scholarly journals Eighty-five per cent of what? Discrepancies in the weight cut-off for anorexia nervosa substantially affect the prevalence of underweight

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Thomas ◽  
C. A. Roberto ◽  
K. D. Brownell
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Insurance Reimbursement ◽  
False Consensus ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Subclinical Eating Disorders ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundDSM-IV cites <85% of expected body weight (EBW) as a guideline for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN) but does not require a specific method for calculating EBW. The purpose of the present study was to determine the degree to which weight cut-off calculations vary across studies, and to evaluate whether differential cut-offs lead to discrepancies in the prevalence of individuals who are eligible for the AN diagnosis.MethodTwo coders independently recorded the EBW calculation methods from 99 studies that either (a) compared individuals with AN to those with subclinical eating disorders or (b) conducted AN treatment trials. Each weight cut-off was applied to a nationally representative (n=12001) and treatment-seeking (n=189) sample to determine the impact of EBW calculation on the proportion who met the AN weight criterion.ResultsCoders identified 10 different EBW methods, each of which produced different weight cut-offs for the diagnosis of AN. Although only 0.23% of the national sample met the lowest cut-off, this number increased 43-fold to 10.10% under the highest cut-off. Similarly, only 48.1% of treatment seekers met the lowest cut-off, whereas 89.4% met the highest.ConclusionsThere is considerable variance across studies in the determination of the AN weight cut-off. Discrepancies substantially affect the proportion of individuals who are eligible for diagnosis, treatment and insurance reimbursement. However, differences may not be fully appreciated because the ubiquitous citation of the 85% criterion creates a sense of false consensus.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial peptides in patients with anorexia nervosa: comparison with healthy controls and the impact of weight gain

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Christin Bendix ◽  
Michael Stephan ◽  
Mariel Nöhre ◽  
Wally Wünsch-Leiteritz ◽  
Hagen Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractClinical observations show that patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are surprisingly free from infectious diseases. There is evidence from studies in Drosophila melanogaster that starvation leads to an increased expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs are part of the innate immune system and protect human surfaces from colonization with pathogenic bacteria, viruses and fungi. We compared the expression of AMPs between patients with AN and healthy controls (HC) and investigated the influence of weight gain. Using a standardized skin rinsing method, quantitative determination of the AMPs psoriasin and RNase 7 was carried out by ELISA. Even though non-significant, effect sizes revealed slightly higher AMP concentrations in HC. After a mean weight gain of 2.0 body mass index points, the concentration of psoriasin on the forehead of patients with AN increased significantly. We could not confirm our hypotheses of higher AMP concentrations in patients with AN that decrease after weight gain. On the contrary, weight gain seems to be associated with increasing AMP concentrations.

scholarly journals POLYGENETIC SCORE IS ASSOCIATED WITH T2D; EVIDENCE FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S892-S893
Author(s):  
Fadi Youkhana ◽  
Yanyan Wu ◽  
Mika Thompson ◽  
Catherine M Pirkle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Risk Alleles ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex chronic disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Studies that use a combined polygenetic score (PGS), calculated based on the number of risk alleles an individual may have, are rarely applied to a representative national sample. We used data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a nationally representative study of older U.S. adults 50-years or older to examine the impact of PGS and behavioral risk factors (education, poverty ratio, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption and physical activity) with incident T2D. We used ethnic-straitifed Poisson generalized estimating equation (GEE) models with robust standard errors to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and risk ratios (RRs). Our sample included genotyped Black (N=2,823) and White (N=11,178) men and women.The highest PRs for T2D were among those in the 5th PGS quintile in both Whites (PR=2.24, 95%CI 1.89, 2.65, P-value &lt;0.0001) and Blacks (PR=1.73, 95%CI 1.28,2.33, P-value 0.0003). The highest risk for T2D was among obese Whites (RR=3.35, 95%CI 2.93,3.82, P-value &lt;0.0001) and Blacks (RR=1.60, 95%CI 1.28, 2.00, P-value &lt;0.0001). Our findings found associations between PGS and T2D as well as some lifestyle factors among both Black and White individuals in a nationally representative sample with similar patterns in age, physical activity and poverty ratio. Our study supports the importance of including modifiable and non-modifiable life-style factors in the analysis of risk alleles for T2D to continue addressing the disparities between T2D risk between race/ethnicity groups

The Impact of Neurofeedback-Training on the affective rating of different image categories in Anorexia Nervosa

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Trinker ◽  
HF Unterrainer ◽  
N Lackner ◽  
A Novosel ◽  
M Dunitz-Scheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Affective Rating ◽  
The Impact

Assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax spending towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of advanced development territory

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Mikhailovna Popova ◽  
Guzel Mukhtarovna Guseinova ◽  
Sergei Borisovich Milov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced Development

The deficit of subnational budgets and deceleration capital investments in multiple Russian regions increase the relevance of research aimed at improvement of tax incentivizing practice of the regional investment process. The studies focused on determination of the impact of socioeconomic and institutional factors upon the efficiency of investment tax expenses obtained wide circulation within the foreign scientific literature. The subject of this article is the assessment of sensitivity of the efficiency of regional tax expanses towards investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity carried out by the residents of territories of advanced socioeconomic development, created in the subjects of Far Easter Federal District. The scientific novelty and practical values of this research consists in substantiation of the reasonableness of assessment of investment attractiveness of the types of economic activity that are stimulated by tax incentives. Methodology for assessing investment attractiveness is proposed and tested. The conclusion is made that in case of low investment attractiveness of the type of economic activity, which was planned to support by tax incentives, it is required to conduct and additional analysis to avoid unjustified tax expanses.

State Medical Board Disciplinary Hearings as Tools for Teaching Professionalism in Medical Education

2011 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Onelia G. Lage ◽  
Sydney F. Pomenti ◽  
Edwin Hayes ◽  
Kristen Barrie ◽  
Nancy Baker
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Medical Board ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
State Medical Boards ◽  
State Medical Board ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT This article proposes a partnership of state medical boards with medical schools to supplement professionalism and ethics education for medical students, residents, physicians and faculty members of medical institutions. The importance of professionalism has been recognized by several studies, but a specific method of teaching and developing professionalism has yet to emerge. Studies suggest that there is an association between a lack of professionalism in medical school and future disciplinary actions by medical boards. However, there has been little collaboration between these institutions in addressing unprofessional behaviors. One collaborative concept that holds promise, however, is the idea of inviting medical students to attend physician disciplinary hearings. Students and physicians alike report that watching a hearing can significantly impact attitudes about professionalism as a part of medical practice. While formal research is scarce, the positive response of individual students who experience disciplinary hearings firsthand suggests that further pilot studies may be useful. Presented in this paper are the perspectives of three individuals — a medical student, a faculty member and a medical board chair — who discuss the impact and potential of attending disciplinary hearings in developing professionalism and ethics. Also included is a review of the current literature.

Method development for the determination of textural properties of sugar beet roots

2019 ◽  
pp. 392-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Kleuker ◽  
Christa M. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
Sample Distribution ◽  
The Impact

The harvest of sugar beet leads to root tip breakage and surface damage through mechanical impacts, which increase storage losses. For the determination of textural properties of sugar beet roots with a texture analyzer a reliable method description is missing. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of washing, soil tare, storage period from washing until measurement, sample distribution and number of roots on puncture and compression measurements. For this purpose, in 2017 comprehensive tests were conducted with sugar beet roots grown in a greenhouse. In a second step these tests were carried out with different Beta varieties from a field trial, and in addition, a flexural test was included. Results show that the storage period after washing and the sample distribution had an influence on the puncture and compression strength. It is suggested to wash the roots by hand before the measurement and to determine the strength no later than 48 h after washing. For reliable and comparable results a radial distribution of measurement points around the widest circumference of the root is recommended for the puncture test. The sample position of the compression test had an influence on the compressive strength and therefore, needs to be clearly defined. For the puncture and the compression test it was possible to achieve stable results with a small sample size, but with increasing heterogeneity of the plant stand a higher number of roots is required. The flexural test showed a high variability and is, therefore, not recommended for the analysis of sugar beet textural properties.

Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Canagliflozin and Metformin HCl in Rat Plasma and its Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 752-762
Author(s):  
Vivek Nalawade ◽  
Vaibhav A. Dixit ◽  
Amisha Vora ◽  
Himashu Zade
Keyword(s):  
Internal Standard ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
One Step ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Metformin Hcl

Background: Food and herbal extracts rich in Quercetin (QRT) are often self-medicated by diabetics and can potentially alter the pharmacokinetics (PK) of Metformin HCl (MET) and Canagliflozin (CNG) leading to food or herb-drug interactions and reduced therapeutic efficacy. However, the impact of these flavonoids on the pharmacokinetic behaviour of MET and CNG is mostly unknown. Methods: A simple one-step protein precipitation method was developed for the determination of MET and CNG from rat plasma. The mobile phase chosen was MeOH 65% and 35% water containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 1mL/min. Results: The retention time of MET, internal standard (Valsartan) and CNG was 1.83, 6.2 and 8.2 min, respectively. The method was found to be linear in the range of 200 - 8000 ng/mL for CNG and 100 = 4000 ng/ml for MET. Precision and accuracy of the method were below 20% at LLOQ and below 15% for LQC, MQC, and HQC. Conclusion: The method was successfully applied for the determination of PK of MET and CNG by using 100 μL of rat plasma. QRT co-administration affects the PK parameters of MET and CNG. This alteration in PK parameters might be of significant use for clinicians and patients.

The Microeconomics of Product Innovation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stoneman ◽  
Eleonora Bartoloni ◽  
Maurizio Baussola
Keyword(s):  
Product Innovation ◽  
New Products ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Microeconomic Analysis ◽  
Prime Objective ◽  
Price Measurement ◽  
The Impact

The prime objective of this book is the use microeconomic analysis to guide and provide insight into the generation and adoption of new products. Taking an approach that uses minimal formal mathematics, the volume initially addresses questions of definitions, sources, and extent of product innovation, differentiating between goods and services; hard and soft innovations; horizontal and vertical innovations; original, new to market, and new to firm innovations. The sources of product innovations (e.g. R&D, design, and creativity) are explored empirically, and the extent of such innovations is then pursued using survey and other data. Three chapters are devoted to the theoretical analysis of the demand for and supply of new products and to the determination of firms’ decisions to undertake product innovation. Later chapters encompass empirical evidence on the determination of the extent of product innovation, the diffusion of such innovation, the impact of product innovation on firm performance, price measurement, and welfare, while the final chapter addresses policy issues.

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