No progression of the alterations in the cortical thickness of individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder: a three-year longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of first-episode patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (13) ◽  
pp. 2861-2871 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Roiz-Santiáñez ◽  
V. Ortiz-García de la Foz ◽  
R. Ayesa-Arriola ◽  
D. Tordesillas-Gutiérrez ◽  
R. Jorge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Early Years ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundCortical thickness measurement offers an index of brain development processes. In healthy individuals, cortical thickness is reduced with increasing age and is related to cognitive decline. Cortical thinning has been reported in schizophrenia. Whether cortical thickness changes differently over time in patients and its impact on outcome remain unanswered.MethodData were examined from 109 patients and 76 healthy controls drawn from the Santander Longitudinal Study of first-episode schizophrenia for whom adequate structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were available (n = 555 scans). Clinical and cognitive assessments and MRIs were acquired at three regular time points during a 3-year follow-up period. We investigated likely progressive cortical thickness changes in schizophrenia during the first 3 years after initiating antipsychotic treatment. The effects of cortical thickness changes on cognitive and clinical variables were also examined along with the impact of potential confounding factors.ResultsThere were significant diagnoses × scan time interaction main effects for total cortical thickness (F1,309.1 = 4.60, p = 0.033) and frontal cortical thickness (F1,310.6 = 5.30, p = 0.022), reflecting a lesser thinning over time in patients. Clinical and cognitive outcome was not associated with progressive cortical changes during the early years of the illness.ConclusionsCortical thickness abnormalities do not unswervingly progress, at least throughout the first years of the illness. Previous studies have suggested that modifiable factors may partly account for cortical thickness abnormalities. Therefore, the importance of implementing practical actions that may modify those factors and improve them over the course of the illness should be highlighted.

scholarly journals Cortical abnormalities and identification for first-episode schizophrenia via high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
Long-Biao Cui ◽  
Xu-Sha Wu ◽  
Ning-Bo Fei ◽  
Zi-Liang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Mean Curvature ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Capacity ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

AbstractIntroEvidence from neuroimaging has implicated abnormal cerebral cortical patterns in schizophrenia. Application of machine learning techniques is required for identifying structural signature reflecting neurobiological substrates of schizophrenia at the individual level. We aimed to detect and develop a method for potential marker to identify schizophrenia via the features of cerebral cortex using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodIn this study, cortical features were measured, including volumetric (cortical thickness, surface area, and gray matter volume) and geometric (mean curvature, metric distortion, and sulcal depth) features. Patients with first-episode schizophrenia (n = 52) and healthy controls (n = 66) were included from the Department of Psychiatry at Xijing Hospital. Multivariate computation was used to examine the abnormalities of cortical features in schizophrenia. Features were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. The diagnostic capacity of multi-dimensional neuroanatomical patterns-based classification was evaluated based on diagnostic tests.ResultsMean curvature (left insula and left inferior frontal gyrus), cortical thickness (left fusiform gyrus), and metric distortion (left cuneus and right superior temporal gyrus) revealed both group differences and diagnostic capacity. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.88, and the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of were 94%, 82%, and 88%, respectively. Confirming these findings, similar results were observed in the independent validation. There was a positive association between index score derived from the multi-dimensional patterns and the severity of symptoms (r = 0.40, P < .01) for patients.DiscussionOur findings demonstrate a view of cortical differences with capacity to discriminate between patients with schizophrenia and healthy population. Structural neuroimaging-based measurements hold great promise of paving the road for their clinical utility in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Prefrontal cortical thickness in first-episode psychosis: a magnetic resonance imaging study

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C Wiegand ◽  
Simon K Warfield ◽  
James J Levitt ◽  
Yoshio Hirayasu ◽  
Dean F Salisbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Episode Psychosis

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neuroimaging scan volumes at a teaching hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092098866
Author(s):  
Daniel Thomas Ginat ◽  
James Kenniff
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Academic Medical Centre ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
The Impact

Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to a widespread socioeconomic shutdown, including medical facilities in many parts of the world. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact on neuroimaging utilisation at an academic medical centre in the United States caused by this shutdown. Methods Exam volumes from 1 February 2020 to 11 August 2020 were calculated based on patient location, including outpatient, inpatient and emergency, as well as modality type, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. 13 March 2020 was designated as the beginning of the shutdown period for the radiology department and 1 May 2020 was designated as the reopening date. The scan volumes during the pre-shutdown, shutdown and post-shutdown periods were compared using t-tests. Results Overall, neuroimaging scan volumes declined significantly by 41% during the shutdown period and returned to 98% of the pre-shutdown period levels after the shutdown, with an estimated 3231 missed scans. Outpatient scan volumes were more greatly affected than inpatient scan volumes, while emergency scan volumes declined the least during the shutdown. In addition, the magnetic resonance imaging scan volumes declined to a greater degree than the computed tomography scan volumes during the shutdown. Conclusion The shutdown from the COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial but transient impact on neuroimaging utilisation overall, with variable magnitude depending on patient location and modality type.

scholarly journals Neuroimaging at Term Equivalent Age: Is There Value for the Preterm Infant? A Narrative Summary

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Rudaina Banihani ◽  
Judy Seesahai ◽  
Elizabeth Asztalos ◽  
Paige Terrien Church
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Equivalent Age ◽  
Current State ◽  
Patterns Of Injury ◽  
The Impact

Advances in neuroimaging of the preterm infant have enhanced the ability to detect brain injury. This added information has been a blessing and a curse. Neuroimaging, particularly with magnetic resonance imaging, has provided greater insight into the patterns of injury and specific vulnerabilities. It has also provided a better understanding of the microscopic and functional impacts of subtle and significant injuries. While the ability to detect injury is important and irresistible, the evidence for how these injuries link to specific long-term outcomes is less clear. In addition, the impact on parents can be profound. This narrative summary will review the history and current state of brain imaging, focusing on magnetic resonance imaging in the preterm population and the current state of the evidence for how these patterns relate to long-term outcomes.

scholarly journals Effect of early sleep apnoea treatment with adaptive servo-ventilation in acute stroke patients on cerebral lesion evolution and neurological outcomes: study protocol for a multicentre, randomized controlled, rater-blinded, clinical trial (eSATIS: early Sleep Apnoea Treatment in Stroke)

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone B. Duss ◽  
Anne-Kathrin Brill ◽  
Sébastien Baillieul ◽  
Thomas Horvath ◽  
Frédéric Zubler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Adaptive Servo Ventilation ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is highly prevalent in acute ischaemic stroke and is associated with worse functional outcome and increased risk of recurrence. Recent meta-analyses suggest the possibility of beneficial effects of nocturnal ventilatory treatments (continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV)) in stroke patients with SDB. The evidence for a favourable effect of early SDB treatment in acute stroke patients remains, however, uncertain. Methods eSATIS is an open-label, multicentre (6 centres in 4 countries), interventional, randomized controlled trial in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and significant SDB. Primary outcome of the study is the impact of immediate SDB treatment with non-invasive ASV on infarct progression measured with magnetic resonance imaging in the first 3 months after stroke. Secondary outcomes are the effects of immediate SDB treatment vs non-treatment on clinical outcome (independence in daily functioning, new cardio-/cerebrovascular events including death, cognition) and physiological parameters (blood pressure, endothelial functioning/arterial stiffness). After respiratory polygraphy in the first night after stroke, patients are classified as having significant SDB (apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) > 20/h) or no SDB (AHI < 5/h). Patients with significant SDB are randomized to treatment (ASV+ group) or no treatment (ASV− group) from the second night after stroke. In all patients, clinical, physiological and magnetic resonance imaging studies are performed between day 1 (visit 1) and days 4–7 (visit 4) and repeated at day 90 ± 7 (visit 6) after stroke. Discussion The trial will give information on the feasibility and efficacy of ASV treatment in patients with acute stroke and SDB and allows assessing the impact of SDB on stroke outcome. Diagnosing and treating SDB during the acute phase of stroke is not yet current medical practice. Evidence in favour of ASV treatment from a randomized multicentre trial may lead to a change in stroke care and to improved outcomes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02554487, retrospectively registered on 16 September 2015 (actual study start date, 13 August 2015), and www.kofam.ch (SNCTP000001521).

scholarly journals In vivo evaluation of cortical thickness with magnetic resonance imaging in patients with bipolar disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Martin Doring ◽  
Tadeu Takao Almodovar Kubo ◽  
Juliana Rodrigues Doring ◽  
Jiosef Fainberg ◽  
Mario Juruena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

scholarly journals The Impact of Preoperative Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Surgical Management in Symptomatic Patients With Invasive Lobular Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117822342094847
Author(s):  
Brian M Moloney ◽  
Peter F McAnena ◽  
Éanna J Ryan ◽  
Ellen O Beirn ◽  
Ronan M Waldron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Lobular Carcinoma ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Breast Mri ◽  
Breast Conserving Surgery ◽  
Conventional Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Due to an insidious proliferative pattern, invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) often fails to form a defined radiological or palpable lesion and accurate diagnosis remains challenging. This study aimed to determine the value of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for ILC and its impact on surgical outcomes. Methods: Consecutive symptomatic patients diagnosed with ILC in a tertiary centre over a 9-year period were reviewed. The time from diagnosis until surgery, initial type of surgery/index operation (breast-conserving surgery [BCS]/mastectomy) and the rates of reoperation (re-excision/completion mastectomy) were recorded. Patients were grouped into those who received conventional imaging and preoperative MRI (MR+) and those who received conventional imaging alone (MR–). Results: There were 218 cases of ILC, and 32.1% (n = 70) had preoperative MRI. Time from diagnosis to surgery was longer in the MR+ than the MR– group (32.5 vs 21.1 days, P < .001) even when adjusting for age and breast density. Initial BCS was performed on 71.4% (n = 50) of MR+ patients and 72.3% (n = 107) of the MR– group. While the rate of completion mastectomy following initial BCS was higher in the MR+ group (30.0%, n = 15 vs 14.0%, n = 15; χ2 = 5.63; P = .018), this association was not maintained in multivariable analysis. No difference was recorded in overall (initial and completion) mastectomy rate between the MR+ and MR– group (50.0%, n = 35 vs 37.8%, n = 56; χ2 = 2.89; P = .089). Margin re-excision following BCS was comparable between groups (8.0%, n =4, vs 9.3%, n = 10; χ2 = 0.076, P = .783) despite the selection bias for borderline conservable cases in the MR+ group. The rate of usage of MRI for ILC cases declined over the study period. Conclusion: While MRI was associated with minor delays in treatment and did not reduce overall rates of margin re-excision or completion mastectomy, it altered the choice of surgical procedure in almost a quarter of MR+ cases. The benefit of preoperative breast MRI appears to be confined to select (younger, dense breast, borderline conservable) cases in symptomatic ILC.

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