Development and Synergetic Evolution of the Water–energy–food Nexus System in the Yellow River Basin

The water–energy–food nexus is a complex system which is especially difficult to achieve as a trade-off in resource-deficient areas. As an area where the shortage of water leads to water–energy–food conflict, investigating the evolution state and spatial characteristics of water–energy–food in the Yellow River Basin is essential for the resource management and sustainable development orientation of the region’s water–energy–food nexus system. This study proposed an integrated assessment framework by using synergy theory and the integrated index system method. The improved Lotka–Volterra symbiotic model was used to elucidate the development and synergy evolution status of the water–energy–food nexus system in prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin between 2004 and 2019. The results show that the development level of water and energy subsystems in the Yellow River Basin increased by 0.12 and 0.42 on average respectively, whereas that of the food subsystem only increased by approximately 0.004 on average compared to the initial year. Furthermore, most prefecture-level cities experienced subsystem degradation for one or two subsystems during the system evolution of the water–energy–food nexus. Based on the uniqueness and evolution process of each city, there are eight possibilities for system evolution and three types of feedback state between each pair of subsystems, which may lead to a certain spatial aggregation. Additionally, the interaction and competition states are more common than synergy states in the water–energy–food nexus system of the Yellow River Basin. This study provides an important basis and suggestions for the internal relationship and sustainable orientation of water–energy–food nexus systems in such water-deficient areas.

Political Relationship Marketing: An Examination of Internal Relationship Management in Ghanaian Political Parties

In recent times political parties appear to be focusing narrowly on winning elections to the detriment of effective management of their intra-party relationships. The neglect of managing relationships is having a negative effect on parties, hence this study. The study looked at the practice of political relationship marketing in the two leading parties in Ghana, focusing on micro-interactions at the constituency level. Twenty-four party executives were drawn from eight constituencies for interview. Thematic analysis was carried out to identify relationship marketing practices in the parties. The findings demonstrate the presence of some political relationship marketing antecedents. A fully-fledged political relationship marketing practice is however absent.

How Internal Marketing Drives Employees’ Internal Relationship Quality of Service Organizations Between Mainland China and Taiwan: The Moderating Roles of Internal Relationship Investment and Leader-Member Exchange

Recently, issues of human resource management gradually attract a lot of attention from organizational behavior scholars, thus how to effectively improve service employees’ job attitude and performance to meet the needs of stakeholders is one of the key issues in internal marketing. Based on the perspective of internal marketing, the study transforms the relevant factors applied to maintaining external customer relations into internal employee-oriented factors, so as to increase the understanding of the relationship between internal service recovery and internal relationship quality (IRQ). This study aims to explore (1) whether internal service recovery enhances IRQ; (2) whether internal relationship investment (IRI) positively moderates relationship between internal service recovery and IRQ; and (3) whether effectiveness of internal service recovery differentiates under different exchange relationship (high/low quality leader-member exchange). In this study, a total of 206 Mainland China and 250 Taiwanese participants were collected. In this study, a variance-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was performed to test the proposed hypothesizes and conduct comparative analysis. Empirical results in both samples show that internal service recovery has positive and significant effects on IRQ; internal relationship investment and leader-member exchange (LMX) positively and significantly moderate the relationship between internal service recovery and IRQ. Finally, based on the results, this study provides some discussions, suggestions and managerial implications for future studies in organizational management.

The size effect of martensite laths and precipitates on high strength wear-resistant steels

Low alloy high strength wear resistant steels are with high toughness, low cost and good abrasion resistance. It can effectively resist the propagation of wear cracks and prolong the service life of machine components. This paper focuses on the internal relationship between macroscopic physical properties and microscopic martensite lath and precipitate size throughout thickness of wear resistant steel. Four kinds of 40mm thickness wear resistant steels with different alloy chemical composition were produced and investigated. Results show the strength and hardness performance of ARIV are obviously higher than other three steels. ARI have a relatively large strength difference through thickness. The impact toughness of ARIV is relatively uniform, which is greater than that of the ARIII at middle layer and lower than that of the ARIII at 1/4 layer. The width of martensite lath of ARIV is relatively small, mainly 100 ~ 300 nm，while that of ARII and ARIII is mainly 200 ~400 nm. ARIV steel has shorter martensite lath band and more precipitates below 50 nm. It indicates that the size of martensite laths and precipitates of wear-resistant steels are important factors to determine its performance throughout thickness.

Influence of Hydrate Exploitation On Stability of Submarine Slopes

The decomposition of natural gas hydrate will reduce the cementation effect of hydrate and produce ultra-static pore pressure, which will change the mechanical characteristics of the reservoir. Eventually, a series of geological disasters could be triggered, of which the submarine landslide is a typical example. In order to analyze the stability of hydrate-bearing submarine slopes and to explore the internal relationship between hydrate decomposition and submarine landslides, a “two-step reduction method” was described in this paper. This method was based on a strength reduction approach, which can be used to assess the effects of the initial geostress balance and hydrate decomposition on substrate strength reduction. This method was used to reveal the essence of hydrate decomposition and then a joint operation mode of multi-well was proposed. The internal relationship between hydrate decomposition and submarine landslides were analyzed in detail. And the development process and mechanism of submarine landslide were deeply discussed. The results showed that hydrate decomposition is a dynamic process of stress release and displacement, where the “stress inhomogeneity” distributed along the slope is transformed into “displacement inhomogeneity”. We concluded that hydrate decomposition could trigger a submarine landslide, especially along a sliding surface. The formation of submarine landslide is a gradual development process, and presents the dual characteristics of time and space.

First Person and Second Person Markers as Representatives of a Case in a Verb Form

There are many various opinions regarding the definition of the person category in the scientific literature. A. Shanidze defines person category in three aspects: ”which person”, “what kind of person” and “quantity” - how many persons are represented in one form of the verb. There are two types of markers in Georgian- v- order and m-.order. They are basically divided as follows: v –order markers mainly express the markers of the subjective person and the m- order markers – the markers of the objective person. There are many cases in the language when the objective person is expressed by the subjective person marker and the subjective person is expressed by the objective person markers. This is called inversion and the verbs of these types are called inversion verbs. It is very difficult to understand and study inversion for non-Georgian students. In Georgian Linguistic Literature it is known that there is internal relationship in formation of nouns and verbs. The interrogative pronoun (who) refers only to the human and what- to all others-animate and inanimate subjects. Perhaps the v- prefix was an ancient sign of expressing the category of human and it expressed the first person in the verb, because the first person can only be human and the action of the first person means only human. He is both – the initiator of the action and the speaker. The same form of the interrogative pronoun “Who” in Nominative and Ergatrive cases makes us think that v- prefix was the representative of the Nominative and Ergative cases in the verb form. As has been noted, in the Georgian language nouns linked to a verb create constructions. There are three constructions identified in a language (based on two-person verbs): nominative construction, ergative construction and dative construction. Constructions are built according to the basic person’s cases forms (the term - basic person has been introduced by us, since the use of subjective and objective persons often cause confusion. We denote basic and non-basic person. Basic person is whom the action is mainly concerns, it either acts or is experiencing an action, is either an initiator, etc. A non-basic is a person who has a certain role in an action).

Prediction of the VIV Responses Based on the Numerical Solutions of Controlled Motion

The study of forced and free vibration of a cylinder has long been isolated. The internal relationship between free vibration and forced vibration has rarely been investigated. In this paper, the relationship between the forced and free vibration of a cylinder was established. A series of numerical simulations of a cylinder undergoing forced oscillations at a wide range of vibration amplitudes and frequencies were carried out, with the flow solver viv-FOAM-SJTU developed based on the open-source platform OpenFOAM. Complex demodulation analysis was conducted to quantify the spatial-temporal phase relationship between the forces and the displacement of the cylinder. It was found that, at some particular oscillating amplitudes and frequencies, the phase angle switched between positive and negative values, which corresponds to a vortex mode transferring from the 2P mode to the 2 P O mode. This distinct new mode “ 2 P O ” was closely related to the intermittent jumping between lower and upper branches of the amplitude responses of VIV. A prediction model was developed to obtain the VIV amplitude responses based on the numerical results of forced oscillation. The prediction results of three points located separately in the initial, upper, and lower branches of VIV agreed well with experimental measurements of an elastically mounted cylinder. This prediction model was thus expected to be suitable for predicting the response of VIV.

Rodent Brain Pathology, Audiogenic Epilepsy

The review presents data which provides evidence for the internal relationship between the stages of rodent audiogenic seizures and post-ictal catalepsy with the general pattern of animal reaction to the dangerous stimuli and/or situation. The wild run stage of audiogenic seizure fit could be regarded as an intense panic reaction, and this view found support in numerous experimental data. The phenomenon of audiogenic epilepsy probably attracted the attention of physiologists as rodents are extremely sensitive to dangerous sound stimuli. The seizure proneness in this group shares common physiological characteristics and depends on animal genotype. This concept could be the new platform for the study of epileptogenesis mechanisms.

The Model of Makerspace Development Element and Performance Analysis Based on NVivo Classification

Makerspace is an innovation and entrepreneurship service platform. Its ultimate goal is to realize value cocreation among multiple subjects. The development of Makerspace and the realization of value are closely related to the Makerspace Development Policy. With the help of NVivo/ software, we analyzed 17 Makerspace Development Policies. Through the selection of samples, statistical analysis of word frequency, and coding analysis, the 7 core elements of entrepreneurial incentives, fee reductions and exemptions, employment support, entrepreneurial environment, talent support, financial support, and service optimization are summarized to form an empirical research survey of the development policy elements of the makerspace project. The author uses the game evolution method to analyze the mechanism of the internal relationship of innovation factors, builds a model of the development factors of the makerspace, selects 52 makerspace companies to conduct a questionnaire survey, using the model to conduct empirical research on the performance of existing policies, and finally proposes a model for makerspace development.

Accuracy Verification and Correction of D-InSAR and SBAS-InSAR in Monitoring Mining Surface Subsidence

The accuracy of InSAR in monitoring mining surface subsidence is always a matter of concern for surveyors. Taking a mining area in Shandong Province, China, as the study area, D-InSAR and SBAS-InSAR were used to obtain the cumulative subsidence of a mining area over a multi-period, which was compared with the mining progress of working faces. Then dividing the mining area into regions with different magnitudes of subsidence according to the actual mining situation, the D-InSAR-, SBAS-InSAR- and leveling-monitored results of different subsidence magnitudes were compared and the Pearson correlation coefficients between them were calculated. The results show that InSAR can accurately detect the location, range, spatial change trend, and basin edge information of the mining subsidence. However, InSAR has insufficient capability to detect the subsidence center, having high displacement rates, and its monitored results are quite different from those of leveling. To solve this problem, the distance from each leveling point to the subsidence center was calculated according to the layout of the rock movement observation line. Besides, the InSAR-monitored error at each leveling point was also calculated. Then, according to the internal relationship between these distances and corresponding InSAR-monitored errors, a correction model of InSAR-monitored results was established. Using this relationship to correct the InSAR-monitored results, results consistent with the actual situation were obtained. This method effectively makes up for the deficiency of InSAR in monitoring the subsidence center of a mining area.