scholarly journals Internal and external validity of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a population-based sample of adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. SANDRA KOOIJ ◽  
JAN K. BUITELAAR ◽  
EDWIN J. van den OORD ◽  
JOHAN W. FURER ◽  
CEES A. TH. RIJNDERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Child Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
Internal And External Validity

Background. Follow-up studies of childhood ADHD have shown persistence of the disorder into adulthood, but no epidemiological data are yet available.Method. ADHD DSM-IV symptoms were obtained by self-report in an adult population-based sample of 1813 adults (aged 18–75 years), that was drawn from an automated general practitioner system used in Nijmegen, The Netherlands. The structure of ADHD symptoms was analysed by means of confirmatory factor analyses. Other data used in this report are the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), information about the presence of three core symptoms of ADHD in childhood, and about current psychosocial impairment.Results. The three-factor model that allowed for cross-loadings provided the best fit in the entire sample. This result was replicated across gender and age subsamples. Inattentive and hyperactivity symptom scores were significantly associated with measures of impairment, even after controlling for the GHQ-28. Subjects with four or more inattentive or hyperactive–impulsive symptoms were significantly more impaired than subjects with two, one and no symptoms. The prevalence of ADHD in adults was 1·0% (95% CI 0·6–1·6) and 2·5% (1·9–3·4) using a cutoff of six and four current symptoms respectively, and requiring the presence of all three core symptoms in childhood.Conclusions. These results support the internal and external validity of ADHD in adults between 18 and 75 years. ADHD is not merely a child psychiatric disorder that persists into young adulthood, but an important and unique manifestation of psychopathology across the lifespan.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Self-Report Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6497
Author(s):  
Isabela Silva Levindo de Siqueira ◽  
Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽  
Samira Nascimento Mamed ◽  
Thays Angélica de Pinho Santos ◽  
Suiany Dias Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Region

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for self-reported diabetes mellitus (DM) in the adult population of the Central-West region of Brazil. In 2013, a cross-sectional study using the data from the National Health Survey and comprising 7519 individuals aged ≥18 years from the Central-West region was conducted. Participants were interviewed at their homes about sociodemographic data and risk factors for DM. To verify the risk factors with DM, the Poisson regression model was used. The analyses were performed for the total sample and stratified according to sex. The prevalence of DM was 6.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 5.7–7.3). The diagnosis of self-reported DM was 4.3% in men and 7.5% in women. In the global sample, it was found that age between 40–59 years and ≥60 years, previous smoking (former smoker), self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity were independently associated with self-reported DM. In men, risk factors were: Age ≥ 60 years, self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, and obesity. In women, risk factors were: Age 30–39 years, 40–59 years, and ≥60 years, previous smoking (former smoker), self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM was 6.5%. DM was associated with advanced age; previous smoking (former smoker), hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity. Some differences in risk factors between men and women were noted.

scholarly journals A New Predictive Model for Breast Cancer Survival in New Zealand: Development, Internal and External Validation, and Comparison With the Nottingham Prognostic Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 227s-227s
Author(s):  
M. Elwood ◽  
S. Tin Tin ◽  
E. Tawfiq ◽  
R.J. Marshall ◽  
T.M. Phung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
External Validity ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Prognostic Index ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Nottingham Prognostic Index ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Internal And External Validity

Background: Women diagnosed with breast cancer, their doctors, and their families, would find a valid estimate of her prognosis helpful in planning treatment and support. Assessing prognosis is complex as many factors influence it. Several predictive models have been produced, but none has been developed or tested on patients in New Zealand (NZ). Aim: We aimed to develop and validate a NZ predictive model (NZPM) for breast cancer, and compare its performance to a widely used UK-developed model, the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI). Methods: We developed a model to predict 10-year breast cancer-specific survival, using data collected prospectively in the largest population-based breast cancer registry in NZ (Auckland, 9182 patients), and assessed its performance in this data set (internal validation) and in an independent NZ population-based series of 2625 patients in Waikato (external validation). The data included all women with primary invasive breast cancer diagnosed from 1 June 2000 to 30 June 2014, with follow-up to death or to 31 December 2014. We used multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression to assess predictors and to estimate the probability of breast cancer mortality within 10 years, and therefore 10-year survival, for each patient. We assessed observed survival by the Kaplan-Meier method. We assessed discrimination by the C-statistic, and calibration by comparing predicted and observed survival rates for patients in 10 groups ordered by predicted 10-year survival. We compared this NZPM with the NPI in the validation data set. Results: The final NZPM used continuous variables of age, tumor size, and number of positive lymph nodes, and categorical variables of ethnicity, tumor stage, tumor grade, ER and PR receptors, HER2 status, and histologic type of tumor. Discrimination was good: C-statistics were 0.84 for internal validity and 0.83 for independent external validity. For calibration, for both internal and external validity, the predicted 10-year survival probabilities in 10 groups of patients, ordered by predicted survival, were all within the 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the observed Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities. The NZPM showed good discrimination even within the prognostic groups defined by the NPI. Conclusion: These results for the NZPM show good internal and external validity, transportability, potential clinical value, and its clear superiority over the NPI. Further research will assess other potential predictors, other outcomes, performance in specific subgroups of patients, and compare the NZPM to other models, which have been developed in other countries and have not yet been tested in NZ.

scholarly journals Co-Occurrence of ASD and ADHD Traits in an Adult Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1407-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Panagiotidi ◽  
Paul G. Overton ◽  
Tom Stafford
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
Common Etiology

Objective: ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be viewed as the extreme end of traits found in the general population. Clinical and genetic studies suggest that ADHD and ASD often co-occur and share genetic susceptibility. The aim of this study was to examine co-occurrence of ADHD and ASD traits in the general population. Method: In total, 334 participants were recruited from a population-based sample. Four questionnaires assessing current and retrospective ADHD and ASD traits were administered online: the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Symptom Checklist, the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-25), the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ), and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Results: A significant correlation was found between ADHD and autistic traits. In particular, higher inattention and overall ADHD scores were associated with self-reported deficits in communication and social skills. Conclusion: Our findings are similar to results from studies on clinical populations, suggesting that ADHD and ASD might share common etiology.

scholarly journals Genetic Factors Underlie Stability of Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniël S. van Grootheest ◽  
Daniëlle Cath ◽  
Jouke Jan Hottenga ◽  
Aartjan T. Beekman ◽  
Dorret I. Boomsma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Time Point

AbstractThe contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the stability of obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms has not yet been established in adult population based samples. We obtained the Young Adult Self Report Obsessive–Compulsive Subscale in mono- and dizygotic twins from the population-based Netherlands Twin Register in 1991, 1995 and 1997 and the Padua Inventory Revised Abbreviated in 2002. Stability of OC symptoms was analyzed as a function of genetic and environmental components. Heritability of OC behavior was around 40% at each time-point, independent of the instrument used. OC behavior was moderately stable with correlations ranging between r = .2 (for 11-year intervals), .4 (for 4–5 year intervals) and .6 (for 2 year intervals). Genetic correlations across time were higher, varying between .4 and .9, indicating that the stability of OC symptoms is mainly due to stable genetic factors. This study showed a moderate heritability and stability for OC behavior in adults. Genetic stability across time is high.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of craniopharyngiomas: a population based study in Malta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Craus ◽  
Mark Gruppetta
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Despite being benign tumours, craniopharyngiomas are challenging to manage and can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both the paediatric and adult population. The aim of the study was to analyse epidemiology of craniopharyngioma, patient and tumour characteristics through a population-based study in Malta, enabling a better quantification of the disease burden. Method: A thorough research was carried out to identify the number of patients who were diagnosed with craniopharyngiomas. Epidemiological data, including both Standardised incidence rates (SIR) and prevalence rates were established in a well-defined population. For incidence estimates, patients who were diagnosed between 2008 and 2019 were included. The background population formed 4.8 million patient-years at risk. Result: 29 subjects were identified and included in our study. The overall SIR was 0.3/100,000/year, with a higher SIR for males compared to females (0.4/100,000/year and 0.2/100,000/year, respectively). The highest SIR was recorded in the 10-19 year age group. The estimated prevalence rate amounted to 5.27/100,000 people, with a lower prevalence rate for childhood onset when compared to the adult-onset category (2.03/100,000 vs 3.24/100,000 people). The median longest tumour diameter was 31.0mm (IQR 21-41), with statistically significant difference between childhood- and adult-onset disease; 43.0mm (IQR 42.5-47.25) vs 27.0mm (IQR 20.55-31.55) (P=0.011). Conclusion: Through this population-based study, accurate and up-to-date prevalence and incidence rates for craniopharyngiomas are reported. These provide a clearer reflection of the true health burden of the disease.

scholarly journals Self- Reported morbidity in adults: population survey in Rio Branco, Brazil, 2007 – 2008

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-325
Author(s):  
Polyana Caroline De Lima Bezerra ◽  
Simone Perufo Opitz ◽  
Rosalina Jorge Koifman ◽  
Gina Torres Rego Monteiro ◽  
Pascoal De Torres Muniz
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
The North ◽  
Life Habits ◽  
Two Stages

Introduction: Epidemiological data allow to know the needs of the communities and can provide subsidies for planning and actions in the health services, hence,  it is necessary to investigate illness and chronic non-communicable diseases in the population of interest. Objective: The objectives of this study are to describe and verify the association between the most prevalent self-reported morbidities in adults regarding the characteristics: socioeconomic, demographic and lifestyle.  Methods: This is a population-based survey conducted with adults (?18 years of age), living in Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil, during the period 2007/2008. The sample consisted of 1516 individuals, from a probabilistic sampling in two stages of a draw. Results: The most prevalent self-reported morbidity was spine/back disease with a percentage of 30.8%, followed by hypertension (28.3%), malaria (28.3%) and depression (18.7%). Regarding socioeconomic and demographic aspects, the most prevalent characteristics were: female gender and low level of formal education, with statistical significance. As for life habits, the most common characteristics with statistical significance were: smoking and physical inactivity. Conclusion: In view of the scarcity of studies of this nature in the North region of Brazil, and especially in the State of Acre, the results regarding the most prevalent self-reported morbidities in the adult population of Rio Branco are of fundamental importance, to alert researchers and health professionals. This contributes to a better adaptation and/or implementation of public strategies for promotion, protection and health assistance.

The German Post-Critical Belief Scale: Internal and External Validity

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Duriez ◽  
Claudia Appel ◽  
Dirk Hutsebaut
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Present Article ◽  
External Validity ◽  
German Version ◽  
Dutch Version ◽  
German Sample ◽  
Belief Scale ◽  
Internal And External Validity

Abstract: Recently, Duriez, Fontaine and Hutsebaut (2000) and Fontaine, Duriez, Luyten and Hutsebaut (2003) constructed the Post-Critical Belief Scale in order to measure the two religiosity dimensions along which Wulff (1991 , 1997 ) summarized the various possible approaches to religion: Exclusion vs. Inclusion of Transcendence and Literal vs. Symbolic. In the present article, the German version of this scale is presented. Results obtained in a heterogeneous German sample (N = 216) suggest that the internal structure of the German version fits the internal structure of the original Dutch version. Moreover, the observed relation between the Literal vs. Symbolic dimension and racism, which was in line with previous studies ( Duriez, in press ), supports the external validity of the German version.

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