Mental disorders and personality traits as determinants of impaired work functioning

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1627-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. C. Michon ◽  
M. ten Have ◽  
H. Kroon ◽  
J. van Weeghel ◽  
R. de Graaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Work Functioning ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
Work Impairment ◽  
Working People

BackgroundBoth mental disorders and personality characteristics are associated with impaired work functioning, but these determinants have not yet been studied together. The aim of this paper is to examine the impairing effects that mental disorders and personality characteristics (i.e. neuroticism, locus of control and self-esteem) have on work functioning.MethodData for a representative sample of 3570 working people were derived from the first two waves of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS), a prospective cohort study in the Dutch adult population.ResultsHigher neuroticism, more external locus of control and lower self-esteem were each significantly associated with subsequent impairment in work functioning, independently of any effects from mental disorders. Associations between mental disorders and subsequent work impairment disappeared once personality traits were taken into account. Personality traits did not moderate the relationships between mental disorders and work functioning.ConclusionsWorking people with vulnerable personalities have a greater risk of impaired work functioning, independent of the risk from any mental disorder they may have.

scholarly journals Bedtime Procrastination Partially Mediates the Impact of Personality Characteristics on Daytime Fatigue Resulting From Sleep Deficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoslawa Herzog-Krzywoszanska ◽  
Beata Jewula ◽  
Lukasz Krzywoszanski
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Bedtime Procrastination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Getting good and sufficiently long sleep at night is important for health, effective functioning, and well-being. However, insufficient or delayed sleep are important and growing social problems that can lead to fatigue, poor performance, deterioration of well-being, circadian rhythm disturbances, and health problems. One of the significant determinants of sleep deprivation is bedtime procrastination, which is understood as the individual tendency to postpone going to bed in the absence of any external circumstances that force one to do so. Nowadays, this phenomenon is widespread in various social groups, especially among students. Despite the high prevalence of bedtime procrastination, its relationship with personality characteristics has not yet been thoroughly studied. The presented research aimed to identify the possible impact of the basic dispositional personality traits and trait-like personality characteristics on bedtime procrastination and daytime fatigue resulting from a deficiency of sleep at night. The responses from 399 university students who voluntarily took part in an internet survey were analyzed. The severity of bedtime procrastination was assessed using the Bedtime Procrastination Scale. Five basic dispositional personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness/intellect) and their components (aspects) were measured using the International Personality Item Pool – Big Five Aspects Scale. Self-esteem and general self-efficacy were assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Perceived locus of control was measured using the Delta Questionnaire. The direct and indirect relationships between personality variables and daytime fatigue were investigated using linear regression models with bedtime procrastination as a mediator variable. Industriousness and orderliness, both of which are aspects of conscientiousness, were found to be indirectly associated with daytime fatigue as a consequence of their impact on bedtime procrastination. Volatility and withdrawal, both of which are aspects of neuroticism, were found to be directly related to daytime fatigue without the intermediary impact of bedtime procrastination. Self-esteem was shown to be associated with experiencing daytime fatigue, both directly and indirectly through bedtime procrastination. General self-efficacy and external locus of control were associated with daytime fatigue only directly, without the intermediary role of bedtime procrastination. The results of our research indicate that personality factors may not only play an important role in shaping sleep-related health behaviors, but they also affect well-being during the day.

scholarly journals What are psychological constructs? On the nature and statistical modeling of emotions, intelligence, personality traits and mental disorders.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiko I Fried
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Statistical Modeling ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Constructs

Many scholars have raised two related questions: what are psychological constructs such as cognitions, emotions, attitudes, personality characteristics, and intelligence? And how are they best modeled statistically? This paper provides (1) an overview of common theories and statistical models, (2) connects these two domains, and (3) discusses how the recently proposed framework pragmatic nihilism (Peters & Crutzen, 2017) fits in.

scholarly journals Psychological characteristics as the predictors of subjective well-being in future class and preschool teachers

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Marija Sakac ◽  
Mia Maric
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Preschool Teachers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Variance Explained

Psychological well-being is a significant determinant of mental health and success in profession of future class and preschool teachers. Hence, it is extremely important to investigate the individual factors that contribute to it. The aim of this research is to determine the contribution of personality traits, self-esteem and the locus of control in predicting the degree of subjective well-being in future class and preschool teachers. The sample included 418 students. The following instruments were used in the research: the Short Subjective Well-being Scale (KSB), the Big Five Plus Two questionnaire (VP+2), Rosenberg?s Self-Esteem Scale and the Scale for Measuring the Locus of Control (LO K IM-2). The results indicate that all three investigated categories of individual factors significantly predict the affective (64% of variance explained) and cognitive component (51% of variance explained) of subjective wellbeing, whereby personality traits proved to be the most important predictors. Neuroticism and extraversion contribute most to positive affectivity (N?=-0,801; E?=- 0,794) and a positive attitude towards life (N?=-0,701; E?=-0,736). The educational implications refer to the possibilities of encouraging and developing those individual personality traits that significantly contribute to subjective well-being of future class and preschool teachers. In this way, we can also contribute to their mental health, which is the necessary precondition of the accomplishment of educational work.

scholarly journals Personality, humor styles and happiness: Happy people have positive humor styles

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Ford ◽  
Shaun K. Lappi ◽  
Christopher J. Holden
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Humor Styles ◽  
Happy People ◽  
Aggressive Humor

The present study examined the relationships between four personality traits, humor styles, and happiness. Replicating previous research, happiness was positively correlated with four personality traits: extraversion, locus of control, self-esteem, and optimism. Further, happiness positively related to self-enhancing and affiliative humor styles; it related negatively to self-defeating and aggressive humor styles. Thus, happy people habitually engage in positive uses of humor and avoid engaging in negative uses of humor in daily life. We also found support for our hypothesis. People high in extraversion, locus of control, self-esteem, and optimism are happier because they engage in positive humor in daily life.

Characteristics of High and Low Self-Esteem in the Elderly

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen I. Hunter ◽  
Margaret W. Linn ◽  
Rachel Harris
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Control Orientation ◽  
Reported Health

Self-esteem is fundamental to the elderly's experience of life. To examine what background and personality characteristics were associated with low and high self-esteem in the elderly, 250 men and women age sixty-five and older were studied. Elderly with either high or low self-esteem did not differ with respect to age, income, education, or living-arrangement. However, the low self-esteem group had poorer self-reported health, more pain, and higher disability. The low self-esteem group had significantly higher scores on depression, anxiety, somatization, and a more external locus of control orientation both with and without health variables controlled. These data suggest that intervention may be a viable aid in promoting better feelings toward the self for persons over age sixty-five.

Psychological Empowerment as a Criterion for Adjustment to a New Job

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1083-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Vardi
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Personality Test ◽  
Job Change ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Employment Testing ◽  
Managerial Support ◽  
Testing Center

Interview data from 120 professionals and managers, collected by telephone after they experienced a job change, were matched with personality test scores from an employment testing center. Four dimensions of psychological empowerment (self-determination, meaning, competence, and impact) were tested as criteria, and four personality traits (achievement, endurance, locus of control, and self-esteem), measured prior to the job change, were used as predictors. In a multiple regression analysis the personality traits accounted for 26% of the variance in overall empowerment, and locus of control emerged as an important antecedent. Additional analyses pointed to perceived managerial support, sex, and rank as possible moderators. Ideas for further research and theoretical extension are discussed.

Well-being at work from a multilevel perspective: what is the role of personality traits?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 298-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Parent-Lamarche ◽  
Alain Marchand
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychological Demands

PurposeIt is of great importance for organizations to identify what can influence employees’ well-being. The theoretical model that the authors propose combines psychological and social determinants of stress at work. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the contribution of work organization conditions, personality traits and their interaction to well-being in a sample of Canadian workers and companies.Design/methodology/approachMultilevel regression analyses were performed on a sample of 1,957 workers employed in 63 Quebec firms. Work organization conditions included (skill utilization, decision authority, psychological demands, physical demands, job insecurity, irregular schedule, number of working hours, social support from colleagues and supervisors, job promotion, and recognition) and personality traits included (self-esteem, locus of control and Big Five).FindingsWork organization conditions (psychological demands, number of hours worked and job insecurity) and personality (self-esteem, locus of control, extraversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness) were significantly associated with well-being. The results of the analysis show that none of the personality traits included in this study interacts with work organization conditions to explain workers’ level of well-being.Originality/valueThis study provides support for the implementation of human resource management (HRM) practices in order to diminish the presence of stressful working conditions as well as for the eventual development of training programs designed to raise personality traits.

scholarly journals Types of Attitudes toward Traits and Their Role in Selfand Other Assessments

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-559
Author(s):  
Milena V. Baleva ◽  
Olga I. Polyanina ◽  
Irina V. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Traits

The study integrates the experimental and descriptive approaches to the attitudes. The assumptions that the emotional, cognitive and behavioral components of attitudes toward personality traits, as well as the types of these attitudes mediate the selfand the Other assessments are under consideration. The study involved 314 students aged 18 to 30 years old (M = 20.23; SD = 1.59), of which 79 men (25%) and 235 women (75%). To measure attitudes toward traits, as well as the selfand the Other assessments, a list of 20 antonymic adjectives denoting personality characteristics was used. The objects of perception were young man and woman who answered the questions of the Short Dark Triad Questionnaire as an absolutely “good” or “bad” person. Using cluster analysis, different types of attitudes toward traits were highlighted within each component (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral). These types were determined by the participants’ position in relation to positive and negative traits. The attained results indicate that the subject’s self-esteem depends on the attitudes toward traits and detects different severity depending on the attitudes type. The highest self-esteem is observed in those subjects who: 1) consider that positive traits are more common than negative; 2) give highly contrast emotional ratings to positive and negative traits; 3) believe that positive traits are less controlled than negative ones. The assessment of the Other also reveals a connection with the types of the attitudes toward traits: the “good” Other is rated higher when the emotional attitudes toward traits are highly contrast, while the “bad” Other is rated higher when: 1) the negative traits are treated as more common; 2) the contrast between positive and negative traits is perceived as moderate. The results obtained open up the new perspectives for the correction of the selfand the Other assessments through the formation of attitudes toward traits.

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