Mind and Machine

Mind Shift ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 396-410
Author(s):  
John Parrington
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Technologies

This chapter explores how future technologies might impact on human consciousness. It begins by discussing how new techniques are continuing to add to the understanding of the human mind. There are many exciting technologies available now to the neuroscientist, such as genomic analysis, optogenetics, gene editing, and brain organoids. To what extent could such technologies be used to investigate the model of human consciousness outlined in this book? The chapter then considers whether artificial intelligence might come to rival that of human beings, and possible interfaces between human and machine intelligence. Our growing ability to develop functioning robots raises the question of whether an artificial human brain might be used to control such a robot, creating in effect a cyborg. However, the creation of such an entity could make a big difference in terms of an artificial brain’s sense of identity in the world, as well as its rights.

Dialogue and Artificial Intelligence

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edda Weigand
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Holistic Model ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Learning Machines ◽  
The World ◽  
Modelling Competence

Abstract The article focuses on a few central issues of dialogic competence-in-performance which are still beyond the reach of models of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Learning machines have made an amazing step forward but still face barriers which cannot be crossed yet. Linguistics is still described at the level of Chomsky’s view of language competence. Modelling competence-in-performance requires a holistic model, such as the Mixed Game Model (Weigand 2010), which is capable of addressing the challenge of the ‘architecture of complexity’ (Simon 1962). The complex cannot be ‘the ontology of the world’ (Russell and Norwig 2016). There is no autonomous ontology, no hierarchy of concepts; it is always human beings who perceive the world. ‘Anything’, in the end, depends on the human brain.

The Future of Work and the Changing Workplace

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. Joshi ◽  
J.R. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Digital Innovation ◽  
Future Of Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
The Future ◽  
Market Opportunities

The world of work has been impacted by technology. Work is different than it was in the past due to digital innovation. Labor market opportunities are becoming polarized between high-end and low-end skilled jobs. Migration and its effects on employment have become a sensitive political issue. From Buffalo to Beijing public debates are raging about the future of work. Developments like artificial intelligence and machine intelligence are contributing to productivity, efficiency, safety, and convenience but are also having an impact on jobs, skills, wages, and the nature of work. The “undiscovered country” of the workplace today is the combination of the changing landscape of work itself and the availability of ill-fitting tools, platforms, and knowledge to train for the requirements, skills, and structure of this new age.

Transfer of consciousness. Considering its possibility or fantasy from the religious and scientific perspectives

DIALOGO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Tudor-Cosmin Ciocan ◽  
Any Docu Axelerad ◽  
Maria CIOCAN ◽  
Alina Zorina Stroe ◽  
Silviu Docu Axelerad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Religious Believer ◽  
Actual Knowledge ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Human Feature ◽  
The Brain

Ancient beliefs such as astral projection, human possession, abduction and other similar are not only universal, taught by all religions, but also used as premises for core believes/expectations, such as after-life, eternal damnation, reincarnation, and many others. Transferring Consciousness to a Synthetic Body is also a feature of interest in our actual knowledge, both religious as for science. If immortality were an option, would you take it into consideration more seriously? Most people would probably dismiss the question since immortality isn’t a real deal to contract. But what if having eternal life was a possibility in today’s world? The possibility of the transfer of human consciousness to a synthetic body can soon become a reality, and it could help the world for the better. Thus, until recently, the subject was mostly proposed by religion(s) and saw as a spiritual [thus, not ‘materially real’ or ‘forthwith accomplishable’] proposal therefore not really fully engaged or trust if not a religious believer. Now, technology is evolving, and so are we. The world has come to a point where artificial intelligence is breaking the boundaries of our perception of human consciousness and intelligence. And with this so is our understanding about the ancient question ‘who are we?’ concerning consciousness and how this human feature sticks to our body or it can become an entity beyond the material flesh. Without being exhaustive with the theme's development [leaving enough room for further investigations], we would like to take it for a spin and see how and where the religious and neuroscience realms intersect with it for a global, perhaps holistic understanding. Developments in neurotechnology favor the brain to broaden its physical control further the restraints of the human body. Accordingly, it is achievable to both acquire and provide information from and to the brain and also to organize feedback processes in which a person's thoughts can influence the activity of a computer or reversely.

The Question of Disclosure in Photography

Glimpse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Junichiro Inutsuka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Epistemic Value ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Technological Environment ◽  
Cognitive Transformation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Keeping aside discussions about theories of depiction of photography and the epistemic value of photography from the viewer’s perspective, I reconsider this techne from the photographers’ entire act of photographing. It presents the quest of the possibility to regain the world by the art of photography, especially in a situation where human consciousness of the living environment is overwhelmed by the photographic effects. The nature of the current technological environment—while disguising the manifestation of pure humanity, in the sense that it is the externalization of technology due to human nature—is completely destructive. Today, trying to save or regenerate philosophy should be nothing more than seeking a way for human beings to refuse being incorporated as an automaton in an endless track of automated reproduction processes. As one of those who wish to find a way to reconstruct the relationship between humans and nature or to reveal that human existence can only be established in such correlation, I seek a way of breathing human freedom, momentarily disputing this automated living and social environment. In other words, to regain or to play the art of photography, to unsettle what usually works as concrete support for the cognitive transformation making us unconsciously think of the technological environment as something inevitable and natural. It would be presenting a temporary retreat and a more positive way forward.

Sharing the World with Digital Minds

2021 ◽  
pp. 306-326
Author(s):  
Carl Shulman ◽  
Nick Bostrom
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Moral Reflection ◽  
Moral Intuitions ◽  
The World ◽  
Advance Planning

The minds of biological creatures occupy a small corner of a much larger space of possible minds that could be created once we master the technology of artificial intelligence. Yet many of our moral intuitions and practices are based on assumptions about human nature that need not hold for digital minds. This points to the need for moral reflection as we approach the era of advanced machine intelligence. This chapter focuses on one set of issues, which arise from the prospect of digital minds with superhumanly strong claims to resources and influence. These could arise from the vast collective benefits that mass-produced digital minds could derive from relatively small amounts of resources. Alternatively, they could arise from individual digital minds with superhuman moral status or ability to benefit from resources. Such beings could contribute immense value to the world, and failing to respect their interests could produce a moral catastrophe, while a naive way of respecting them could be disastrous for humanity. A sensible approach requires reforms of our moral norms and institutions along with advance planning regarding what kinds of digital minds we bring into existence.

Mind and Matter

Mind Shift ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
John Parrington
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Rene Descartes ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
René Descartes

This chapter discusses different views on the basis of human consciousness. A major problem with much popular speculation about the biological roots of consciousness is that those who advocate a gene-based view of consciousness often appear to have little understanding of modern genetics, while speculation about how brain structures shape that consciousness often bear little resemblance to emerging knowledge about the complexity of an actual human brain. There is a common thread here, which is that idealised genes and brains have been substituted for real ones. Unfortunately, because of this tendency, it is not clear how much we have really advanced forwards from René Descartes and his belief that the human mind was an unknowable entity, or for that matter, the behaviourists with their view that the human mind could be treated as a black box. In contrast, to understand human consciousness, there is a need to understand real genes, real brains, and how these have evolved in humans compared to other species.

Artificial intelligence, explanations, trust, responsibility, and justice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Baecker
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Successful Approach ◽  
Smart Cars ◽  
Year 2000

There have been several challenges to our view of our position and purpose as human beings. The scientist Charles Darwin’s research demonstrated evolutionary links between man and other animals. Psychoanalysis founder Sigmund Freud illuminated the power of the subconscious. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have challenged our identity as the species with the greatest ability to think. Whether machines can now ‘think’ is no longer interesting. What is important is to critically consider the degree to which they are called upon to make decisions and act in significant and often life-critical situations. We have already discussed the increasing roles of AI in intelligent tutoring, medicine, news stories and fake news, autonomous weapons, smart cars, and automation. Chapter 11 focuses on other ways in which our lives are changing because of advances in AI, and the accompanying opportunities and risks. AI has seen a paradigm shift since the year 2000. Prior to this, the focus was on knowledge representation and the modelling of human expertise in particular domains, in order to develop expert systems that could solve problems and carry out rudimentary tasks. Now, the focus is on the neural networks capable of machine learning (ML). The most successful approach is deep learning, whereby complex hierarchical assemblies of processing elements ‘learn’ using millions of samples of training data. They can then often make correct decisions in new situations. We shall also present a radical, and for most of us a scary, concept of AI with no limits—the technological singularity or superintelligence. Even though superintelligence is for now sciencefiction, humanity is asking if there is any limit to machine intelligence. We shall therefore discuss the social and ethical consequences of widespread use of ML algorithms. It is helpful in this analysis to better understand what intelligence is, so we present two insightful formulations of the concept developed by renowned psychologists.

scholarly journals A Survey on Artificial Intelligence Overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aggarwal AJuhi ◽  
Shailesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Pattern Matching ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
System P ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Computational Relationship

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science concerned with the study and creation of computer of computer system are more intelligence than human. Artificial Intelligence programmed by the human beings. We can increase the AI’s capabilities by the supervised and unsupervised teaching. Artificial Intelligence works with pattern matching method which attempts to describe objects, events or process in terms of their qualitative features, logical and computational relationship. AI can also be used to make predications in future. Artificial Intelligence helps people to make their tasks easily and efficiently. Intelligence is the way of thinking and acting upon the environment, this might depend upon the the programming. There is huge difference on the Natural Intelligence (NI), Machine Intelligence (MI) and Artificial Intelligence. There is wide range of application for that ranges from computer vision to expert system.

scholarly journals A Story of Scattered Hearts: Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Dr. Varsha Vaidya ◽  
Mr. Siddharth Patil
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Relationship ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Emotional Balance ◽  
Emotional Basis

Human beings are so fragile and impatient that they are easily subjected on emotional basis. It is in human nature that they empathise everything that emotionally attach with them. Emotion plays a vital role in the entire world of human relationship. It is not inept to note here that our thoughts are often forms the core of our actions. It reflects the framework of our psychology greatly. There are instances in the world of living where one work affects because of the mood of a person. Deliberately, the writers across the world develop and circle their thoughts around emotional balance of human beings in various points. They successfully stress the effect of a particular crisis and it’s outcomes on human mind. The present research paper deals with the effects of such crisis on the lives of human being who are deeply engulfed in their normal life. The study is a sincere endeavour to bring to the fore a serious effect of Nepali-a politically motivated-uprising on the common man living peacefully, amicably in harmony with nature.

scholarly journals KAVIÑAR AṞIVUMATI KAVITAIKAḶIL UVAKAI [HILARITY IN ARIVUMATHI’S POETRY]

2022 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
SUGUNADEVI VEERAN ◽  
S.SANTHIYA
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Happiness ◽  
The World ◽  
Living Being ◽  
The Way

It is knowledge and emotion that haunt human society. From the day the world appeared until the day the world ended, knowledge and emotion existed. According to Thiruvalluvar, knowledge that calms the emotion in his kural. Meyppatu are manifestations of mental consciousness. Tholkkappiyar has numbered the emotions that appear in the human mind in his epic Tholkkappiyam in Chapter Porulathigaaram. He has analyzed the emotions that appear within him in a way that others can know and understand very accurately (Meyppatu). They are eight types of emotions that apply to all human beings in the world. Meyppatu are the expression of human instincts. This dissertation aims to find out how the poetic enlightenment has been manipulated in the poetic epistemology of the numerical facts stated in the economics of Tholkappiam the fact of the matter is that consciousness is an emotional state that paves the way for human happiness. Any living being born into the world wants to be happy. Therefore, the researcher has used the poems of Arivumathi to prove this fact.

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