecting psychiatric impairment among 2190 Japanese tax workers. The Japanese translated version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was used as a measure of psychiatric symptomatology. Several sociodemographic and psychosocial factors (interpersonal factors and perceived stress) were examined as being related to psychiatric impairment. As with all other language versions, the percentage distribution of the GHQ scores was considerably skewed. Females exhibited more psychiatric symptoms than males. No significant differences were found among four age-groups for both sexes. Perceived stress related to the workplace was correlated more with psychiatric impairment than with other psychosocial factors. It was also observed that the ‘long-distance marriage’ (‘business bachelorhood’) peculiar to Japanese occupations had little influence on the impairment levels.

scholarly journals A Literature Review on the Correlation Between Shear Bond Strength and the Degree of Conversion of Orthodontic Adhesive Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (33) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Ziad S. Abdul Majid ◽  
Azza El Badry
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
English Language ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Orthodontic Adhesives ◽  
Wide Range

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive literature review on the correlation between shear bond strength and the degree of conversion of the orthodontic adhesive systems. Thus, this is considered as a major issue for the success of the orthodontic bonding techniques. Material and Methods: Electronic searches were performed in Pubmed and Scopus databases using relevant keywords. Textbook searching was also applied. Following the selection, full-text English language papers were fully reviewed to ensure that they met both the inclusion and the exclusion criteria. Results: Recent studies suggest that when increasing the DC, the SBS will increase. Thus, this results to a stiffer and a more durable resin. Conclusions: There is a wide range of factors affecting the SBS, DC, and their correlation. Some of them are related to the tooth etching techniques, adhesive related factors, curing units, and bracket materials. More research is required to develop more understanding of the role of these factors in determining the bonding success. This is because there are no specific published papers which were directly linked to the correlation between the SBS and the DC of orthodontic adhesives.

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