VARIABILITY OF INDIAN SUMMER MONSOON : RELATIONSHIP WITH GLOBAL SST ANOMALIES

(iloh,tlcurr("!,1111111 ll111p .o; uflhe SlIllll1lt" r mUn!\4 lOn prt>cipil:lliull anomalies a nti St"a SU l f.IC(" Tt"mpt"1 a1lln"' (SST) a nUllul!it'.'i are pTt'St'IlI("d . n lir1 ) -)l' /u (1950..1479) rime St' 1; ("S uf 11l0n...nnn ind("x b co rn' l a h~d ....; Ih Iht"SST tillll' Sl'riCS al t"nch 1° ;<2° latitLIl1co! u nl:iluJt" box uf th t" \\(1(111 (>I,:eans usi ng COADS (Comprehensive O..:eanAllno...pl1("fl." Dala S('1)dn ta ttl "3riOUS timc IJgs o f lUonth s (i.t' .. l1luI11 h,'S of year s p recedi ng 'lI1.1 conc urrcnI lu Ihe1ll011Stllll1-)l'at) , Ctl lTclal ion..mups :'I ll' pn.-pUTl,.f 111111 Illaly"I'" 1(1 i.lclltify Il' IN."Oll lle ct it ln "-' Ilf llln ll....oon pTt'I,:ipil<ttiunwilh glubal S ~Ts.It is I'olin.! th ai tlll' lag,orrelatiuns .... ilh SST (Will 1:('01(31 and t'ilstt"m t'lluHt orial Padlic (Ninu-rl'l!inniliresuggl·..liw of IWlI I>p t' S o f inlt"raetjuns .....ith Ihe munsoun. The first on e, .... h il.:h sho ws pmili\'c <:orre lnlio n of summermonsoon pf('\.-ipililtion anoll1alit"s ",i lh Ihe ct"nlral and l":Jsl ..-mequaturial P<lciftc SST nnoUlal ies aboul a yea r be forelilt" 1l10 nsollfl. sUggl°.!>1Sthat lhe monsoon which follo ws abmlt a )'t'lir la ll'r ur tX'currence ofwaml t"pisode of EI..Nin~Suut hem Oscillatiun (ENSO) is generally ....-eltc It is also suggestetJ Ihal this inleract io n might be taki ng placelhruugh Ihe in llue nce or nOr1h em hemisp here int er tempera tures. Th e seco nd I)-PC of inleraclion of equ alorialPaci fic SST ....i lh mon soon is revealed through the strung n~al ive co rrela tio ns bqinning befo re lh e summer monsoon an d continuing ....; lh g~ a l er magnitud e an d o~ r ....i der extent. suuest ing th ai a .....arm SST anomaly j ust precedineanll concurrent to monsoon ~aso n weaken s th e monsson.AiNt"li intcf<n'lions bctween Ihe Indian Ocean and monsoon are also emph a si ~d in the anal ysis. Two key~ginns are ide nt ified. Th e cen tra l Indian Ocun south o f th e equalor shoW!strong positive corre la tions during (helalt' no n hl'm ",inler a nd spring. Th e other key Tq!'ion is in the north Ind ian Geran. Th e correlations are significanllynt'ga li\'e. Some teleconnections with th e Atlantic basin are also revealed which are ralhe rdifficuh to explain but ma yfind usefu l ap plications in monitoring and long-range forecas line of the monsoon.

Creation and analysis of a flight attendant platform

Flight simulators have been used for a long time to train pilots of any type of aircraft. This type of training is more economical. The flight simulator improves control skills in extreme situations with minimal risks for the future pilot. Training on a flight simulator makes it possible to reproduce adverse weather conditions at any time. The pilot is on the ground in a special cockpit, which is mounted on a movable platform. This system is needed to ensure flight conditions as close to real as possible. The subject of the research in the article is an aviation simulator on the Stewart platform. The aim is to create and analyze an flight simulator platform using software. The paper presents the already existing flight simulator and its characteristics. Taking into account its dimensions and weight, the platform is modeled in SolidWorks. The kinematic diagram of the type design (6-6) is selected and presented. The basic equation of dynamics for calculating platform motion law for given values of the control forces is given. Also using this equation it is possible to find the controlling forces knowing the law of motion. The developed 3D model consists of two platforms, a movable and a stationary one. The legs with automatically variable length are attached to the platform using hinges. Selected material aluminum alloy type 2024 from which the platform is created. Selected material aluminum alloy type 2024 from which the platform is created. Static analysis of the loaded platform was performed. By loaded platform is meant that in the places where the simulator and the pi-lot's seat are installed, loads equal in weight to the simulator and the maximum weight of the seat with the pilot are applied. The anal-ysis includes such epurfaces: loads to assess whether the structure can support a given weight, displacement, deformation, safety margins and a Design Insight plot to evaluate design details. Identification of elements that are most likely to start collapsing under the weight of the simulator. The research was performed using SolidWorks Simulation software. Based on the data obtained from the plot, conclusions were made about the performance and safety of the developed platform.

Structural and word-forming features of microtoponyms of Donetsk region

Problem statement. Despite the fact that microtoponyms belong to the most numerous class of onyms, so far such names of Donetsk region have been studied sporadically and superficially. It is important to identify and record such onyms, so as not to lose forever.The purpose of the article is to analyze the structural and word-forming or- ganization of microtoponyms of Donetsk region.Research methods. The method of research of structural and word-forming features of microtoponyms is based on the questionnaires and interviews (for collecting microtoponymic material) and methods: descriptive (for inventory, classification and interpretation of microtoponyms), structural (for describing structural features of simple, complex and compound onyms), quantitative anal- ysis (to establish the performance of structural types, word-forming methods and manners).The main results of the study. The simple, complex and compound names are revealed based on the analysis of the structural and word-forming organiza- tion of microtoponymy of Donetsk region. Simple names of small geographical objects are formed by lexical-semantic, morphological, basic, morphologi- cal-syntactic and lexical-syntactic methods. The most productive is the lexi- cal-semantic way of creating microtoponyms. Among the suffix derivatives, names with productive forms -ivk- (-ovk-, -evk-), -k- were found. In the micro- toponymy of Donetsk region a large number of compound names is recorded, among which we single out two-word, prepositional constructions, multicom- ponent microtoponyms and predicative constructions.Conclusions and prospects. The results of the study show that the microto- ponymy of Donetsk region is diverse in terms of structure and methods and means of forming. We see the prospect of exploration in: 1) collecting the names of micro-objects of other settlements in the Donetsk region; 2) to investigate the structural and word-forming features of microtoponyms of other cities / villages of Donetsk region; 2) to analyze the lexical and semantic features of such names of the named region.

Covid-19 imprints in Latin America

The article reviews the reaction of selected Latin American countries to the pandemic of Covid-19. The authors examine the situation in which the countries where touched by the pandemic and the initial reactions toward the unusual situation in which the world has been found at the beginning of 2020. The authors analyse the data that are fundamental for the anal-ysis of the situation of selected countries in the period of pandemic. In the article readers can find the analysis of the health sector condition when it was hit by the pandemic. It also goes further to check if the reactions of particular countries brought positivie or negative efects. In the end, the authors analize the politics of vaccination in particular countries of Latin America and are debating if it could be called a vaccine geopolitics.

Pulmonary Inflammation and Injury in a Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver condition that affects millions of individuals in the United States, of which approximately twenty percent of cases progress to non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH). NASH is characterized by macro-vascular steatosis and persistent inflammation in the liver, which can lead to fibrosis. Evidence suggests potential effects of NAFLD and NASH on the devel-opment of pulmonary pathologies, but the interaction between the liver and the lung is not well under-stood. In this study, we assessed the impact of NASH development on lung inflammation and fibrosis over time. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed control (10% kCal) or high-fat (HFD) (60% kCal) diets. Liver tissue, lung tissue, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were collected after 1, 3, and 6 months of feeding. Histopathologic evaluation of livers from HFD-fed mice at 6 months confirmed the development of NASH. In the lung, we observed histopathologic al-terations, including inflammatory cell infiltration, li-pid-laden macrophages, septal damage, and epi-thelial thickening at 6 months. Gene expression anal-ysis of whole lung tissue revealed changes in genes related to inflammation (IL-1B), fibrosis (CTGF), and lipid metabolism (ApoA1). These results characterize an association of pulmonary complications during simple steatosis to NASH transition, suggesting lung-liver crosstalk.

Forensic Linguistic Examination of a Documentary Text: Foreign Experience

Introduction. Forensic linguistic examination is, currently, an essential type of forensic anal- ysis. Herewith, forensic linguistic examination of a documentary text appears to be one of the most relevant and promising modern types of forensic linguistic examination. Theoretical Basis. Methods. Forensic linguistic examination of a documentary text in for- eign countries is not associated with language documentation, which means documenting languages, but with legal linguistic examination and legal language – the knowledge is re- quired to compile legal documents. The objective of selecting methods to conduct a foren- sic linguistic examination of a documentary text is, primarily, a search of a correlation (and differentiation) between language and law.. Results. Preparation of legal documents in English is provided according to a certain stan- dard that is called “plain language”. The object of a document’s forensic linguistic exam- ination is a text of such documents as contracts, agreements, notifications, interrogation protocols, etc. The need to conduct a forensic linguistic examination of a documentary text arises when it is required to explain and describe various linguistic wordings in the docu- ment that may be incomprehensible to the forensic examination initiator. The author has illustrated, by the example of the trial cases of such advanced Western countries as Great Britain and the United States, that forensic linguistic examination of a documentary text abroad has its own unique features. Discussion and Conclusion. An analysis of forensic best practice in the UK and the USA shows that plain language standards violation leads to a misunderstanding of the entire document meaning, which may entail certain legal consequences for one of the parties in- dicated in the document. Sometimes a replacement of wording in a document is carried out by criminals with the purpose of committing a crime. This is related to the fact that a male- factor deliberately counts on a misinterpretation of a document meaning by an ordinary cit- izen due to the lack of relevant special knowledge and training.

ANALYSIS OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD PHARMACY PRACTICE FOR PHARMACEUTICAL CONSULTINGWHEN CHOOSING OTC DRUGS ON THE WEBSITES OF ONLINE PHARMACIES

Purpose of the study: to analyze the current state of Internet pharmacy websites in terms of compliance with Good Pharmacy Prac- tice requirements for pharmaceutical counseling for OTC-medicines. Methods. The study used the method of content analysis; a search was carried out in the search engines Google and Yandex for the keywords, «buy a pharmacy», «a drug store to buy a drug», «online pharmacy». TOP 25 pharma- cy websites were subjected to logical, comparative and structural analysis. The study consisted of 2 stages: an anal- ysis of the requirements of regulatory documents for pharmaceutical consulting when selling OTC drugs and an as- sessment of pharmacy websites in terms of ensuring compliance with these requirements when carrying out online commerce. Results. Studies of online pharmacy websites showed that most of the sites did not fully comply with the regulated require- ments: a pharmaceutical license is presented on 80% of sites, information on the type of pharmacy organization, on the impossibility of returning and exchanging pharmacy goods - on 76% of sites. The choice of OTC drugs based on symptoms within the framework of responsible self-medication was available on 24% of Internet pharmacy sites, but there were no indications of symptoms requiring immediate medical attention. Links to the State Register of Maximum Selling Prices were available on 8% of Internet pharmacy sites. Conclusion. Comparative analysis of information requirements in relation to pharmaceutical consulting in a pharmacy, reg- ulated by Orders of the Ministry of Health of Russia No. 80 «On approval of the Industry standard» Rules for the dispensing (sale) of medicines in pharmacies. Basic provisions «and No. 647n dated 31.08.2016» On approval of the Rules Good Pharma- cy Practice of Medicinal Products for Medical Use ”, Government Decree No. 697 of May 16, 2020“ On Approval of the Rules for Issuing Permits for Remote Retail Sale of Medicinal Products for Medical Use, Implementation of Such Trade ... ”, showed that most of the requirements for offline pharmacy were reflected in relation to Internet pharmacies, however, as a result of the analysis of Internet pharmacy websites, it was found that these requirements are not fully met. Additional criteria for evaluating online pharmacy sites corresponding to the level of pharmaceutical care in an offline pharmacy are proposed: the ability to select an OTC drug by symptoms within the framework of responsible self-medication, the presence of indications of symptoms that require immediate medical attention, the presence of instructions for the medical use of the drug in in ac- cordance with the State Register of Medicines, ensuring access to the State Register of maximum selling prices, availability of information on the actual shelf life of the medicinal products being sold.

Exposure to microwave radiation has no impact on the global sleep quality of people living in the vicinity of base transceiver stations

Occupational exposure to microwave radiation (MWR) has become an inevi-table part of life. Therefore, it is essential to assess the MWR effect on hu-man health. In this study, we examined the non-thermal effect of MWR from base transceiver station (BTS) on humans' sleep quality. Total 1150 partici-pants of different zones based on distance from BTS (145 from inter-tower/zone A; 256 from 0-150m/zone B; 241 from 150-300m/zone C, 381 from 300-500m/zone D), and 127 controls from the area without BTS installations were included. We recorded the electric field strength at the subject’s resi-dence using NBM-550 equipped with probe EF0-391. We assessed the sub-jects' sleep quality by administering the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Ques-tionnaire. ANOVA revealed statistically significantly higher electric-field strength in zone B and zone A. Participants of all the groups exhibited a glob-al PSQI score less than the accepted median score of <5. This implies that subjects of all groups had good sleep quality. However, a more detailed anal-ysis using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests revealed that the participants of exposed zones (except zone D), females, and residents of the 1-5y group had decreased sleep quality compared to control, males, and subjects of >5y group, respectively. From the above findings, it can be con-cluded that the MWR had little effect on the sleep quality, but it does modu-late sleep parameters within the accepted range of good sleep quality as a function of the zone, gender, and year of residence. However, extensive studies involving more BTS are desirable to validate the above conclusion.

DIAGNOSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to analyze the environmental situation in rural areas in Ukraine in order to develop proposals for the diversification of agricultural production and non-agricultural activities in these areas on the basis of sustainable development. Based on the anal-ysis of the scientific literature on sustainable rural development, protection, and reproduction of natural resource potential, the methodological basis for the study of the ecological component of sustainable rural development has been formed. In the course of the research monographic, economic-statistical methods and methods of scientific generalization and synthesis were used. Based on the study of the state of agricultural lands, a continuous decrease in fertility as a result of increasing the rate of their degradation is substantiated. It was found that agricultural pro-ducers have reduced capital investment in environmental protection. It is proposed to promote the development of organic production as one of the areas of diversification of agricultural activities in order to reduce degradation processes.