Loss of parent in childhood and adult psychiatric disorder: the role of social class position and premarital pregnancy

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirril Harris ◽  
George W. Brown ◽  
Antonia Bifulco
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Marital Partner ◽  
Premarital Pregnancy ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Loss Of Parent ◽  
Loss Of Mother

SynopsisThis paper addresses the critique which maintains that loss of parent in a sample of female adults plays no role in determining current depression over and above that of low social class position with which such loss is associated. It examines a series of variables which combine to determine current social class position and which seem to stem from lack of adequate replacement care following loss of mother. The experience of a premarital pregnancy and the way in which women cope with it emerge as critical in this process. The relationship of low social class to the onset of depression is discussed in the light of better-known vulnerability factors such as low confiding in, and undependability of, marital partner, employment outside the home and number of children. It is concluded that a current low social class position, far from explaining away the association between loss of mother and current depression, may itself be brought about by a chain of circumstances stemming from the loss. Once again, the quality of replacement care is shown to play a critical role.

Verb paradigm in Tomo Kan Dogon: interconnections of polypredicative constructions, grammaticalization, and tonology

2021 ◽  
pp. 252-268
Author(s):  
V. V. Dyachkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anal Ysis ◽  
Syntactic Position ◽  
The Family ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Tonal Contour ◽  
Relationship Of

The paper deals with the grammaticalization problems in Tomo Kan (Dogon family, Niger-Congo) and, in particular, with the diachronic relationship of polypredicative constructions and TAM markers. Dogon languages are characterized by TAM systems that seem to be dia-chronically unstable since markers with a similar range of meanings go back to different lexi-cal sources in different languages of the family. TAM markers are apparently associated with polypredicative constructions, which are very common in Dogon and preserve some of their morphosyntactic properties. At the same time, Dogon languages are characterized by complex tonal changes triggered not only by phonological context but also by the syntactic position of constituents. These tonal changes, frequently referred to as tonosyntax, accompany the formation of polypredicative constructions and other syntactic phenomena. A thorough inves-tigation of Tomo Kan TAM markers shows their tonosyntactic properties to resemble those of polypredicative constructions. Moreover, assuming that tonosyntax of polypredicative con-structions triggers certain tonal contour overlays, one can account for tonal alternations ob-served in TAM forms which would have been left otherwise unexplained. However, the anal-ysis also reveals that at least two classes of TAM forms must be distinguished in Tomo Kan: one of them inherits the tonosyntax of polypredicative constructions while the other does not. A hypothesis is put forward that the latter class has a different source of grammaticalization and is probably associated with verb stem incorporation rather than with polypredication. Methodologically, the paper shows a critical role of tonology in the analysis of grammaticalization processes in tonal languages.

scholarly journals Anthropocene Crisis: Climate Change, Pollinators, and Food Security

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Marshman ◽  
Alison Blay-Palmer ◽  
Karen Landman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Geological Time Scale ◽  
Habitat Creation ◽  
Community Approach ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Institutional Space

In this paper, we propose a new approach—understood as a whole-of-community approach—to address a dualistic and dysfunctional human/nature relationship. Of particular concern is the decline in health and numbers of the insects that pollinate an estimated 90 percent of the Earth’s flora and an estimated 35 percent of global crop volume. Specifically, bees provide the majority of biotic pollination and play a critical role in food crop pollination. Multiple factors are contributing to this growing problem including a changing climate. In 2016, the International Commission on Stratigraphy agreed that the concept of the Anthropocene—the human epoch—is of sufficient scale to be considered part of the geological time scale. This indicates that these crises are not random or passive—they are largely the direct result of human activities. Despite decades of awareness of these socio-ecological issues, they continue to worsen. In addition, the growing awareness of the critical role of pollinators is creating a new understanding of our interconnectedness with the “natural” world. We introduce the Bee City movement as a way to operationalize a whole-of-community approach. Individual action is critical, but addressing pollinator health in these forums legitimizes and provides an institutional space for otherwise fringe, or even marginalized, activities and more coherent spaces for habitat creation.

The Role of Unabsorbed Slack in Internal and Collaborative Innovation Processes — A Resource-Based Framework

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 1640007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Slack Resources ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Collaborative Innovation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unabsorbed Slack ◽  
Innovation Processes

Extant research has highlighted the critical role of unabsorbed slack resources in internal innovation processes. In recent years, many firms have continued to open up their innovation processes to actively collaborate with external partners. In light of a limited understanding of the determinants of collaborative innovation, we provide new theoretical arguments about the relationship of unabsorbed slack resources with internal and collaborative innovation processes. Specifically, we draw on resource-based and competence-based logic and develop a conceptual framework for intraorganizational and interorganizational innovation with propositions for the impact of unabsorbed slack resources on internal and external knowledge acquisition and commercialization processes. The arguments underscore the critical role of excess resources in collaborative innovation, and they highlight the need for a fine-grained examination of the impact of unabsorbed slack resources in innovation processes. The arguments are particularly important in light of a renewed interest in essential enablers and barriers to collaborative innovation processes.

scholarly journals The Role of Social Class on Consumer Behavior: A Study of Eco-friendly Cosmetic Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-134
Author(s):  
Shaheera Amin ◽  
Aaliya Manzoor ◽  
Fatima Farid
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Intention To Purchase ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In the past few decades, the analysts have noticed an important change in consumers’ behavior while purchasing and picking products, especially in cosmetics. Now, when consumers purchase the product, they pay more attention to health and environment features of the product. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze Pakistani Consumers’ buying behavior towards Eco-Friendly Cosmetic products. The theory of planned behavior has been applied for better understanding of consumer behavior. Moreover, analyzed the relationship of consumers’ values on their intention to buy eco-friendly cosmetics products. It is studied that consumers’ social class has a moderating effect on consumer’s intention toward purchasing eco-friendly cosmetic products. For quantitative data collection questionnaire is constructed. For questionnaire, variable scales are adapted from literature. Convenience sampling is used for distribution of questionnaire. Data is composed from 260 respondents in Punjab, Pakistan. For analyzing the data, statistical analysis will be done by using SPSS and AMOS.  All variables are significantly influence consumer intention to purchase eco-friendly cosmetics.This research suggests marketers to develop their marketing strategies and promote eco-friendly cosmetics through effective advertising.

Loss of parent in childhood and adult psychiatric disorder: the role of lack of adequate parental care

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirril Harris ◽  
George W. Brown ◽  
Antonia Bifulco
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Parental Behaviour ◽  
One Year ◽  
Loss Of Parent ◽  
Loss Of Mother

SynopsisThe inconclusiveness of the literature on the role of loss of parent in influencing psychiatric disorder in adulthood is well known. A number of reasons involving sampling, location and other methodological features, are given to account for these contradictory findings. A study specially designed to cope with these features is then described and basic results are reported. These indicate that, in a sample of women aged 18–65, loss of mother before the age of 17, either by death or by separation of one year or more, was associated with clinical depression in the year of interview. Loss of father by death was in no way associated with current depression, but separation from father showed a trend which, however, did not reach statistical significance. Control for other possible confounding factors did not change this patterning of results; these were further supported when psychiatric episodes earlier in adulthood were examined. Examination of the caregiving arrangements in childhood suggests that it is ‘lack of care’, defined in terms of neglect rather than simply hostile parental behaviour, which accounts for the raised rate of depression. Such ‘lack of care’ is more frequent after loss of mother than after loss of father.

How Does Thought-Action Fusion Relate to Responsibility Attitudes and Thought Suppression to Aggravate the Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms?

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Müjgan Altın ◽  
Tülin Gençöz
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Thought Action Fusion

Background: Comprehensive cognitive theories of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) propose that clinical obsessions and compulsions arise from specific sorts of dysfunctional beliefs and appraisals, such as inflated sense of responsibility, thought-action fusion (TAF), and thought suppression. Aims: The present study aimed to examine the mediator roles of responsibility and thought suppression between TAF and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Specifically, it aimed to explore the relative effects of TAF factors (i.e. morality and likelihood) on inflated sense of responsibility and on thought suppression to increase the obsessive qualities of intrusions. Method: Two hundred and eighty-three Turkish undergraduate students completed a battery of measures on responsibility, thought suppression, TAF, OC symptoms, and depression. Results: A series of hierarchical regression analyses, where depressive symptoms were controlled for, indicated that TAF-morality and TAF-likelihood follow different paths toward OC symptoms. Although TAF-morality associated with inflated sense of responsibility, TAF-likelihood associated with thought suppression efforts, and in turn these factors increased OC symptoms. Conclusions: These findings provide support for the critical role of sense of responsibility and thought suppression between the relationship of TAF and OC symptoms. Findings were discussed in line with the literature.

Social Class and Voter Preference in Recent Mexican Elections

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Exit Poll ◽  
Voter Preference ◽  
Mexican Politics ◽  
Poll Data

The influence of social class on the decisions of Mexican voters is, according to recent literature, modest and irrelevant. In this paper I reassess the role of class in the presidential elections of 2000 and 2006. After discussing how social class should be conceptualized and measured in election surveys, I analyze exit poll data from these two elections. The results show that class is a potent force in Mexican elections and that the middle class, in particular, has played a critical role in the transformation of Mexican politics.

IDSA: Chord-Based Discovery Service Architecture for the Internet of Things

2013 ◽  
Vol 753-755 ◽  
pp. 2816-2820
Author(s):  
De Gang Xu ◽  
Lei Hua Qin ◽  
Jing Li Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Service Architecture ◽  
Discovery Service ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Lookup Services ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Nowadays, the item-level lookup is quickly becoming a key issue in many application scenarios of Internet of Things (IoT). However, as a critical role of IoT, current lookup services and discovery services rely on a centralized or a chain-style framework, thus have some drawbacks, which prevent them from being widely adopted, as well as the item-level lookup service is still missing. Therefore, based on Chord, we presented IDSAa distributed item-level discovery service architecture for IoT, gave its basic framework and some relevant mechanisms to make the lookup services more load-balanced, scalable, and efficient. Additionally, some tests and analysis were given to validate and evaluate our solution. The results show that our solution is available.

scholarly journals What Makes an Elite Shooter and Archer? The Critical Role of Interoceptive Attention

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengli Li ◽  
Quanyu Lu ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Xinghua Liu ◽  
Yanhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Expert Performance ◽  
National Team ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Expertise Level ◽  
Relationship Of

It is well-acknowledged that attention is important for expert performance in sports. However, the role of interoceptive attention, i.e., the attentional mechanism of awareness and conscious focus of bodily somatic and visceral signals, in self-paced and far-aiming sports remains to be explored. This study aims to investigate the relationship of expertise level and interoceptive attention ability in shooting and archery, and to examine if interoceptive attention can be improved by mindfulness training in elite athletes of shooting and archery. We tested the performance differences of 41 elite athletes from the Chinese national team of shooting and archery and 43 non-elite athletes from a provincial team in breath detection task (BDT) and dot flash detection task (DDT), which were designed to measure interoceptive and exteroceptive attention (i.e., attention toward information input of primary sensory), respectively. Furthermore, we applied mindfulness training to the 41 elite athletes for 5–8 weeks and remeasured their performances of BDT and DDT. Results showed that elite athletes outperformed non-elite athletes in BDT (but not in DDT) both in accuracy (DiffBDT = 11.50%, p = 0.004) and in discrimination sensitivity (d′, DiffBDT = 1.159, p = 0.002). Difference in accuracy and d′ reached significant level only in BDT (accuracy: DiffBDT = −8.50%, p = 0.001; d′: DiffBDT = −0.822, p = 0.003) before and after mindfulness training. These results indicate that elite athletes of shooting and archery (i.e., relative to non-elite athletes) can better perceive the somatic and visceral responses or changes and discriminate these signals from noises. Moreover, interoceptive attention can be improved by mindfulness training. These results have important implications for the selection and training of athletes of shooting and archery.

Role of MCP-1 in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in patients with primary chronic glomerulonephritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
A. V. Mukhtarova ◽  
M. M. Batyushin ◽  
Е. А. Sinelnik ◽  
N. V. Antipova
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Tubular Damage ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND. To date, the study of the factors involved in the glomerular-tubular pathological connections leading to damage to the tubulointerstitial tissue is one of the topical areas of nephrology. THE AIM: to study the effect of MCP-1 in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis as a factor in the irreversible progression of chronic renal failure. PATIENTS ANDMETHODS. Prospective observation and retrospective analysis of case histories were carried out, which included a total of 75 patients with primary chronic glomerulonephritis. RESULTS. The average age of the patients was 36.7 ± 12.3 years, of which 52 were males, 23 were women. The average length of service in a nephrological disease was 3.0 [1.0; 5.0] years. The calculated GFR values are 87.3 ± 31.2 ml / min / 1.73 m2. In the general population, the moderate degree of MCP-1 expression, estimated at 2 points, was 35 %, pronounced expression was found in 25 % of the respondents. In the mesangium of the glomeruli and in macrophages, the expressed degree of MCP-1 expression was 20 % and 16 %, respectively, which characterizes MCP-1 as a marker produced by resident cells. When studying the relationship of MCP-1 in blood with clinical parameters, a correlation was found with the values of total protein (Rs= –0.43; p <0.05), with erythrocyturia (Rs= –0.28; p <0.05), as well as with an albumin level (Rs= –0.5; p <0.05), which indicates the role of MCP-1 in the development of nephritic forms of glomerulonephritis. Depending on the severity of MCP-1 expression in biopsy specimens, the incidence of focal tubulointerstitial fibrosis with MCP-1 expression estimated at 1 point was 13.3 %, 2 points – 14.3 %, 3 points – 44.0 %. The revealed significant correlation between the serum level of MCP-1 and the severity of tubulointerstitial fibrosis confirms the MCP-1-mediated mechanism of progression of CKD. CONCLUSION. The relationship of serum and tissue forms of MCP-1 with the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic glomerulonephritis has been demonstrated. MCP-1-induced mesangial cell plays a critical role in the development of renal tubular damage, and its increased expression is associated with progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis and decreased renal function.

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