Ethnicity, socio-economic status and self-harm in Swedish youth: a national cohort study

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jablonska ◽  
L. Lindberg ◽  
F. Lindblad ◽  
A. Hjern
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown an elevated risk for self-harm in adolescents from ethnic minorities. However, potential contributions to this risk from socio-economic factors have rarely been addressed. The main aim of this article was to investigate any such effects.MethodA national cohort of 1009 157 children born during 1973–1982 was followed prospectively from 1991 to 2002 in Swedish national registers. Multivariate Cox analyses of proportional hazards were used to estimate the relative risk of hospital admission for self-harm. Parental country/region of birth was used as proxy for ethnicity.ResultsYouth with two parents born outside Sweden (except those from Southern Europe) had higher age- and gender-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of self-harm than the majority population (HR 1.6–2.3). The HRs decreased for all immigrant groups when socio-economic factors were accounted for but remained significantly higher for immigrants from Finland and Western countries and for youth with one Swedish-born and one foreign-born parent.ConclusionsSocio-economic factors explain much of the variation by parental country of birth of hospital admissions for self-harm in youth in Sweden.

scholarly journals Suicide trends and characteristics in Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Carolina de Mello-Santos ◽  
José Manoel Bertolote ◽  
Yuan-Pang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Populous Country ◽  
Related Mortality ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Brazil is the largest and most populous country in South America (in 2002 the population was approximately 175 million). Although life expectancy in Brazil has increased, suicide and other forms of injury-related mortality, such as homicide and accident, have increased as a proportion of overall mortality (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 1984; Brazil Ministry of Health, 2001). The suicide rate in Brazil (3.0–4.0 per 100 000 inhabitants) is not considered high in global terms (World Health Organization, 1999). Nevertheless, it has followed the world tendency towards growth: during 1980–2000, the suicide rate in Brazil increased by 21%. Elderly people present the highest suicide rates in absolute numbers, but the alarming finding in the Brazilian data is that the youth population is increasingly dying by suicide (Mello-Santos et al, 2005). This statistic partially confirms a forecast by Diekstra & Guilbinat (1993) that the number of deaths by suicide would dramatically increase over the next decades, mainly in developing countries, including Latin America. In these regions, socio-economic factors (such as an increase in divorce and unemployment and a decrease in religiosity) increase the risk of self-harm. We discuss the reasons for the low suicide rate in Brazil and highlight the socio-economic factors affecting its increase among the youth population in particular.

scholarly journals A Study of Anthropometric and Socio-economic Factors Associated with Delayed Menarche in a Bengali Indian Population with Special Reference to BMI and 2D:4D Ratio

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Suddhasatta Ghosh ◽  
Dilip Mukherjee ◽  
Riddhi Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
P Value ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Parental Height ◽  
Age Of Menarche ◽  
Delayed Menarche ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Introduction: The average age of menarche has declined over the last century but the magnitude of the decline and the factors responsible remain subjects of contention. Aims and Objectives: To study a group with delayed menarche in a cohort of Bengali Indian females with low to normal body weight. To investigate anthropometric characteristics (height, mid-parental height, weight, BMI), Socio-economic Status, Sexual Maturity Rating (SMR) stages and 2D: 4D ratio ( ratio of lengths of second and fourth digits of both hands) in those with delayed menarche. To analyse the correlation of these factors with delayed age of menarche. Materials and Methods: A total of 614 children , aged 11- 16 completed years, of low to middle income family groups and attending suburban schools, were evaluated on the basis of predetermined questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Correlation of factors with delayed age of menarche was done by appropriate statistical methods Results and Analysis: Out of 190 children having delayed menarche (cases) and 424 children with normal age of menarche (controls) , the height percentile (p value: 0.642), BMI ( p value: 0.091), weight (p value: 0.12)and Mid-Parental Height (p value: 0.26) had no significant correlation , while SMR ( p value:0.00), 2D:4D ratio (p value:0.002) and low Socio-economic Status (p value: 0.00) had a significant correlation with delayed menarche. Conclusion: This study is the first to examine such a wide variety of anthropometric and socio-economic factors at a time in a single cohort of females with delayed menarche. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i4.5902 Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.3(4) 2012 pp.24-31

scholarly journals Demographic and socio-economic factors affecting birth preparation and complication readiness (BPCR) practices in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Complication Readiness ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistics Regression ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Government ◽  
Status Of Women ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

BPCR practices by women in Nepal are still low. Still a relatively high percentage of women do not make BPCR to its fullest extent. Researches in developing countries show that various demographic, social and economic factors influence the BPCR practices by pregnant women. This paper examines the likelihood of BPCR practices based on women’s demographic, social and economic status in Nepal. NDHS 2011 data set has been utilized by applying bivariate logistics regression analysis technique to examine the effects of these variables on BPCR practices in Nepal. The analysis result shows high variations and gaps in BPCR practice based on demographic, social and economic status of women. Against this finding the study recommends implementation of appropriate policy and program measures by the government and other agencies to address the existing variations and gaps in BPCR practices among subgroups of women in Nepal. Further research studies focusing on the existing barriers on BPCR practice need to be conducted in Nepal especially among the women who are disadvantaged and marginalized.

Socio-economic factors and management practices followed in eastern Uttar Pradesh for rearing of Jaunpuri goat

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Kumar ◽  
V. Singh ◽  
Alok Yadav ◽  
Amit Jha ◽  
Jitendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Eastern Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The present investigation was undertaken to study the management practices and socio-economic factors affecting the farming of Jaunpuri goat in two districts of its native tracts in eastern Uttar Pradesh. viz., Allahabad and Jaunpur. Ten villages from Jaunpur and fifteen villages from Allahabad district were randomly selected for the present investigation. The findings revealed that most of the goat farmers in Jaunpur and Allahabad district were of marginal type in their land holding capacity with 47.61 and 68.18% respectively and they earned more than Rs.5000 per annum from goatery. Besides the goatery, the other professions of goat rearers are 60% farming, 33.33% labor, 6.67% small business in Jaunpur and 58.82% labour, 41.18% farming in Allahabad district. The literacy of the head of the Jaunpuri goat rearing family was 66.67 and 68.18 % respectively in the Jaunpur and Allahabad district and most of farmers have 6-8 members per family. The farmers of both districts used to house their goats mostly during night time. The result indicated that 70.48 and 80.91% farmers from Jaunpur and Allahabad districts keep their animal in the house during night. However, 29.52 and 19.09% of the farmers used to keep their animals in the goat shed both day and night. The overall percentages of close and open type house were 27.91 and 72.09%, respectively in Jaunpur and Allahabad district. Most goat sheds were Kuccha type, because of the poor economic status of goat farmer in these districts. The Jaunpuri goat is dual type of goat which produces milk and meat both. Thus the present findings indicated that in both the districts the farmers reared this breed for dual purpose.

Association of perinatal factors and school performance in primary school Chilean children

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Villarroel ◽  
L. Karzulovic ◽  
J. Manzi ◽  
J. G. Eriksson ◽  
F. Mardones
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The associations between school performance and cognitive abilities with birth characteristics have mostly been studied without taking into consideration the effects of gestational age (GA). Our aim was to study the association between prenatal growth and cognitive function in term-born Chilean school children. A cohort of over 200,000 term-born fourth graders who took the regular national test for school performance was studied. Outcome parameters were language and mathematics test scores in relation to prenatal growth. A total of 256,040 subjects took the test and 220,940 were included in the final study sample. Prenatal growth was modestly, but significantly, associated with school performance. Adjusted β coefficients for 1 cm increase in birth length were 1.28 and 0.77 for mathematics and language, respectively; the corresponding values for 100 g increase in birth weight were 0.59 and 0.34, respectively. Increased GA was associated with lower test scores. Adjusted β coefficients for the birth measurements generally had a lower strength of association than those of socio-economic factors. However, the confounders most strongly associated with educational achievements were socio-economic factors, known to be associated with birth size. Lower socio-economic status is known to negatively influence both prenatal growth and cognitive function, supporting the overall importance of prenatal growth in relation to cognitive outcomes.

scholarly journals Hospital admissions for stress-related presentations among school-aged adolescents during term time versus holidays in England: weekly time series and retrospective cross-sectional analysis

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Blackburn ◽  
Omotomilola Ajetunmobi ◽  
Louise Mc Grath-Lone ◽  
Pia Hardelid ◽  
Roz Shafran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rate Ratios

Background Schools are a potential stressor for adolescents and may contribute to emergency hospital admissions. Aims We describe rates of stress-related presentations (SRPs) among school-aged adolescents (11–17 years) during school terms and holidays, and explore differences by age and gender. Method Using national administrative hospital data, we defined an SRP as an emergency hospital admission with a primary diagnosis related to pain, psychosomatic symptoms (e.g. fatigue) or mental health problems, or with self-harm indicated in any diagnostic position. We estimated incidence rate ratios for weekly SRPs in term time versus holidays from 2014–2015 to 2017–2018, using negative binomial regression models, stratified by age and gender. We estimated the cumulative incidence of any SRP between 11 and 17 years by analysing prior hospital admission histories of adolescents with an SRP in 2017–2018. Results Over the 4-year study period, 305 491 SRPs in 171 013 school-aged adolescents accounted for 31% of emergency admissions for this group. SRPs were predominantly for mental health problems or self-harm (38%), or pain (35%). Weekly admission rates for SRPs were higher in term time than holidays for all ages (age-specific incidence rate ratios were 1.15–1.49 for girls and 1.08–1.60 for boys). Rates were highest for girls aged 14 and 15 years. The estimated cumulative incidence of any SRP between 11 and 17 years was 7.9% for girls and 4.1% for boys. Conclusions Hospital admissions for SRPs are common among adolescents, affecting around two girls and one boy in every classroom. Higher rates in term time than holidays suggest that school factors may contribute.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the use of firewood post-electrification in rural South Africa: The case of Ga-Malahlela village

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahlodi Esther Masekela ◽  
Khomotso Semenya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Local Municipality ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Despite improved electrification rates and several government policies introduced to encourage rural households to switch from traditional to modern fuels, most South African households still rely on firewood for their energy needs. This study sought to assess the factors that influence the use of firewood in Ga-Malahlela village in the Limpopo province. To this end, a structured questionnaire was administered to 67 households. Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences were used to code and log in the data. The chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between the choice of energy source(s) and socio-economic factors. It was established that firewood was still widely used: by 61% of the participants for cooking, by 64% for space heating, and by 46% for water heating. For lighting, electricity was used by 98.5% of the participants, while liquefied petroleum gas was used by 1.5%. The dependency on firewood was mainly due to the socio-economic status of the surveyed households, which included income, education level, household size, and preference. Rural firewood reliance continues, due to socio-economic factors such as indigence, preference, and the inaccessibility of services like free basic electricity. It is therefore recommended that the Polokwane Local Municipality should play a part in assisting poor communities with cleaner, cost-effective fuel alternatives such as solar energy, biogas, and liquefied petroleum gas.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Factors Contributing to Female Students’ Dropout in Community Technical Colleges in Thyolo and Phalombe Districts: A Case of Milonga and Naminjiwa Technical Colleges

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Alfred Moyo ◽  
Lilian Sankhulani ◽  
Stella Namalima
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Technical Colleges ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Most students in community technical colleges dropout before completion of their training course, particularly female students, which is counterproductive with regard to women empowerment. This paper therefore, reports on a study that was conducted at Milonga and Naminjiwa community technical colleges in Thyolo and Phalombe districts respectively. Thus, the study sought to establish probable socio-economic factors that influence dropout of female students from the two colleges, with a view of finding solutions to the problem. The two colleges were earmarked for the study because of their proximity to tea estates where manpower is the main source of labour for the tea industry. In addition, people in the two districts have similar cultural beliefs and economic status. Population of the study covered both female and male students including principals and instructors of the two technical colleges. In addition, identified parents of female students who dropped out of school were also part of the study. Thus, the study was conducted through qualitative research method so as to have an in-depth understanding of people views. Data was collected with reference to objectives of the study and then thematically analyzed. The study revealed several socio-economic factors that contribute to dropout of female students from the two colleges such as: cost of training and poverty, domestic chores and parents’ characteristics, cultural factors, early marriages and gender difference including training environment. However, the relationship among students and instructors showed that it had no effect on dropout as it was cordial and amicable. Recommendations to policy makers and other stakeholders were proposed as follows: Government and Ministry of Labour Skills and Innovation should have a national policy to provide bursaries and loans to needy students. The government should construct hostels at the two colleges to have conducive training environment. Ministry of Labour Skills and Innovation should organize awareness campaign programmes to sensitize the community surrounding the two colleges on the importance of TVET. Ministry of Labour Skills and Innovation should recruit more female instructors to act as role models to other female students.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Faktor Sosial Ekonomi Dan Materialism pada Personal Financial Behavior melalui Financial Literacy Mahasiswa Akuntansi

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1575
Author(s):  
Luh Gede Krisna Dewi ◽  
Made Yenni Latrini
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Learning Patterns ◽  
Parent Status ◽  
Personal Financial Behavior ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The aims of this study is to analyze and to find empirical evidence of the influence of socio-economic factors and materialism on the personal financial behavior of accounting students through their level of financial literacy. The research sample is accounting students at Bukit Jimbaran Campus determined using purposive sampling method. From the sampling process, 67 respondents completed the questionnaire. This study uses path analysis techniques (path analysis). The results of this study found that the financial literacy variable was able to mediate the relationship between the parents' socio-economic status on the pattern of personal financial behavior of accounting students. Social status and materialism attitudes also become factors that influence the level of financial literacy of students and their personal financial behavior. The implications of this research are expected to be useful for educational institutions to develop educational curricula and learning patterns related to socio-economic factors (parent status or income) and psychological factors (materialism) in influencing personal financial behavior of accounting students through the financial literacy level. Keywords: Personal Financial Behavior; Socio-Economic Factors; Materialism; Financial Literacy.

scholarly journals Depression and socio-economic risk factors: 7-year longitudinal population study

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Lorant ◽  
Christophe Croux ◽  
Scott Weich ◽  
Denise Deliège ◽  
Johan Mackenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Material Standard Of Living ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Material Standard

BackgroundLow socio-economic status is associated with a higher prevalence of depression, but it is not yet known whether change in socio-economic status leads to a change in rates of depression.AimsTo assess whether longitudinal change in socio-economic factors affects change of depression level.MethodIn a prospective cohort study using the annual Belgian Household Panel Survey (1992–1999), depression was assessed using the Global Depression Scale. Socio-economic factors were assessed with regard to material standard of living, education, employment status and social relationships.ResultsA lowering in material standard of living between annual waves was associated with increases in depressive symptoms and caseness of major depression. Life circumstances also influenced depression. Ceasing to cohabit with a partner increased depressive symptoms and caseness, and improvement in circumstances reduced them; the negative effects were stronger than the positive ones.ConclusionsThe study showed a clear relationship between worsening socio-economic circumstances and depression.

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