scholarly journals Knowing me, knowing you: theory of mind in AI

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1057-1061
Author(s):  
F. Cuzzolin ◽  
A. Morelli ◽  
B. Cîrstea ◽  
B. J. Sahakian
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
The World ◽  
New Models ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
Approach Theory

AbstractArtificial intelligence has dramatically changed the world as we know it, but is yet to fully embrace ‘hot’ cognition, i.e., the way an intelligent being's thinking is affected by their emotional state. Artificial intelligence encompassing hot cognition will not only usher in enhanced machine-human interactions, but will also promote a much needed ethical approach. Theory of Mind, the ability of the human mind to attribute mental states to others, is a key component of hot cognition. To endow machines with (limited) Theory of Mind capabilities, computer scientists will need to work closely with psychiatrists, psychologists and neuroscientists. They will need to develop new models, but also to formally define what problems need to be solved and how the results should be assessed.

scholarly journals KAVIÑAR AṞIVUMATI KAVITAIKAḶIL UVAKAI [HILARITY IN ARIVUMATHI’S POETRY]

2022 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
SUGUNADEVI VEERAN ◽  
S.SANTHIYA
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Happiness ◽  
The World ◽  
Living Being ◽  
The Way

It is knowledge and emotion that haunt human society. From the day the world appeared until the day the world ended, knowledge and emotion existed. According to Thiruvalluvar, knowledge that calms the emotion in his kural. Meyppatu are manifestations of mental consciousness. Tholkkappiyar has numbered the emotions that appear in the human mind in his epic Tholkkappiyam in Chapter Porulathigaaram. He has analyzed the emotions that appear within him in a way that others can know and understand very accurately (Meyppatu). They are eight types of emotions that apply to all human beings in the world. Meyppatu are the expression of human instincts. This dissertation aims to find out how the poetic enlightenment has been manipulated in the poetic epistemology of the numerical facts stated in the economics of Tholkappiam the fact of the matter is that consciousness is an emotional state that paves the way for human happiness. Any living being born into the world wants to be happy. Therefore, the researcher has used the poems of Arivumathi to prove this fact.

scholarly journals Theory of Mind Increases Aesthetic Appreciation in Visual Arts

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Marina Iosifyan
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Aesthetic Appreciation ◽  
Aesthetic Cognition ◽  
Mental Characteristics

Abstract Theory of mind is a cognitive ability that enables us to understand mental states of others, important in real-life communications as well as in aesthetic cognition. The present research investigated whether understanding intentions and emotions is related to aesthetic appreciation. Study 1 tested whether there is a link between aesthetic appreciation of cinematic films and attempts to understand the intentions and emotions of the artists and the film characters. It showed that a self-reported understanding of emotions and intentions is positively associated with aesthetic appreciation. Studies 2 and 4 investigated a causal relationship between the attempt to understand emotions and an aesthetic appreciation of artistic photos. Study 3 investigated an actual understanding of emotions and aesthetic appreciation of movie shots. The results show that when people evaluate the emotional state of the characters, they aesthetically appreciate artistic photos more, compared to when they evaluate non-mental characteristics of these photos (age of the characters, the colour of the photos). Moreover, better understanding of another’s emotions is related to greater aesthetic appreciation.

scholarly journals A Paradigmatic Critique of Harold Pinter’s The Caretaker

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Dr Ajita Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
World War ◽  
Common People ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Harold Pinter ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Post War

Harold Pinter lived and wrote his plays after the World War period. In this period scholars were associated with the portrayal of unrefined and crude factors of warfare which were, directly and indirectly, related to the people of that time. They also depicted how governments were exploiting common people in the name of safety and warfare.  Despite the fact that Pinter's plays are not actually about warfare or the circumstance of Wars, his plays have the impressions of warfare in various shades. His plays display various levels of human existence. There is an exploration of mental, social, financial, human relationship, and the existential methodology of existence with ludicrousness in his plays. Pinter’s relationship is with the real elements of human existence and activities. He denies the idea of realism in his plays and says that “If you press me for a definition. I would say that what goes on in my plays is realistic, but what I’m doing is not realism” (The Essential Pinter, 11). He always tried to depict concrete and particular idea in his plays through concrete characters. He never wrote his plays for any kind of abstract idea. He is associated with realism in the matter of approach of depiction to the crude and drastic realities of the time. He has represented the post-war British socio-political issues, sensibilities and psychological as well as mental states of the human mind.

Shaping the Concept of Mage Through Image Schemas in Dragon Age Origins

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
DEAN RAIYASMI ◽  
ELVI CITRARESMANA
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
The World

Language shapes the human mind and its concept toward things. Using image schemas, in nowadays technology, even AI (artificial intelligence) can concept things in response to their creator negativity or positivity. This is reflected in one of the most selling games around the world in 2012 called Dragon Age

Précis of How monkeys see the world

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy L. Cheney ◽  
Robert M. Seyfarth
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
East African ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
The World ◽  
Adaptive Specializations

AbstractOur book examines the mechanisms that underlie social behavior and communication in East African vervet monkeys. Our goal is to describe the sophistication of primate intelligence and to probe its limits. We suggest that vervets and other primates make good primatologists. They observe social interactions, recognize the relations that exist among others, and classify relationships into types. Monkeys also use sounds to represent features of their environment and compare different vocalizations according to their meaning. Monkeys may use abstract concepts and have motives, beliefs, and desires, however, their mental states are apparently not accessible: They do not know what they know. In addition, monkeys seem unable to attribute mental states to others: They lack a “theory of mind.” Their inability to. examine their own mental states or to attribute mental states to others severely constrains their ability to transmit information or to deceive one another. It also limits the extent to which their vocalizations can be called semantic. Finally, the skills that monkeys exhibit in social behavior are apparently domain specific. For reasons that are at present unclear, vervets exhibit adaptive specializations in social interactions that are not extended to their interactions with other species (although they should be).

scholarly journals Shape as a Cognitive Archetype of the English Linguoculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 304-311
Author(s):  
E. Savitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Abstract Thinking ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
The World ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Clear Presentation ◽  
Genuine Knowledge

The article is devoted to revealing the cultural and historic continuity of eidetic and abstract thinking and their structural parallelism. The author describes the cognitive archetype “Shape” in English linguoculture, shows what subject areas are modelled by using the above-mentioned archetype (mental states / properties, action and its effect, objective circumstances etc.) and points out the importance of the cognitive archetype in question for modern abstract thinking and modelling of reality. The role of the cognitive archetype “Configuration of objects” for abstract thinking and modelling of reality is emphasized. In particular, it has been demonstrated that among representatives of English linguoculture the image of a straight line is often associated with simplicity, truthfulness, honesty, sincerity, rejecting ambiguity in expressing thoughts, spontaneity, whereas the image of a curved line is often associated with complexity, deceit, insincerity, hypocrisy, resourcefulness, fraud, wrongness, deviation from the norm, standard, from a simple and clear presentation of thoughts. The author notes that the numerous language examples given in the article indicate an important circumstance in the field of cognitive science: a person does not believe that he has deeply understood the structure and essence of a non-perceivable object until he imagines its spatial outlines. The author states that information about the environment is received through sensory channels, with further processing of the information received through the channels, constructing abstract notions from sensory images, but, as can be seen from the examples, never loses connection with the images. The author also notes that man is an intelligent primate; his picture of the world, figuratively speaking, is a building of the human mind based on ape’s sensations. But the sensations that man has inherited from his animal ancestors do not prevent him from gaining genuine knowledge, developing abstract thinking, and achieving an adequate understanding of the world.

Mind and Machine

Mind Shift ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 396-410
Author(s):  
John Parrington
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Technologies

This chapter explores how future technologies might impact on human consciousness. It begins by discussing how new techniques are continuing to add to the understanding of the human mind. There are many exciting technologies available now to the neuroscientist, such as genomic analysis, optogenetics, gene editing, and brain organoids. To what extent could such technologies be used to investigate the model of human consciousness outlined in this book? The chapter then considers whether artificial intelligence might come to rival that of human beings, and possible interfaces between human and machine intelligence. Our growing ability to develop functioning robots raises the question of whether an artificial human brain might be used to control such a robot, creating in effect a cyborg. However, the creation of such an entity could make a big difference in terms of an artificial brain’s sense of identity in the world, as well as its rights.

scholarly journals Challenges of Accent and vowels for Sindhi Speech Recognition System

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 916-921
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Text Recognition ◽  
Speech Recognition System ◽  
The World ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
Difficult Area ◽  
Area Of Study

While talking and writing in Sindhi language, many challenges are faced because of the large number of 52 characters or alphabets. Vowels and the accent keep changing in fluency of speaking and writing. Due to the different varities of languages in the world and the dearth of computer scientists in the field of Speech Recognition, it is considered difficult area of study and is the least advanced field of Artificial Intelligence. More specifically, the difficulties are faced in the speech recognition for languages like Arabic and its adapting languages such as Sindhi, Pashto, Urdu, and others. The script and sounds in every language are directly proportional to each other i.e. the shorter script has less sounds while the longer script has more sounds. We developed a system for speech to text recognition system for Sindhi language with the help of Sphinx model. We have also tested the different datasets through the input in various phases and compare the results and accuracy of the vowels and accents through the proposed system

On literary fiction and its effects on theory of mind

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kidd ◽  
Martino Ongis ◽  
Emanuele Castano
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Reflective Function ◽  
The World

Storytelling is a hallmark human activity. We use stories to make sense of the world, to explain it to our children, to create communities, and to learn about others. This article focuses on fictional stories and their impact on complex sociocognitive abilities. Correlational and experimental evidence shows that exposure to fiction recruits and hones our ability to represent others’ mental states, or theory of mind (ToM). Experimental studies suggest this effect is specific to literary fiction. Using a unique set of texts, we replicate the finding that literary fiction improves ToM performance. Consistent with the expectation of greater focus on characters in literary fiction, linguistic analysis of the texts revealed that the literary texts contain more markers of reflective function, a sophisticated manifestation of ToM. Further analysis showed the prevalence of markers of reflective function partially mediated the effect of literary fiction on ToM performance.

scholarly journals Cognitive Mechanism of Analogy and its Role in Processes of Primary Metaphor Creation

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
N. V. Borodiichuk
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Cognitive Mechanism ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Argument ◽  
Human Perceptions ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Development Of Language

The article deals with the problem of the cognitive nature of metaphor formed in the medium of mythological consciousness of the primitive human. It is supposed that such the main features of the mythological thinking as sensory concreteness and inability to form abstract notions caused the nature of the primary metaphor which was formed through the cognitive mechanism of analogy the surrounding objects and phenomena, and the inner mental states of the human – this metaphor was not linguistic, but concrete and sensory. It is ascertained that the direction of metaphorization in the primitive consciousness was inverted to modern one, because the modern people mind uses more intelligible concrete concepts to express abstract concepts, but the primitive humans conceiving themselves as a part of the nature and understanding their inner world as the outer one projected their inner states, which are comprehended as abstract now, onto the natural phenomena, which can be perceived through the organs of sense. It is argued that formation of critical abstract thinking is related with the development of the human cognitive abilities, what caused the metaphorization veer and also the transition from the mythological mind to linguistic one. It is analyzed three approaches to solving the problem of the relation between language and myth where an important argument was the metaphoricity both of thinking and language: 1) the linguistic theory of myth by M. Müller according to which the loss initial sense of the linguistic metaphor generated myth; 2) the theory of myth based not on the linguistic metaphor, but on the concrete sensory analogy of the real objects and human perceptions (E. Tylor, A. Potebnya); 3) Neo-Kantian theory by E. Cassirer which postulates the simultaneous development of language and myth which have the common sources. It is proved that metaphoricity is inherent in the human mind of every historical period, because the linguistic metaphor is based on the cognitive one, that is the latter makes it possible to comprehend the world and ourselves in this world and express the obtained knowledge by means of language. At the same time, metaphoricity and abstractness of thinking are harmonious processes which provides the productive cognizing of the world and the creative working its results out through the fixation of them in the linguistic forms.

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