Volumetric MRI measurements in bipolars compared with schizophrenics and healthy controls

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Harvey ◽  
R. Persaud ◽  
M. A. Ron ◽  
G. Baker ◽  
R. M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Volumetric Mri ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Bipolar Group ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Mri Measurements

SynopsisTwenty-six patients with RDC bipolar disorder were compared with a previously reported group of 48 RDC schizophrenics and 34 healthy controls, using volumetric MRI measurements of cerebral, cortical and sulcal volumes. The bipolar group appeared no different from the controls, and both of these groups had significantly larger cerebral and cortical volumes than the schizophrenics. Our previous report of a significantly reduced cortical volume in the schizophrenic group, with a corresponding increase in the volume of sulcal fluid is, therefore, not a generalized feature of psychotic illness but may be more specific to schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Response Processes to Looming Appetitive and Aversive Cues in Euthymic Bipolar Patients and Their First-Degree Relatives: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 025371762097528
Author(s):  
Velprashanth Venkatesan ◽  
Christoday R J Khess ◽  
Umesh Shreekantiah ◽  
Nishant Goyal ◽  
K. K. Kshitiz
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Bipolar Group ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Vulnerability Model ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Appetitive Cues ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background: Patients with bipolar disorder demonstrate increased sensitivity to appetitive/rewarding stimuli even during euthymia. On presentation of arousing pictures, they show a peculiar response, suggesting heightened vigilance. While responding to looming arousing cues, studies show subjects with anxiety spectrum disorders exhibit increased reaction time (RT), explained by the “looming-vulnerability model.” This study aimed to investigate the responses to looming arousing cues in euthymic bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives, as compared to healthy controls. Method: A looming appetitive and aversive cue paradigm was designed for assessing the RT of patients to process appetitive and aversive cues. The behavioral inhibition/activation and sensitivity to reward/punishment amongst the groups were also assessed. Results: The bipolar group showed significantly longer RT to process appetitive cues irrespective of the looming condition. Aversive cues elicited significantly longer RT in both the bipolar group and in first-degree relatives, but only when presented with the looming condition. Significant looming bias was elicited in the bipolar group which suggested a particular cognitive style to looming cues. A composite measure of RT along with sensitivity to reward/punishment distinguishes the bipolar group and their first-degree relatives from the healthy controls. Conclusion: The looming vulnerability model may provide important insights for future exploration of cognitive endophenotypes in bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals Corpus callosum changes in euthymic bipolar affective disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian J. Lloyd ◽  
Heba E. Ali ◽  
David Nesbitt ◽  
P. Brian Moore ◽  
Allan H. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Bipolar Group ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Glial Function

BackgroundChanges in corpus callosum area and thickness have been reported in bipolar disorder. Imaging and limited neuropathological data suggest possible abnormalities in myelination and/or glial function.AimsTo compare corpus callosum area, thickness and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 signal intensity in patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls.MethodA total of 48 patients with euthymic bipolar disorder and 46 healthy controls underwent MRI analysis of callosal midsagittal area, callosal thickness and T1 signal intensity.ResultsThe bipolar group had smaller overall and subregional callosal areas and correspondingly reduced callosal width than the control group. Age correlated negatively with callosal area in the control group but not in the bipolar group. Signal intensity was higher in women than in men in both groups. Signal intensity was reduced in women, but not in men, in the bipolar group.ConclusionsObserved differences probably relate to diagnosis rather than mood state and bipolar disorder appears to result in morphometric change that overrides changes seen in normal ageing. Intensity changes are consistent with possible altered myelination or glial function. A gender-dependent factor appears to operate and to interact with diagnosis.

Comparisons of psychological characteristics between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depressive disorder patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S534-S534
Author(s):  
M.S. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Bipolar Group ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Social Discomfort ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Depressive Patients ◽  
Depressive Group

Introduction and objectivesThis study was conducted to examine the psychological characteristics of the schizophrenia (n = 20), bipolar disorder (n = 20) and depressive disorder (n = 13) patients on MMPI-2 and Rorschach responses.MethodsMMPI-2 and Rorschach was individually administered to all patients, and their Rorschach responses were scored by Exner's comprehensive scoring system. The means of T scores of MMPI-2 subscales and Rorschach scores were compared among the three groups.ResultsThe schizophrenic and bipolar disorder groups showed significantly higher scores on the MMPI-2 K scale than the depressive group, while the depressive group showed significantly higher score on MMPI-2 Si scale than the schizophrenic and bipolar groups. In Rorschach responses, the bipolar and depressive groups obtained significantly higher scores on two variables (FM + m, m) than the schizophrenic group. The bipolar group obtained significantly higher scores on three variables (es, CP, a), suggesting hyperactivity and mood dysregulation.ConclusionsThese results suggested that patients with depressive disorder might subjectively suffer from more severe emotional and social discomfort than patients with the schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, while patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia would be more defensive than the depressive patients.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

Neuroserpin in Bipolar Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 518-523
Author(s):  
Rugül Köse Çinar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
Type I ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
System Functioning

Objective: Neuroserpin is a serine protease inhibitor predominantly expressed in the nervous system functioning mainly in neuronal migration and axonal growth. Neuroprotective effects of neuroserpin were shown in animal models of stroke, brain, and spinal cord injury. Postmortem studies confirmed the involvement of neuroserpin in Alzheimer’s disease. Since altered adult neurogenesis was postulated as an aetiological mechanism for bipolar disorder, the possible effect of neuroserpin gene expression in the disorder was evaluated. Methods: Neuroserpin mRNA expression levels were examined in the peripheral blood of bipolar disorder type I manic and euthymic patients and healthy controls using the polymerase chain reaction method. The sample comprised of 60 physically healthy, middle-aged men as participants who had no substance use disorder. Results: The gene expression levels of neuroserpin were found lower in the bipolar disorder patients than the healthy controls (p=0.000). The neuroserpin levels did not differ between mania and euthymia (both 96% down-regulated compared to the controls). Conclusion: Since we detected differences between the patients and the controls, not the disease states, the dysregulation in the neuroserpin gene could be interpreted as a result of the disease itself.

P.3.a.005 Recognition of faux pas dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, their unaffected relatives and healthy controls

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S306 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ozel-Kizil ◽  
B. Baskak ◽  
P. Uran ◽  
B. Cihan ◽  
E. Zivrali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls

scholarly journals Microscopic Particles in Two Fractions of Fresh Cerebrospinal Fluid in Twins with Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder and in Healthy Controls

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e45994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Johansson ◽  
Rolf Nybom ◽  
Lennart Wetterberg ◽  
Christina M. Hultman ◽  
Tyrone D. Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Healthy Controls

DDR1 methylation is associated with bipolar disorder and the isoform expression and methylation of myelin genes

Epigenomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Garcia-Ruiz ◽  
Manuel Castro de Moura ◽  
Gerard Muntané ◽  
Lourdes Martorell ◽  
Elena Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Isoform Expression

Aim: To investigate DDR1 methylation in the brains of bipolar disorder (BD) patients and its association with DDR1 mRNA levels and comethylation with myelin genes. Materials & methods: Genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation (Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip) corrected for glial composition and DDR1 gene expression analysis in the occipital cortices of individuals with BD (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 15) were conducted. Results: DDR1 5-methylcytosine levels were increased and directly associated with DDR1b mRNA expression in the brains of BD patients. We also observed that DDR1 was comethylated with a group of myelin genes. Conclusion: DDR1 is hypermethylated in BD brain tissue and is associated with isoform expression. Additionally, DDR1 comethylation with myelin genes supports the role of this receptor in myelination.

scholarly journals Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Counts in the Gut Microbiota of Patients With Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Controls

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiko Aizawa ◽  
Hirokazu Tsuji ◽  
Takashi Asahara ◽  
Takuya Takahashi ◽  
Toshiya Teraishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Controls

scholarly journals Long-term trajectory of cognitive performance in people with bipolar disorder and controls: 6-year longitudinal study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timea Sparding ◽  
Erik Joas ◽  
Caitlin Clements ◽  
Carl M. Sellgren ◽  
Erik Pålsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Interaction

Background Cross-sectional studies have found impaired cognitive functioning in patients with bipolar disorder, but long-term longitudinal studies are scarce. Aims The aims of this study were to examine the 6-year longitudinal course of cognitive functioning in patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. Subsets of patients were examined to investigate possible differences in cognitive trajectories. Method Patients with bipolar I disorder (n = 44) or bipolar II disorder (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 59) were tested with a comprehensive cognitive test battery at baseline and retested after 6 years. We conducted repeated measures ANCOVAs with group as a between-subject factor and tested the significance of group and time interaction. Results By and large, the change in cognitive functioning between baseline and follow-up did not differ significantly between participants with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. Comparing subsets of patients, for example those with bipolar I and II disorder and those with and without manic episodes during follow-up, did not reveal subgroups more vulnerable to cognitive decline. Conclusions Cognitive performance remained stable in patients with bipolar disorder over a 6-year period and evolved similarly to healthy controls. These findings argue against the notion of a general progressive decline in cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder.

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