Cannabis use disorders in the USA: prevalence, correlates and co-morbidity

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1447-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
FREDERICK S. STINSON ◽  
W. JUNE RUAN ◽  
ROGER PICKERING ◽  
BRIDGET F. GRANT
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis Dependence ◽  
Cannabis Abuse ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorders

Background. The purpose of this study was to present 12-month and lifetime estimates of the prevalence, sociodemographic and clinical correlates, and psychiatric co-morbidity of DSM-IV cannabis abuse and dependence.Method. Data were derived from a large nationally representative survey (n=43093) of US adults.Results. The prevalence of 12-month and lifetime DSM-IV cannabis abuse (1·1% and 7·2%) exceeded the corresponding rates of cannabis dependence (0·3% and 1·3%). Being male, Native American, widowed/separated/divorced, and residing in the West increased the odds whereas being Black, Asian or Hispanic decreased the odds of cannabis abuse and dependence. Cannabis dependence was significantly associated with low income. Ages of onset for both cannabis use disorders occurred in adolescence and the majority of individuals with these disorders remained untreated. Co-morbidity was high between cannabis use disorders and other Axis I and II disorders.Conclusions. Cannabis use disorders continue to present a widespread and serious personal and public health problem. Native Americans were found to have high rates of cannabis use disorders, warranting closer attention to the mental health needs of this subgroup. Associations between cannabis abuse and dependence and Axis I and II disorders were strong, signaling the need for more comprehensive assessment of individuals with cannabis use disorders. Further controlled treatment studies are needed, especially among co-morbid individuals, in view of growing evidence of the adverse personal, medical and societal impacts of cannabis use disorders in the USA.

The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1047-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
FREDERICK S. STINSON ◽  
DEBORAH A. DAWSON ◽  
S. PATRICIA CHOU ◽  
SHARON SMITH ◽  
RISE B. GOLDSTEIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Mean

Background. There is a lack of current detailed national data on the prevalence, correlates, disability and co-morbidity of DSM-IV specific phobia (SP), the prevalence of specific objects and situations feared, and associations between impairment, treatment and co-morbidity and the number of specific situations and objects feared, among adults in the USA.Method. The data were derived from a large (43093) representative sample of the adult population in the USA.Results. Prevalences of 12-month and lifetime DSM-IV SP were 7·1% and 9·4% respectively. Being female, young, and low income increased risk, while being Asian or Hispanic decreased risk (p<0·05). The mean age at onset of SP was 9·7 years, the mean duration of episode was 20·1 years and only 8·0% reported treatment specifically for SP. Most specific phobias involved multiple fears, and an increasing number of fears, regardless of content, was associated with greater disability and impairment, treatment seeking and co-morbidity with other Axis I and II disorders.Conclusions. SP is a highly prevalent, disabling and co-morbid disorder in the US adult population. The early onset of SP and the disorders most strongly associated with it highlights the need for longitudinal studies beginning in early childhood. Results suggest the existence of a generalized subtype of SP much like social phobia, which, once revealed, may lead to a classification of SP that is more etiologically and therapeutically meaningful.

scholarly journals Association of cannabis use-related predictor variables and self-reported psychotic disorders: US adults, 2001-2002 and 2012-2013

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofir Livne ◽  
Dvora Shmulewitz ◽  
Aaron Sarvet ◽  
Deborah Hasin
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Cannabis Dependence ◽  
Epidemiologic Survey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorders ◽  
Over Time

Objective: To determine the association of cannabis use-related variables and self-reported psychotic disorders during two time periods (2001-2002; 2012-2013). Methods: Logistic regression was used to analyze data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC, 2001-2002; N=43,093) and NESARC-III (2012-2013; N=36,309). Among those with and without cannabis predictors (any and frequent [≥3 times a week] non-medical use, DSM-IV cannabis use disorders [CUD], cannabis dependence [CD]), standardized prevalence of past-year self-reported psychotic disorders were estimated. Association was indicated by within-survey differences in psychotic disorders by cannabis-related predictor status. Whether associations changed over time was indicated by difference-in-difference tests (contrasts between the surveys). Results: In both surveys, self-reported psychotic disorders were significantly more prevalent in those with than those without any non-medical cannabis use (2001-2002: 1.65% vs 0.27%; 2012-2013: 1.89% vs. 0.68%), with similar associations in both periods. Self-reported psychotic disorders were unrelated to frequent non-medical use in 2001-2002 but were significantly more prevalent in those with than without frequent non-medical use in 2012-2013 (2.68% vs. 0.71%), with no significant difference over time. In both surveys, self-reported psychotic disorders were significantly more prevalent in those with than without CUD (2001-2002: 2.43% vs. 0.30%; 2012-2013: 3.26% vs. 0.72%), with no significant differences in the associations over time. Self-reported psychotic disorders were unrelated to CD in 2001-2002 but were significantly more prevalent in those with than without CD in 2012-2013 (8.54% vs. 0.73%), showing a significantly stronger relationship in 2012-2013; similarly, among past-year non-medical cannabis users, the association was significantly stronger in 2012-2013. Conclusions: Cannabis-related variables, especially cannabis dependence, remain related to self-reported psychotic disorders. Therefore, clinicians should closely monitor cannabis-dependent users and assess the need for preventive and therapeutic interventions for these individuals.

Cigarette smoking quit ratios among adults in the USA with cannabis use and cannabis use disorders, 2002–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea H Weinberger ◽  
Lauren R Pacek ◽  
Melanie M Wall ◽  
Misato Gbedemah ◽  
Joun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorders

BackgroundThe prevalence of cigarette smoking is nearly three times higher among persons who use cannabis and have cannabis use disorders (CUDs), relative to those who do not. The current study examined cigarette quit ratios from 2002 to 2016 among US adults with and without cannabis use and CUDs.MethodsThe current study analysed US adults aged 18 years and older from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, an annual cross-sectional study. Quit ratios (ie, proportion of former smokers among ever-smokers) were calculated annually from 2002 to 2016. Time trends in quit ratios by cannabis use/CUDs were tested using logistic regression.ResultsIn 2016, the quit ratios for people with any cannabis use (23%) and CUDs (15%) were less than half the quit ratios of those without cannabis use and CUDs (51% and 48%, respectively). After controlling for demographics and substance use disorders, the quit ratio did not change from 2002 to 2016 among persons with CUD, though it non-linearly increased among persons with cannabis use, without cannabis use and without CUDs. Quit ratios increased more rapidly among those who reported past-month cannabis use compared with those without past-month cannabis use.ConclusionsCigarette smoking quit ratios remain dramatically lower among people who use cannabis and have CUDs and quit ratios did not change significantly from 2002 to 2016 among those with CUDs. Public health and clinical attention are needed to increase quit ratios and reduce harmful cigarette smoking consequences for persons with cannabis use and CUDs.

scholarly journals Thought disorder in the meta-structure of psychopathology

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1673-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Keyes ◽  
N. R. Eaton ◽  
R. F. Krueger ◽  
A. E. Skodol ◽  
M. M. Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundDimensional models of co-morbidity have the potential to improve the conceptualization of mental disorders in research and clinical work, yet little is known about how relatively uncommon disorders may fit with more common disorders. The present study estimated the meta-structure of psychopathology in the US general population focusing on the placement of five under-studied disorders sharing features of thought disorder: paranoid, schizoid, avoidant and schizotypal personality disorders, and manic episodes as well as bipolar disorder.MethodData were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a face-to-face interview of 34 653 non-institutionalized adults in the US general population. The meta-structure of 16 DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II psychiatric disorders, as assessed by the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule DSM-IV version (AUDADIS-IV), was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsWe document an empirically derived thought disorder factor that is a subdomain of the internalizing dimension, characterized by schizoid, paranoid, schizotypal and avoidant personality disorders as well as manic episodes. Manic episodes exhibit notable associations with both the distress subdomain of the internalizing dimension as well as the thought disorder subdomain. The structure was replicated for bipolar disorder (I or II) in place of manic episodes.ConclusionsAs our understanding of psychopathological meta-structure expands, incorporation of disorders characterized by detachment and psychoticism grows increasingly important. Disorders characterized by detachment and psychoticism may be well conceptualized, organized and measured as a subdimension of the internalizing spectrum of disorders. Manic episodes and bipolar disorder exhibit substantial co-morbidity across both distress and thought disorder domains of the internalizing dimension. Clinically, these results underscore the potential utility of conceptualizing patient treatment needs using an approach targeting psychopathological systems underlying meta-structural classification rubrics.

scholarly journals The Underdiagnosis of Cannabis Use Disorders and Other Axis-I Disorders Among Military Veterans Within VHA

2012 ◽  
Vol 177 (7) ◽  
pp. 786-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel O. Bonn-Miller ◽  
Meggan M. Bucossi ◽  
Jodie A. Trafton
Keyword(s):  
Military Veterans ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Axis I Disorders ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorders

scholarly journals The complexities of selling fruits and vegetables in remote Navajo Nation retail outlets: perspectives from owners and managers of small stores

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1638-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M Piltch ◽  
Sonya S Shin ◽  
Robert F Houser ◽  
Timothy Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Navajo Nation ◽  
Product Selection ◽  
The Usa

AbstractObjective:Navajo Nation residents experience extreme rates of poverty, food insecurity and diet-related diseases. While many residents travel far to shop at grocery stores, there are small stores closer to home that could provide more healthy options, like fruits and vegetables (F&V). Little is known from the perspective of store owners and managers regarding the barriers and facilitators to offering F&V; the present study contributes to filling that gap.Design:Data were collected through structured interviews from a sampling frame of all store owners or managers in the setting (n 29).Setting:Small stores in Navajo Nation, New Mexico, USA. Navajo Nation is predominantly rural and the largest federally recognized Native American tribe in the USA.Participants:Sixteen managers and six owners at twenty-two stores.Results:When asked about the types of foods that were most commonly purchased at their stores, most participants reported snacks and drinks (82 and 68 %, respectively). Many participants reported they would like to offer more fresh F&V. However, barriers included varying perceived customer demand, limited F&V choices from distributors and (for some managers) limited authority over product selection.Conclusions:Findings contribute to the discussion on engaging store owners and managers in providing quality, healthy foods close to home in low-income, rural regions.

The impact of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among 92 bipolar patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 450-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fornaro ◽  
G. Perugi
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Clinical Variable ◽  
Type I ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)-defined premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) lifetime co-morbidity among 92 bipolar patients.MethodNinety-two women with a lifetime diagnosis of DSM-IV-defined Bipolar Disorder (BD) either type I or type II were consecutively enrolled to determine co-morbidity rates with PMDD and associated clinical features. Measures included the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) rating scale.ResultsIn our sample, 25 (27.2%) patients reported a lifetime history of PMDD according to DSM-IV criteria (PMDD+). PMDD+ reported higher rates of Cyclothymia and BP-II than PMDD− (respectively 72% vs. 36% and 88% vs. 60%). On the contrary, the carbohydrate-craving feature was more represented among PMDD− than PMDD+ (25% vs. 4%). PMDD was also significantly associated with post-partum depression (36% vs. 15%), Obsessive-Compulsive (24% vs. 7.5%) and Body Dysmorphic Disorders (24% vs. 6%). Finally, PMDD+ reported higher total number of Axis I co-morbid disorders than PMDD−.ConclusionsIn our cohort of BD women, PMDD is a frequent co-morbid condition, in particular among patients with BD-II or Cyclothymia. Multiple co-morbidities also represent a clinical variable associated with PMDD. Further perspective studies are necessary to better define the relationships between PMDD and BD.

scholarly journals Cannabis Use Patterns and Their Association with DSM-IV Cannabis Dependence and Gender

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Noack ◽  
M. Höfler ◽  
U. Lueken
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis Dependence ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
And Gender
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